• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.153-160
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was done to examine the level of compliance and the relation of related factors of nosocomial infection control among nurses in emergency rooms. The data will provide fundamental information for developing programs for nosocomial infection control in the emergency room. Method: Study participants were 183 nurses working in emergency rooms in general hospitals that had more than 500 beds and were located in Daegu, Daejeun, and Pusan. The survey was carried out from March 7 to March 26, 2006 and a structured questionnaire was used. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Sheffe test with SPSS 14.0 were used to analyze the data. Results: The average level for practice of infection control was relatively low Levels of compliance were high when the participants had: 1) regular conferences for nosocomial infection control, 2) positive perception of protection devices, 3) knowledge of whom to report and experiences of reporting needle stick injuries, 4) hospital guidelines for infection control and 5) enough equipment supplies from the hospital. Conclusion: Nosocomial infection control among emergency room nurses could be improved via personal, psychosocial, and organizational factors and related education.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.40-49
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate nursing students' exposure experience to infectious diseases and their knowledge and performance for the nosocomial infection control. Method: The data was obtained from 292 nursing students having clinical experience at two university hospitals in Seoul from November 2005 to February 2006. Specific questionnaire was constructed and used for this study. The obtained data was analyzed by using the SPSS window program. Result: The results were as follow : 1. Among the evaluation scores of knowledge for the nosocomial infection control, the score of sterilization and the score of the intravenous therapy management were low(.14). 2. Among the evaluation scores of performance for the nosocomial infection control, the score of hand washing is low(1.63). 3. 86.3 percent of the nursing students had exposure experience to infectious disease. Many of them did not use the protective equipments in clinical experience nor took any treatment after the exposure to infectious diseases. Conclusion: Based on these results, we suggest that the programs for the nosocomial infection control should be developed for nursing students. It is also suggested that nursing students should be educated before their clinical experience to keep protected from the infection. In particular, the hand washing, sterilization and intravenous therapy management should be emphasized in the educational programs.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.189-202
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• 2008

The aim of this study was conducted to investigate the level of awareness and performance of the physical therapists on nosocomial infection and evaluate potential factors as associated with awareness and performance in order to provide fundamental data for the development of program and policy on the prevention of it. The data were collected from 405 physical therapists. The research instrument was self-administered standardized questionnaire including general characteristics, education status, necessity of the education on nosocomial infection, and awareness and performance for prevention of nosocomial infection. Responses were determined as 5-Likert scales and data were summarized as percentage, mean and standard deviation. Data were analysed using independent t-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficient(${\alpha}=0.05$). The results of this study show that most physical therapists have not received education on nosocomial infection. For this reason, they have a low level of the awareness and performance on nosocomial infection, but they strongly recognize the necessity of the program and education for the prevention of nosocomial infection. Thus, these program and education are needed in each college as an academic curriculum, as well as in hospitals.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.64-74
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• 2024

Purpose: Despite the recent increased number of nosocomial measles, the outbreak investigation reports are not usually standardized, thus posing unclear understanding of magnitude of its public health burden. We used the Outbreak Reports and Intervention Studies of Nosocomial Infection (ORION) statement, to compare nosocomial outbreaks and synthesize evidence to prevent hospital transmission of measles. Methods: A PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane search in English, using the medical subject headings "measles," "nosocomial," "hospital," and "healthcare," was performed. We evaluated the quality of outbreak reports of nosocomial measles infection worldwide using the ORION statement findings and recommendations. Results: We reviewed 24 studies in accordance to the ORION statement. Measles transmission in healthcare settings is a significant burden on the morbidity, mortality, and economy of measles. The healthcare workers' booster vaccination guidelines should be monitored and enhanced during the post-elimination period of measles. The outcomes of infections must be explicit for outbreak reports. Conclusions: This study identified the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of nosocomial measles infections and provided strong evidence for infection control policies in hospitals.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.13
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• pp.5349-5353
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• 2014

Statistical methods to analyze and predict the related risk factors of nosocomial infection in lung cancer patients are various, but the results are inconsistent. A total of 609 patients with lung cancer were enrolled to allow factor comparison using Student's t-test or the Mann-Whitney test or the Chi-square test. Variables that were significantly related to the presence of nosocomial infection were selected as candidates for input into the final ANN model. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the performance of the artificial neural network (ANN) model and logistic regression (LR) model. The prevalence of nosocomial infection from lung cancer in this entire study population was 20.1% (165/609), nosocomial infections occurring in sputum specimens (85.5%), followed by blood (6.73%), urine (6.0%) and pleural effusions (1.82%). It was shown that long term hospitalization (${\geq}22days$, P= 0.000), poor clinical stage (IIIb and IV stage, P=0.002), older age (${\geq}61days$ old, P=0.023), and use the hormones were linked to nosocomial infection and the ANN model consisted of these four factors. The artificial neural network model with variables consisting of age, clinical stage, time of hospitalization, and use of hormones should be useful for predicting nosocomial infection in lung cancer cases.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.327-334
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was done to examine the awareness and management practice of operating room nurses, to prevent nosocomial infection, to identify problems and to propose solutions. Method: The research tools used were the hospital infection control guideline and a modified version of the measurment tools used in the study of Cho (1998). The questionnaire consisted of questions on hand washing, personal hygiene and clothes control, cleaning and environment control, sterilizing supplies and disposal of contaminated materials. The collected data were analysed with the SPSS program. Results: The mean score for domain-specific awareness of nosocomial infection control was 4.81 out of a possible 5 points. The highest score was for sterilizing supplies and disposal of contaminated materials. The mean score for domain-specific practices of nosocomial infection control was 4.40, out of a possible 5 points. Sterilizing supplies and disposal of contaminated materials had the highest scores. The mean score for awareness in all domains was higher than mean score for practice. Among the general characteristics of the nurses, high awareness was found only in the provision of infection control guidelines and it had shown statistically significant difference. Examination of relation of general characteristics to practice showed that for age, career, the provision of infection control guidelines, and experience in infection control education there were statistically significant differences in the scores. For the relation between awareness of nosocomial infection control and practice, positive correlation was found in all domains, thus high awareness leads to high practice. Conclusion: Considering the result of this research, plans are needed that promote virtual practice of hospital infection control.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.375-385
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• 2008

