• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2007년도 정기 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.333-338
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• 2007

The concept of "Allowable Load Set (ALS)" introduced by the author allows an easy understanding of load and strength characteristics of a structure in relation to its integrity under uncertainties. Two criteria of safety are introduced: A relative safety index denotes the distance to the boundary of the ALS and a normalized safety index is a distance in terms of functional value. They have been utilized in several examples, including multi-body mechanical systems such as a biomechanical system. Both formulations amount to robust designs in the sense that designs most insensitive to uncertainties are obtained in the context of newly defined safety indices, without using any input probability information.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.339-351
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• 2016

For the safety of sea, it is important to monitor sea fog, one of the dangerous meteorological phenomena which cause marine accidents. To detect and monitor sea fog, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data which is capable to provide spatial distribution of sea fog has been used. The previous automatic sea fog detection algorithms were focused on detecting sea fog using Terra/MODIS only. The improved algorithm is based on the sea fog detection algorithm by Wu and Li (2014) and it is applicable to both Terra and Aqua MODIS data. We have focused on detecting spring season sea fog events in the Yellow Sea. The algorithm includes application of cloud mask product, the Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI), the STandard Deviation test using infrared channel ($STD_{IR}$) with various window size, Temperature Difference Index(TDI) in the algorithm (BTCT - SST) and Normalized Water Vapor Index (NWVI). Through the calculation of the Hanssen-Kuiper Skill Score (KSS) using sea fog manual detection result, we derived more suitable threshold for each index. The adjusted threshold is expected to bring higher accuracy of sea fog detection for spring season daytime sea fog detection using MODIS in the Yellow Sea.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.815-824
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• 2022

It is necessary to understand the amount of snowfall and area of snow cover of Mt. Halla to ensure the safety of mountaineers and to protect the ecosystem of Mt. Halla against climate change. However, there are not enough related studies and observation posts for monitoring snow load. Therefore, to supplement the insufficient data, this study proposes an analysis of snow load and snow cover using normalized-difference snow index. Using the images obtained from the Sentinel2 satellite, the normalized-difference snow index image of Mt. Halla could be acquired. This was examined together with the meteorological data obtained from the existing observatory to analyze the change in snow cover for the years 2020 and 2021. The normalized-difference snow index images showed a smaller snow pixel number in 2021 than that in 2020. This study concluded that 2021 may have been warmer than 2020. In the future, it will be necessary to continuously monitor the amount of snow and the snow-covered area of Mt. Halla using the normalized-difference snow index image analysis method.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제56권12호
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• pp.871-881
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 영주댐 하류 하천을 대상으로 2차원 수치모형인 Nays2DH를 적용하여 펄스방류 등 다양한 유량 조건에서 하류 하천의 역동성을 파악하기 위해 하도의 지형변화 특성 및 하상기복지수를 분석하였다. 수치모의에 적용되는 유량패턴은 등류 흐름, 정규화된 단일홍수, 펄스방류, 그리고 정규화된 펄스방류 등 4개의 유형이다. 수치모의 결과, 정규화를 적용한 펄스방류 조건일 때 하상고 및 하도의 변화가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 총 하상 변화량은 등류 흐름 조건일 때 29.88 m, 정규화된 단일 홍수 조건일 때 27.46 m, 펄스 방류일 때 29.63 m 그리고 정규화된 펄스 방류일 때 31.87 m로이며, 이 조건에서 세굴과 퇴적의 변동 폭이 가장 크게 나타났다. 하상기복지수(BRI)를 분석한 결과, 등류 조건, 펄스방류, 그리고 정규화된 펄스방류 조건은 시간이 지날수록 BRI가 증가한다. 그러나, 정규화된 단일홍수에서는 첨두유량(14 hrs) 이후 30 hrs 까지 BRI가 급격하게 증가하지만, 그 이후부터는 증가 폭이 점점 감소하고, 56 hrs부터는 감소하였다. 수치모의가 끝날 때(72 hrs) BRI는 등류일 때 2.95, 정규화된 단일홍수일 때 3.31, 펄스방류일 때 3.34, 정규화된 펄스방류일 때 3.78이다. 따라서, 정규화된 펄스방류가 단일홍수나 등류보다 더 큰 역동성을 줄 수 있고, 하류로 갈수록 역동성이 커지면서 댐 하류하천의 환경개선에 효과를 가져올 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.430-439
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• 2010

