• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.699-707
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• 2013

This study was conducted to examine the effects of Cheonggukjang powder made using black foods on liver function and lipid composition in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The experimental animals were divided into 5 groups and fed the following for 7 weeks; normal diet(control), STZ+normal diet(Diabetic), STZ+50% soybean Cheonggukjang supplementation(DSC), STZ+44.5% yakkong Cheonggukjang supplementation(DYC), and STZ+supplementation with 50% yakkong black food(black rice, black sesame seeds, and sea tangle) Cheonggukjang(DYCB). The results showed that the body weight gain and food efficiency ratio of the STZ-induced diabetic groups were significantly lower than those of the control group. In the Diabetic group, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT) activities and total bilirubin content in serum were significantly greater than those in the control group. However, supplementation with Cheonggukjang reduced these values. In the Diabetic group, the triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein(LDL)-cholesterol contents in the serum and liver tissue, as well as the atherogenic index(AI) and cardiac risk factors(CRF) were significantly higher than the corresponding values in the control group, although the high-density lipoprotein(HDL)-cholesterol and phospholipid contents were significantly lower than those in the control group. However, supplementation with Cheonggukjang normalized the changed lipid composition in the STZ-induced diabetic rats. Further, yakkong Cheonggukjang and black food contaning yakkong Cheonggukjang normalized AI and CRF.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.87-102
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• 2005

In the congested urban areas, tunnelling close to existing structures or services often occurs due to the lack of surface space so that tunnelling-induced ground movements may cause a serious damage to the adjacent structures. This study focused on the two dimensional laboratory model pile-soil-tunnelling interaction tests using a close range photogrammetric technique. Testing equipments and procedures were Introduced, particularly features of aluminium rods regarded as the frictional granular material. The experimental result showed that the photo imaging process by the VMS and EngVis programs proved to be a useful tool in measuring the pile tip movements during the tunnelling. Consequently, the normalised pile tip movement data for the influence zones can be generated by the laboratory model tests using the Photogrammetric technique. This study presents influence zones associated with the normalized pile tip settlements due to tunnelling in the cohesionless material. The influence zones were Identified by both a laboratory model test and a numerical analysis. The normalized pile tip movements from the model test were in good agreement with the numerical analysis result. The influence zones proposed in this study could be used to decide the reasonable location of tunnel construction in the planning stage. However, the scale of model pile and model tunnel sizes must be carefully adjusted as real ones for practical application considering the ground conditions at a given site.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.83 no.4
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• pp.441-449
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• 1994

The two reflective channels(red and near infrared spectrum) of advanced very high resolution radiometer(AVHRR) data were used to classify primary vegetation cover types in the Korean Peninsula. From the NOAA-11 satellite data archive of 1991, 27 daytime scenes of relatively minimum cloud coverage were obtained. After the initial radiometric calibration, normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) was calculated for each of the 27 data sets. Four or five daily NDVI data were then overlaid for each of the six months starting from February to November and the maximum value of NDVI was retained for every pixel location to make a monthly composite. The six bands of monthly NDVI composite were nearly cloud free and used for the computer classification of vegetation cover. Based on the temporal signatures of different vegetation cover types, which were generated by an unsupervised block clustering algorithm, every pixel was classified into one of the six cover type categories. The classification result was evaluated by both qualitative interpretation and quantitative comparison with existing forest statistics. Considering frequent data acquisition, low data cost and volume, and large area coverage, it is believed that AVHRR data are effective for vegetation cover type mapping at regional scale.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.471-482
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• 2016

This paper presents an extraction method for water body which uses block-based image partitioning and extension of water body boundaries to improve the performance of supervised classification for water body extraction. The Mahalanobis distance image is created by computing the spectral information of Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and Near Infrared (NIR) band images over a training site within the water body in order to extract an initial water body area. To reduce the effect of noise contained in the Mahalanobis distance image, we apply mean curvature diffusion to the image, which controls diffusion coefficients based on connectivity strength between adjacent pixels and then extract the initial water body area. After partitioning the extracted water body image into the non-overlapping blocks of same size, we update the water body area using the information of water body belonging to water body boundaries. The update is performed repeatedly under the condition that the statistical distance between water body area belonging to water body boundaries and the training site is not greater than a threshold value. The accuracy assessment of the proposed algorithm was tested using KOMPSAT-2 images for the various block sizes between $11{\times}11$ and $19{\times}19$. The overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient of the algorithm varied from 99.47% to 99.53% and from 95.07% to 95.80%, respectively.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.471-482
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• 2000

