• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
• /
• v.16 no.12
• /
• pp.1141-1153
• /
• 2010

This paper introduces ONLIS(Overlay Multicast Network for Live IPTV Service), a novel overlay multicast network optimized to deliver live broadcast IPTV stream. We analyzed IPTV reference model of ITU-T IPTV standardization group in terms of network and stream delivery from the source networks to the customer networks. Based on the analysis, we divide IPTV reference model into 3 networks; source network, core network and access network, ION(Infrastructure-based Overlay Multicast Network) is employed for the source and core networks and PON(P2P-based Overlay Multicast Network) is applied to the access networks. ION provides an efficient, reliable and stable stream distribution with very negligible delay while PON provides bandwidth efficient and cost effective streaming with a little tolerable delay. The most important challenge in live P2P streaming is to reduce end-to-end delay without sacrificing stream quality. Actually, there is always a trade-off between delay & stream quality in conventional live P2P streaming system. To solve this problem, we propose two approaches. Firstly, we propose DSPT(Distributed Streaming P2P Tree) which takes advantage of combinational overlay multicasting. In DSPT, a peer doesn't fully rely on SP(Supplying Peer) to get the live stream, but it cooperates with its local ANR(Access Network Relay) to reduce delay and improve stream quality. When RP detects bandwidth drop in SP, it immediately switches the connection from SP to ANR and continues to receive stream without any packet loss. DSPT uses distributed P2P streaming technique to let the peer share the stream to the extent of its available bandwidth. This means, if RP can't receive the whole stream from SP due to lack of SP's uploading bandwidth, then it receives only partial stream from SP and the rest from the ANR. The proposed distributed P2P streaming improves P2P networking efficiency.

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.69-77
• /
• 2011

The intrinsic $CO_2$ separation and hydrogen production system is a novel concept using oxidation and reduction reactions of oxygen carrier for both $CO_2$ capture and high purity hydrogen production. The process consists of a fuel reactor (FR), a steam reactor (SR) and an air reactor (AR). The natural gas ($CH_4$) is oxidized to $CO_2$ and steam by the oxygen carrier in FR, whereas the steam is reduced to hydrogen by oxidation of the reduced oxygen carrier in SR. The oxygen carrier is fully oxidized by air in AR. In the present study, the chemical looping moving bed reactor having 200 L/h hydrogen production capacity is designed and the hydrodynamic properties were determined. Compared with other reactors, two moving bed reactors (FR, SR) were used to obtain high conversion and selectivity of the oxygen carrier. The desirable solid circulation rates are calculated to be in the range of $20{\sim}100kg/m^2s$ from the conceptual design. The solid circulation rate can be controlled by aeration in a loop-seal. To maintain the gas velocity in the moving beds (FR, SR) at the minimum fluidization velocity is found to be suitable for the stable operation. The solid holdup in moving beds decrease with increasing gas velocity and solid circulation rate.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.31 no.10
• /
• pp.919-923
• /
• 1998

Background: Calcific degeneration is unavoidable in either homo- or heterografts implanted in the human body. We have developed a calcification-resistant cardiovascular tissue patch using a novel technique of anticalcification. Materials and methods: Fresh bovine pericardium was harvested at the slaughter house and transfered to the laboratory in Hank's solution. After trimming and fixing the pericardium, it was embedded in 4$^{\circ}C$ 0.65% glutaraldehyde for a week and then washed by phosphate-buffered saline(PBS) of pH 7.4. This prepared pericardium was then stored in 2.5% sulphonated polyethyleneoxide(PEO-SO3) solution for 2 days at room temperature and reversed by 4$^{\circ}C$ NaBH4 solution for 16 hours. To evaluate the calcification-resistance of surface modified bovine pericardium with PEO-SO3, either glutaraldehyde- treated(GA group, n=4) or PEO-SO3-treated pericardial patch(PEO-SO3 group, n=4) was implanted into adult mongrel dog to reconstruct the main pulmonary artery and the descending aorta using a partial clamp technique. After 1 month follow-up, the implanted patches were retrieved to evaluate the pathologic findings and the content of calcium and phosphorous. Results: The PEO-SO3 group showed substantially less retraction and significantly less calcium deposition than the GA group in both aortic(7.10$\pm$1.05 vs. 13.81$\pm$2.33 mg/g of dried tissue) and pulmonary positions(1.55$\pm$0.29 vs. 6.72$\pm$0.70 mg/g)(p<0.01). Phosphorous contents were also less in the PEO-SO3 group than the GA group significantly, 8.11$\pm$1.07 mg/g vs. 19.33$\pm$4.31 mg/g in the aortic and 2.58$\pm$0.40 vs. 12.60$\pm$3.40 mg/g in thepulmonary position(p<0.01). Conclusions: These findings suggest that PEO-SO3 modified bovine pericardium is highly calcification-resistant but further study is needed to evaluate the long-term biological safety and compatibility of the prosthesis.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
• /
• v.11A no.7 s.91
• /
• pp.555-562
• /
• 2004