Inundation of roads by heavy rainfall has attracted more attention than traffic accidents, traffic congestion, and construction because it simultaneously causes travel delays and threatens driver safety. For these reasons, in this paper, we propose an inundation hazard index (IHI) of road links, which shows the possibility of inundation of road links caused by rainfall. To generate the index, we have used two key data sources, namely the digital elevation model (DEM) and past rainfall records of when inundation has occurred. IHI is derived by statistically analyzing the relationships between the normalized relative height of the road links calculated from DEM within the watershed and past rainfall records. After analyzing the practical applicability of the proposed index with a commercial car navigation system through a set of tests, we confirmed that the proposed IHI could be implemented to choose safer routes, with reduced chances of encountering roads having inundation risks.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제56권11호
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• pp.729-735
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• 2023

다중분광센서인 Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)는 지표 및 대기 산출물을 통해 다양한 분야에서 활발한 연구가 진행되어 왔다. MODIS는 발사된지 20년이 지났고, 비슷한 특성의 이를 대체할 만한 자료의 필요성이 지속적으로 제기되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 2011년에 발사된 Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) 위성의 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) sensor에서 제공하는 지표 산출물 중 지표면 온도(Land Surface Temperature, LST)와 식생 지수인 정규식생지수(Normalized Differences Vegetation Index, NDVI)를 소개하고, 기존의 MODIS에서 제공되는 자료와의 비교 및 검증을 통해 연구 지역인 남한에서의 지역적인 적용성을 파악하고자 한다. 지표면 온도와 식생 활력은 농업적인 가뭄을 발생시키는 주요한 인자로써, 남한의 극심한 가뭄기간인 2014년과 2015년을 대상으로 가뭄의 시공간적인 변동성을 분석하여, VIIRS 산출물의 활용 가능성을 파악하였다.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제3권5호
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• pp.415-422
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• 2019

Retroreflection of vehicle headlights, as induced by spherical glass beads, is a key optical phenomenon that provides road-surface markings with greatly enhanced visibility, thus better securing a driver's safety in the nighttime as well as in unclear daytime. Retroreflectance of glass beads is a quite sensitive function of their refractive index, so that measurement of the refractive index of glass specifically in the shape of spherical beads needs to be performed within a reasonable uncertainty that is tolerable for road-marking applications. The Becke line method has been applied in assessing refractive index of such glass beads as e.g. an industrial standard in the Republic of Korea; however, the reference refractive-index liquids are not commercially available these days for refractive index greater than 1.80 due to the toxicity of the constituent materials. As such, high-refractive-index glass beads require an alternate method, and in this regard we propose a practically serviceable technique with uncertainty tantamount to that of the Becke line method: Based on comparison of calculated and measured retroreflectance values of commercial glass beads, we discover that their refractive index can be determined with reasonable precision via the retroreflectance measurement. Specifically, in this study the normalized retroreflectance originating from a single glass sphere is computed as a function of refractive index using the Fresnel equations, which is then validated as coinciding well with retroreflectance values measured from actual specimens, i.e. glass-bead aggregates. The uncertainties involved are delineated in connection with radius and imperfections of the glass beads.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제39권5_4호
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• pp.1135-1144
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• 2023