Surface energy balance components were evaluated by Landsat TM data and GIS with meteorological data. Calibration and validation for the applicability of this methodology were made through the estimating of the large-scale evapotranspiration (ET). In addition, sensitivity and error analysis was conducted to see the effects of the surface energy balance components on ET and the accuracy of each components. Bochong-chon located on the upper part of Guem River basin was selected as the case study area. Spatial distribution map of ET were produced for five dates: Jan. 1, Apr. 3, May. 10, and Nov. 27, 1995. The study results showed tat ET was greatly varied with the aspect and theland use type on the surface. In the case of having northeast and southeast in the aspect, ET was linearly increased depending on growing net radiation. While surface temperature has a high value, NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) has a low value in the vegetated area. Therefore, ground heat flux was increased but ET was relatively decreased. The results of sensitivity and error analysis showed that net radiation is most sensitive and effective, ranging from 12.5% to 23.6% of sensitivity. Furthermore, the surface temperature, air temperature, and wind speed have the significant effects on ET estimation using remotely sensed data.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.131-149
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• 1999

It was found that surface roughness has a first-order effect on the interface shear strength and accordingly it should be accurately quantified if its role is to be properly understood. To quantify the surface topography, first of all, a variety of commonly used surface roughness parameters and profiling methods were reviewed in this study. Based on this review, the normalized roughness parameter. $R_n$(Uesugi and Kishida, 1986), the profile roughness parameter, $R_L$, and the surface roughness parameter, $R_n$(Dove and Frost, 1996), were selected to be appropriate candidates of roughness parameters and the digital image analysis based Optical Profile Microscopy(OPM) method(Dove and Frost, 1996) to be an appropriate profiling method for this study. Using a smooth and three textured HDPE geomembranes which encompass the range of textures and texture patterns commonly used, a series of roughness measurements on virgin and previously used geomembranes were performed. The results showed that both $R_L\; and\; R_S$ values appropriately reflect the degree of texturing for the geomembranes used in this study, however, $R_n$ value showed limited ranges of variation which may not be sufficient to permit distinction between roughness values for certain conditions. The results of this study will be extended to the investigation of the influence of surface roughness on interface strength in future study.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.655-661
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• 2013

In this paper, the 1/f noise characteristics of n-channel MOSFET (NMOSFET) and p-channel MOSFET (PMOSFET) are analyzed in depth as a function of body bias. The normalized drain current noise, $S_{ID}/I_D{^2}$ showed strong dependence on the body bias in the sub-threshold region for both NMOSFET and PMOSFET, and NMOSFET showed stronger dependence than PMOSFET on the body bias. On the contrary, both of NMOSFET and PMOSFET do not exhibit the dependence of $S_{ID}/I_D{^2}$ on body bias in strong inversion region, although the noise mechanisms of two MOSFETs are different from each other.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.3475-3481
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• 2014

This paper describes how primary contaminants in ambient air affect the performance of the cathode in fuel cell electric vehicle applications. The effect of four atmospheric pollutants ($SO_2$, $NH_3$, $NO_2$, and CO) on cathode performance was investigated by air impurity injection and recovery test under load. Electrochemical analysis via polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was performed for various concentrations of contaminants during the impurity test in order to determine the origins of performance decay. The variation in cell voltage derived empirically in this study and data reported in the literature were normalized and juxtaposed to elucidate the relationship between impurity concentration and performance. Mechanisms of cathode degradation by air impurities were discussed in light of the findings.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.140-148
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• 2017

Hyperlipidemia, which is closely associated with a fatty diet and aging, is commonly observed in the western and aged society. Therefore, a novel therapeutic approach for this disease is critical, and an immunological view has been suggested as a novel strategy, because hyperlipidemia is closely associated with inflammation and immune dysfunction. In this study, the effects of an aqueous extract of Rubus occidentalis (RO) in obese mice were investigated using immunological indexes. The mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce hyperlipidemia, which was confirmed by biochemical analysis and examination of the mouse physiology. Two different doses of RO and rosuvastatin, a cholesterol synthesis inhibitor used as a control, were orally administered. Disturbances in immune cellularity as well as lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production were significantly normalized by oral administration of RO, which also decreased the elevated serum tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ level and total cholesterol. The specific immune-related actions of RO comprised considerable improvement in cytotoxic T cell killing functions and regulation of antibody production to within the normal range. The immunological evidence confirms the significant cholesterol-lowering effect of RO, suggesting its potential as a novel therapeutic agent for hyperlipidemia and associated immune decline.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.235-240
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• 2010

This study was performed to comprehend the plasma proteins expressed specifically during early pregnancy in pregnant or non-pregnant Hanwoo using proteomic analysis technique. Plasma samples (0, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 11 weeks after AI) were obtained from pregnant (P, n=3) or non-pregnant (NP, n=4) Hanwoo, respectively. To evaluate proteins differentially expressed, 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) was conducted. Normalized protein spots were selected for the significant expression variation deviated over two fold in its expression level between two groups; Molecular functions of the proteins were DNA binding, protein binding, hemoglobin binding, ferrochelatase and transporter activity and arylestera, respectively. According to western blotting, haptoglobin was specifically expressed only in NP group during early pregnancy; however, paraoxonase 1 was highly expressed in pregnant group. Based on these results, pregnancy was maintained successfully by the activation of specific plasma proteins associated with immune system and antioxidant regulation during early pregnancy in Hanwoo.