• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.988-995
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• 2000

각 모듈들의 위치가 배치 알고리즘에 의해 결정된 후에도 모듈들을 종축 또는 횡축을 중심으로 뒤집거나 회전시킴으로써 회로의 효율성과 연결성을 향상시킬 수 있다. 고집적 회로설계의 한 단계인 모듈방향 결정 문제는 모듈간에 연결된 선의 길이의 합이 최소가 되도록 각 모듈의 방향을 결정하는 문제이다. 최근에 평균장 어닐링 방법이 조합적 최적화 문제에 사용되어 좋은 결과를 보여 주고 있다. 평균장 어닐링은 신경회로망의 따른 수렴 특성과 시뮬레이티드 어닐링의 우수한 해를 생성하는 특성이 결합된 방법이다. 본 논문에서는 정규화된 평균장 어닐링을 사용해서 모듈 방향 결정 문제를 해결하였고 실험을 통해 기존의 Hopfield 네트워크 방법과 시뮬레이티드 어닐링과 그 결과를 비교하였다. 시뮬레이티드 어닐링, 정규화된 평균장 어닐링과 Hopfield 네트워크의 총 길이 감소율은 각각 19.86%, 19.85%, 19.03%였으며, 정규화된 평균장 어닐링의 실행 시간은 Hopfield 네트워크보다는 1.1배, 시뮬레이티드 어닐링보다는 11.4배 정도 빨랐다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.1-6
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• 2013

It is introduced the phase error sources of a incoherent hologram in incoherent triangular holography and derived the reconstruction image of point-source including the phase error in the lateral direction. From the reconstruction image of point-source, we analyzed the effect of phase error on the lateral resolution. When the phase retardation errors and azimuth angle error of a wave plate and a polarizer range from 0 to $2{\pi}/15$, the normalized intensities of reconstructed images are down by about 0.1% and 2.3%, respectively.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.07d
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• pp.2995-2997
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• 2005

통신망에서 최적 적응 반향제거기(Echo Canceller; EC)는 반향성분이 길게 존재하는 환경에서도 실시간으로 동작할 수 있도록 알고리즘이 간결하여야 하며, 시간에 따라 빠르게 변하는 동특성의 반향경로에서도 동작을 보장할 수 있도록 빠른 수렴특성을 갖아야 한다. 또한, 전화망에서 수십 [ms] 이상의 지연이 발생 할 경우에도 반향제거 성능이 우수해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 조건을 만족시키기 위해 오차의 크기에 따라 수렴속도를 가변시키는 오차적응 NLMS(Error-Adaptive NLMS) 알고리즘을 제안하였으며, 시뮬레이션을 통해 일반적으로 사용되는 LMS(Least Mean Square) 알고리즘과 이를 개선한 NLMS(Normalized LMS) 알고리즘과 성능을 비교하였다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

Effect of Surface roughness on nanoscale adhesion was studied experimentally by using colloidal probe technique. Glass micro balls having the radius of $3.3\~17.4{\mu}m$ were glued at the end of AFM cantilevers to prepare colloidal probes. Adhesion force between the colloidal probe and Si-wafer was measured using pull-off force measuring method. Results showed that the measured adhesion forces are not the function of the radius of the glued balls because the ball surfaces are rough. It is also found that roughness parameters such as $R_a,\;R_q\;and\;R_{max}$ do not have important role on nanoscale adhesion. In order to find the effect of surface roughness on nanoscale adhesion, the bearing areas were extracted from the measured topography of glued balls. After normalizing the measured adhesion force with the bearing area, it was found that the normalized adhesion force kept constant as function of the radius of glued ball.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.172-180
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• 2005

Image resampling according to epipolar geometry is an important prerequisite for a variety of photogrammetric tasks. Established procedures for resampling frame images according to epipolar geometry are not suitable for scenes captured by line cameras. In this paper, the mathematical model describing epipolar lines in scenes captured by line cameras moving with constant velocity and attitude is established and analyzed. The choice of this trajectory is motivated by the fact that many line cameras can be assumed to follow such a flight path during the short duration of a scene capture (especially when considering space-borne imaging platforms). Experimental results from synthetic along-track and across-track stereo-scenes are presented. For these scenes, the deviations of the resulting epipolar lines from straightness, as the camera's angular field of view decreases, are quantified and presented.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1137-1142
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• 2010