국내 농업용 저수지는 1970년 이전에 축조되어 준공 년도가 50년 이상 된 노후화된 시설이 대다수이며, 소규모 저수지는 기본 제원 및 수위 등을 파악할 수 있는 계측시스템이 없는 미계측 저수지이다. 준공 이후 호우발생 시 퇴적된 토사 유입, 퇴사량 증가에 따른 저수지 용량 감소 및 산업 고도화에 따른 수질악화 등은 저수지의 용수공급능력을 저하시키고 형상 변화를 야기한다. 따라서, 디지털 정보 및 원격탐사 정보를 결합한 계측 기술을 활용하여 미계측 저수지 수체 모니터링을 위한 공간정보 구축 방안이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 지표면의 고도정보와 형태를 파악할 수 있는 Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) 센서를 활용하여 저수지 시설물의 고해상도 Digital Surface Model (DSM), Digital Elevation Model (DEM) 자료를 구축하고, 멀티빔(MultiBeam) 음향 측심기 기반 수심측량 정보의 융합을 통해 디지털 공간정보 융합 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 드론용 LiDAR를 활용하여 공간해상도 50 cm의 DSM 및 DEM 자료를 구축하여, 저수지 제방, 여수로, 용수로 등의 수리시설물의 디지털 공간정보를 구축하였다. 다분광 영상을 활용하여 수체를 탐지하기 위해 정규식생지수(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI), 정규수분지수(Normalized Difference Water Index, NDWI)를 산정하여, 저수지의 수표면을 산정하였다. 또한, 고해상도 DEM 자료는 수심측량 자료와 융합하여 수심도를 작성하였으며, Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN)로부터 저수지 만수면적 및 체적을 산정하였다. LiDAR 센서 및 멀티빔 기반의 수심측량, 광학위성자료 영상 및 다중분광 드론영상을 활용한 수체 탐지 기술 등의 공간정보 융합은 미계측 저수지의 디지털 인프라를 구축하여 저수지의 가용용수공급능력을 모니터링 하기 위한 기초자료로서 활용성이 높을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제62권6호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2020

Reservoir storage and water level information is essential for accurate drought monitoring and prediction. In particular, the agricultural drought has increased the risk of agricultural water shortages due to regional bias in reservoirs and water supply facilities, which are major water supply facilities for agricultural water. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the available water capacity of the reservoir, and it is necessary to determine the water surface area and water capacity. Remote sensing provides images of temporal water storage and level variations, and a combination of both measurement techniques can indicate a change in water volume. In areas of ungauged water volume, satellite remote sensing image acts as a powerful tool to measure changes in surface water level. The purpose of this study is to estimate of reservoir storage and level variations using satellite remote sensing image combined with hydrological statistical data and the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI). Water surface areas were estimated using the Sentinel-2 satellite images in Seosan, Chungcheongnam-do from 2016 to 2018. The remote sensing-based reservoir storage estimation algorithm from this study is general and transferable to applications for lakes and reservoirs. The data set can be used for improving the representation of water resources management for incorporating lakes into weather forecasting models and climate models, and hydrologic processes.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.394-413
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• 2010

The object of this paper is to identify the key elements that impact a radiation dose at EAB (Exclusion Area Boundary). This study is based on the AST (Alternative Source Terms) as defined in Regulatory Guide 1.183. The LOCA (Loss of Coolant Accident) and the LRA (Locked Rotor Accident) are selected as limiting cases. A sensitivity analysis of accidental behavior with respect to various parameters during LOCA and LRA at Kori Unit 1 is also undertaken for the following objectives: to determine the limiting parameters, to find the impact trend of the radiation dose, and to find the safety margin between AST and TID (Technical Information Document) methodologies. This work confirms that key parameters are particulate removal rate, decontamination factor, iodine chemical form, gap fraction, partitioning factor, and the impact of isotopes group. Comparing TID with AST, the radiation dose of TID is about 80% greater than that of AST under a LOCA, and about 60% greater than that of AST for the case of a LRA; thus the safety margin is remarkably increased when the AST is used. In this work, the sensitivity analysis results are presented in terms of a sensitivity index called the "NDD (Normalized Dose Difference)", which compares the impact of parameters with that of a reference case. These values are derived by using a combination of the leak rate (primary to secondary), iodine chemical form, gap fraction, partitioning factor, spray removal rate, source term, and other variables.