Purpose: This study is to identify factors affecting on the level of practice on nosocomial infection management of operating room nurses. Methods: The subjects of this study were 155 nurses who worked in operating rooms of six medical centers in located Gwangju and Chonanam area. Data were collected during October, 2006 by the questionnaire including a total of 124 questions. Data collected were analysed with use of SPSS 12.0 program. Results: There was a significant difference of the level of practice by marital status(t=3.957, p=.048), education level(F=3.691, p=.027), position(F=6.588, p=.002), type of hospital(t=4.857, p=.029), number of nurse(F=4.243, p=.007), education about nosocomial infection management(F=3.069, p=.030), management council(t=6.397, p=.012) and management manual(t=6.961, p=.009). There were significant correlations between knowledge and practice (r=.389, p=.000), and between awareness and practice(r=.389, p=.000). Knowledge on nosocomial infection management, awareness of hands washing and positions were affecting factors on the level of practice. Conclusion: This study suggests that knowledge and awareness on nosocomial infection prevention and management of operating room nurses should be improved through consistent education. and support of administrator's of hospitals is needed.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.719-726
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• 2002

Purpose : Neonates in neonatal intensive care units(NICU) have a high risk of acquiring nosocomial infection because of their impaired host defence mechanism and invasive procedures. Nosocomial infection result in considerable morbidity and mortality among neonates. This study was carried out to survey both the epidemiology of nosocomial infection in our NICU and the annual trends of pathogens. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed culture proven nosocomial infection which occurred in our NICU from January 1995 to December 1999. The data included clinical characteristics, site of infection, pathogens, and mortality. Results : Nosocomial infection rates was 9.0 per 100 NICU admissions during the five-year period. Major sites of infection were bloodstream(32.3%), skin(18.4%), endotracheal tube(17.2%), and catheter(10.6%). The most common pathogen was S. aureus(29.9%). and the others were coagulase- negative staphylococci(CONS)(14.8%), Enterobacter(12.4%), and Candida(9.0%). During the five-year period, nosocomial infection rates increased from 9.5 to 11.6 per 100 admissions with the increase of CONS, Candida, Klebsiella, and Acinetobacter baumannii. The infection rate of S. aureus decreased. Multiple episodes of nosocomial infection occurred in 26.1% of all nosocomial infections. Overall bloodstream infection rates were 3.6 per 100 NICU admissions during five years. CONS(29.1%) and S. aureus(27.1%) were the two most common pathogens. Increasing rates of bloodstream infection by CONS, Candida, Klebsiella, and Acinetobacter baumannii were observed. Bloodstream infection related mortality was 11.9%. Conclusion : The predominant pathogens of nosocomial infection in NICU were S. aureus and CONS. Bloodstream infection, the most frequent nosocomial infection, should be a major focus of surveillance and prevention efforts in NICU.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.118-123
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• 2012

Nosocomial infection and community-acquired infection with Staphylococcus aureus, especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), has become a strong concern in human body sites and related effects. The aim of this study is investigate the isolation rate of MRSA from nasal cavity inferior regions and cellular phones to assess the risk factor of nosocomial infection and community-acquired infection. 34.7% and 37.2% isolates were MRSA from the nasal cavity inferior regions and cellular phones according to a Mannitol salt agar (added oxacillin $6{\mu}g/mL$) culture and PCR according to S. aureus specific 16S rRNA and mecA primers. Thus, the distribution of S. aureus and the isolation rate of MRSA represent a very high risk factor regards nosocomial infection and community-acquired infection.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.255-266
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• 1999

This study was done to analyze the effects of a smear in the nasal cavity against nosocomial Infection. The smear used was mupirocin, and the study centered on infection which constitutes the majority of nosocomial infections called MRSA. The data were collected between March 23 1998 and June 31 of the same year in a university hospital in the Kyongi Province, and is made up of a experimental group of 14 patients who were given nasal cavity smears and a control group of 16 patients who were not given nasal cavity smears. The data were analyzed through frequency and the Chi-square tests and gave forth these results. 1. Of the experimental group 28.6% developed nosocomial infections while 62.5% of the control group developed infections. This difference was significant. 2. In the experimental group, all of the patients developed infections within the first week in the ICU, while 80% of the control group developed infections in the first week and 20% in the second week. The difference was not as marked here. 3. In the experimental group the DM group 66.7% contracted MRSA while 18.2% developed it in the non-DM group showing that the DM group had infection rate was 3.7 times higher than the non-DM groups. In the control group the DM group had a 100% infection rate while 50% of the non-DM group developed it. Overall the DM group's rate infection was 2.4 times higher than the non-DM group. 4. In the experimental group, 37.55% of the patients who had a tracheostomy developed it while 16.7% of the patients who did not have a tracheostomy developed infections. In the control group, 62.5% of the patients who had tracheostomy, and 37.5% of the patients who did not have tracheostomies developed infections. Those who had tracheostomies, and the control group had double the rate contracting infections. From these results we can see that nasal cavity smears are effective against nosocomial infections. In spite of the smears, patients with the diabetes mellitus had a high MRSA infection rate, which requires new alternative treatments.