This paper studied the speech parameters less affected by the human emotion for the development of the robust speech recognition system. For this purpose, the effect of emotion on the speech recognition system and robust speech parameters of speech recognition system were studied using speech database containing various emotions. In this study, mel-cepstral coefficient, delta-cepstral coefficient, RASTA mel-cepstral coefficient and frequency warped mel-cepstral coefficient were used as feature parameters. And CMS (Cepstral Mean Subtraction) method were used as a signal bias removal technique. Experimental results showed that the HMM based speaker independent word recognizer using vocal tract length normalized mel-cepstral coefficient, its derivatives and CMS as a signal bias removal showed the best performance of 0.78% word error rate. This corresponds to about a 50% word error reduction as compare to the performance of baseline system using mel-cepstral coefficient, its derivatives and CMS.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.66-69
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• 2001

A subsurface containment system which is constructed by pumping a gelling liquid (Colloidal Silica) into the unsaturated medium is investigated by developing a mathematical model and conducting numerical simulations. The proposed model is verified by comparing experimentally and numerically determined hydraulic conductivities of gel-treated soil columns at different Colloidal Silica (CS) injection volumes. The numerical experiments indicate that an impermeable gel layer is formed within the time period twice the gel-point. At the Same normalized time, the CS solutions with lower NaCl concentrations result ill further migration and poor Performance in plugging the pore space.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.333-336
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• 2006

A new forming method for metal/ other metal two-layer tubes by multi-billet extrusion (MBE) is introduced. The forming possibilities of two-layer tubes CDA 365(inner)/Al 1100(outer) and Al 2014(inner)/Al 1100(outer) by MBE are investigated according to the given frictional condition and die profile. The results show that two-layer tube composed by two types tube as abovementioned can be manufactured by MBE. Some stated variables in the forming process such as effective stress and normalized pressure at welding surface are analyzed by FEM code ($DEFORM^{TM}$-3D)

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.447-459
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• 2015

Dok island comprises Pliocene volcanic products such as a series of volcanoclastic rocks and lavas ranging in composition from alkali basalts, and trachyandesites to trachytes. Compositional variation of the basaltic rocks can be attributed to fractional crystallization of olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and magnetite. Chemical variations among the trachyandesites are caused by fractionation of clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and magnetite with minor amphibole, while trachytes are controlled mainly by feldspar fractionation. Incompatible element abundance ratios and chondrite normalized LREE/HREE ratios (e.g., (La/Yb)c: 24.8 to 32.8 for basalts, 15.6 to 31.2 for trachyandesites) suggest that the origins of the basalts and trachyandesites involve both different degrees of partial melting and subsequent fractional crystallization processes. Trace element ratios of the basalts from Dok island are characterized by high Ba/Nb, La/Nb, Ba/Th and Th/U and isotopic ratios (Tasumoto and Nakamura, 1991) that are similar to the EM 1 type of oceanic island basalts such as Gough and Tristan da Cunha basalts.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.5-9
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• 2000

Several nonpharmacological treatment methods of insomnia and their effects were reviewed. A long-term use of most hypnotics may produce tolerance, dependence, cognitive and psychomotor impairments at daytime, shallow sleep, and rebound insomnia on drug withdrawal. To reduce hypnotic abuse, nonpharmacological strategies have been developed to correct disordered behavioral and cognitive factors. These treatments aim at modifying maladaptive sleep habits, lowering physiological and cognitive arousal levels, and correcting dysfuctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep. These non-pharmacological or cognitive behavior treatments include stimulus control, sleep restriction, relaxation training, sleep hygiene education, cognitive therapy, and light therapy. Among them the stimulus control therapy has been demonstrated most effective as a single treatment or in combination with other treatments. Through nonpharmacological treatments, sleep latency was most significantly reduced and wake time after sleep onset was also reduced. About 50% of insomniacs reported clinical improvements in terms of nearly normalized sleep latency, awakening time, sleep efficiency, and reduction of hypnotic use. Compared to the hypnotic therapy, nonpharmacological treatments are more cost-effective and more readily accepted by patients, and their effects last longer.