Both global volume reduction and local shape changes of hippocampus within the brain indicate their abnormal neurological states. Hippocampal shape analysis consists of two main steps. First, construct a hippocampal shape representation model ; second, compute a shape similarity from this representation. This paper proposes a novel method for the analysis of hippocampal shape using integrated Octree-based representation, containing meshes, voxels, and skeletons. First of all, we create multi-level meshes by applying the Marching Cube algorithm to the hippocampal region segmented from MR images. This model is converted to intermediate binary voxel representation. And we extract the 3D skeleton from these voxels using the slice-based skeletonization method. Then, in order to acquire multiresolutional shape representation, we store hierarchically the meshes, voxels, skeletons comprised in nodes of the Octree, and we extract the sample meshes using the ray-tracing based mesh sampling technique. Finally, as a similarity measure between the shapes, we compute $L_2$ Norm and Hausdorff distance for each sam-pled mesh pair by shooting the rays fired from the extracted skeleton. As we use a mouse picking interface for analyzing a local shape inter-actively, we provide an interaction and multiresolution based analysis for the local shape changes. In this paper, our experiment shows that our approach is robust to the rotation and the scale, especially effective to discriminate the changes between local shapes of hippocampus and more-over to increase the speed of analysis without degrading accuracy by using a hierarchical level-of-detail approach.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.207-213
• /
• 2009

Adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) deficiency is a disease of purine metabolism which affects patients both biochemicall and behaviorally. An obstacle of this purine nucleotide cycle(PNC) can be caused brain functional disorder and growth disorder. So ADSL deficiency, which is associated with sever mental retardation, autistic features and energy metabolism. This study was performed to identify SNP on ADSL gene in chicken. The nucleotides were observed as T to C ($7724^{th}$ nucleotide), C to T ($7732^{nd}$ nucleotide), G to T ($10108^{th}$ nucleotide), A to T ($10356^{th}$ nucleotide), G to A($10375^{th}$ nucleotide), A to C ($10402^{nd}$ nucleotide), A to T ($12716^{th}$ nucleotide), T to A ($12717^{th}$ nucleotide), C to T ($15491^{st}$ nucleotide), C to T ($15542^{nd}$ nucleotide) and C to T ($15550^{th}$ nucleotide). The nucleotide substitutions at $15542^{nd}$ and $15550^{th}$ (GeneBank accession no. AY665559) were found as missense mutation (alanine$\rightarrow$valine, proline$\rightarrow$serine, respectively). This study will be useful for farther researches for identifying association between these SNPs and energy metabolism in chicken. The C15550T SNP showed three genotypes, CC, CT, TT by digestion with the genotype TT had significantly faster the first lay day (150.0) than CT (162.0, P<0.05) and genotype TT (150.0, P<0.05) had significantly higher the egg production rate than CT (172.4, P<0.05). According to result of this study, a C15550T was found to have a significantly effect first lay day and mean egg production. It will be possible to use SNP marker on selecting chicken to improve important economic traits, which is the first lay day and mean egg production.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.183-188
• /
• 2008

Aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of 2D ion chamber array as a substitute of the water phantom system in a periodic Linac QA. For the feasibility study, a commercial ion chamber matrix was used as a substitute of the water phantom in the measurement for a routine QA beam properties. The device used in this study was the I'm RT MatriXX (Wellhofer Dosimetrie, Germany). The MatriXX consists of a 1,020 vented ion chamber array, arranged in $24{\times}24\;cm^2$ matrix. Each ion chamber has a volume of $0.08\;cm^3$, spacing of 0.762 cm. We investigated dosimetric parameters such as dose symmetry, energy ($TPR_{20,10}$), and absolute dose for comparing with the water phantom data with a Farmer-type ionization chamber (FC65G, Wellhofer Dosimetrie, Germany). For the MatriXX measurements, we used the white polystyrene phantom (${\rho}:\;1.18\;g/cm^3$) and also considered the intrinsic layer (${\rho}:\;1.06\;g/cm^3$, t: 0.36 cm) of MatriXX to be equivalent to water depth. In the preliminary study of geometrical QA using MatriXX, the rotation axis of collimator and half beam junction test were included and compared with film measurements. Regarding the dosimetrical QA, the MatriXX has shown good agreements within ${\pm}1%$ compared to the water phantom measurements. In the geometrical test, the data from MatriXX were comparable with those from the films. In conclusion, the MatriXX is a good substitute for water phantom system and film measurements. In addition, the results indicate that the MatriXX as a cost-effective novel QA tool to reduce time and personnel power.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.115-119
• /
• 2005

Replacement of valine by tryptophan or tyrosine at position $\alpha$96 of the $\alpha$ chain ($\alpha$96Val), located in the ${\alpha}_1{\beta}_2$ subunit interface of hemoglobin leads to low oxygen affinity hemoglobin, and has been suggested to be due to the extra stability introduced by an aromatic amino acid at the $\alpha$96 position. The characteristic of aromatic amino acid substitution at the $\alpha$96 of hemoglobin has been further investigated by producing double mutant r Hb ($\alpha$42Tyr$\rightarrow$ Phe, $\alpha$96Val$\rightarrow$Trp). r Hb ($\alpha$42Tyr$\rightarrow$Phe) is known to exhibit almost no cooperativity in binding oxygen, and possesses high oxygen affinity due to the disruption of the hydrogen bond between $\alpha$42Tyr and $\beta$99Asp in the ${\alpha}_1{\beta}_2$ subunit interface of deoxy Hb A. The second mutation, $\alpha$96Val$\rightarrow$Trp, may compensate the functional defects of r Hb ($\alpha$42Tyr$\rightarrow$Phe), if the stability due to the introduction of trypophan at the $\alpha$96 position is strong enough to overcome the defect of r Hb ($\alpha$42Tyr$\rightarrow$Phe). Double mutant r Hb ($\alpha$42Tyr$\rightarrow$Phe, $\alpha$96Val$\rightarrow$Trp) exhibited almost no cooperativity in binding oxygen and possessed high oxygen affinity, similarly to that of r Hb ($\alpha$42Tyr$\rightarrow$Phe). $^1$H NMR spectroscopic data of r Hb ($\alpha$42Tyr$\rightarrow$Phe, $\alpha$96Val$\rightarrow$Trp) also showed a very unstable deoxy-quaternary structure. The present investigation has demonstrated that the presence of the crucible hydrogen bond between $\alpha$42Tyr and $\beta$99Asp is essential for the novel oxygen binding properties of deoxy Hb ($\alpha$96Val$\rightarrow$Trp).

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
• /
• v.52 no.1
• /
• pp.73-78
• /
• 2014

This study was carried out to establish the self-specification and shelf-life by standardization of manufacturing process for Tenebrio molitor larvae. First, standardization of manufacturing process for T. molitor was set up. Sterilization for larvae placed on a multistage shelf with intervals of about 10 cm was carried out at $115^{\circ}C$, $1kgf/cm^2$ for 10 min. After sterilization, T. molitor larvae were frozen at less than $-35^{\circ}C$ for more than 12 hrs. And then, they were dried under $-15^{\circ}C$, 0.5 torr vacuum for more than 30 hrs. Second, we decided self-specification for T. molitor larvae. Their moisture, acidity, peroxide, crude protein and crude fat level should be 5% or less, 3 mg/g or less, 30 meq/g or less, 45% or more, and 25% or more, respectively. Also, oleic acid, representative material, level was set up 11 ~ 16%. Third, we decided shelf-life by analysis of the physicochemical characteristic, sensory evaluation and microbial indicators. The final expiry date for lyophilized T. molitor larvae in PET bottle was calculated as 12 months from date of manufacture. We expect that optimal manufacturing process system, self-specification, and shelf-life proposed in this study can be used in industrial production of T. molitor as a novel food.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
• /
• v.63
• /
• pp.91-120
• /
• 2020

This study suggests a spiritual education for the Christian family as a strategy to cope with the risky situation of the Korean Church during the Covid-19 pandemic. Today, we live in a chaotic epoch since the rapid development of the science caused the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the Covid-19 pandemic gave rise to a wide array of changes throughout the society. Korean Church in these circumstances is required to have relevant responses to the kaleidoscopic changes. Especially, not to mention the face-to-face public worship service, in the situation where the congregation members even find it difficult to meet one another in a small group, it becomes a crucial issue how Christians maintain their faith and community in the healthy spirituality. As such, viewing that Christian education within the family will become much more important, this study conducts research for familial-spiritual education. For the research, this paper, first of all, attempts to understand the era of Covid-19. It is to see what the Novel Corona Virus is and what the feature of the epoch of Covid-19 might be. Based upon the understanding, this research discusses what Christian spirituality is asked for and the orientation towards which Christian education should go on. It is particularly to say that a spiritual education for the family becomes integral. The education for the family might be possible through Bibliodrama so that this study establishes a specific model of Christian education employing Bibliodrama. The discussion above shows three academic significances. First, this paper, within the domain of Christian education, suggests an alternative research which is to solve Korean Church's diverse problems caused by Covid-19. Second, this research attempts an analytical understanding of the Covid-19 period within the Christian education area. Finally, when specific and practical research for the field of Christian education during the Covid-19 pandemic is required, this study considers that Christian education within the family is overarching, thus proposing a specific model for familial-spiritual education hiring Bibliodrama.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.524-533
• /
• 2008

Industrial wastewater generated in the electroplating and metal finishing industries typically contain toxic free and complex metal cyanide with various heavy metals. Alkaline chlorination, the normal treatment method destroys only free cyanide, not complex metal cyanide. A novel treatment method has been developed which destroys both free and complex metal cyanide as compared with Practical Plant(I). Prior to the removal of complex metal cyanide by Fe/Zn coprecipitation and removal of others(Cu, Ni), Chromium is reduced from the hexavalent to the trivalent form by Sodium bisulfite(NaHSO$_3$), followed by alkaline-chlorination for the cyanide destruction. The maximum removal efficiency of chromium by reduction was found to be 99.92% under pH 2.0, ORP 250 mV for 0.5 hours. The removal efficiency of complex metal cyanide was max. 98.24%(residual CN: 4.50 mg/L) in pH 9.5, 240 rpm with 3.0 $\times$ 10$^{-4}$ mol of FeSO$_4$/ZnCl$_2$ for 0.5 hours. The removal efficiency of Cu, Ni using both hydroxide and sulfide precipitation was found to be max. 99.9% as Cu in 3.0 mol of Na$_2$S and 93.86% as Ni in 4.0 mol of Na$_2$S under pH 9.0$\sim$10.0, 240 rpm for 0.5 hours. The concentration of residual CN by alkaline-chlorination was 0.21 mg/L(removal efficiencies: 95.33%) under the following conditions; 1st Oxidation : pH 10.0, ORP 350 mV, reaction time 0.5 hours, 2nd Oxidation : pH 8.0, ORP 650 mV, reaction time 0.5 hours. It is important to note that the removal of free and complex metal cyanide from the electroplating wastewater should be employed by chromium reduction, Fe/Zn coprecipitation and, sulfide precipitation, followed by alkaline-chlorination for the Korean permissible limit of wastewater discharge, where the better results could be found as compared to the preceding paper as indicated in practical treatment(I).