• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.118-121
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• 2006

Variations in the extent and dispersal of river plume are important in the study of coastal environment. The objectives of this study are to examine relationship between satellite detected plume area and river discharge and to clarify the temporal and spatial dynamic of plume from Tokachi River, Hokaido, Japan. We used 1.1 km spatial resolution of SeaWiFS normalized water-leaving radiance (nLw) images from 1998 to 2002. Supervised maximum likelihood classification was implemented to define classes of surface water optical properties. Satellite observed plume area was correlated to the amount of river discharge from April to October. First mode (44% of variance) of EOF analysis shows the turbid plume distribution resulting from re-suspension by strong wind mixing along the coast during winter. This mode also shows plume distribution along-shelf direction in spring and late summer. Second mode (17% of variance) shows spring pattern across-shelf direction due to strong discharge of snow melting water.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.14-20
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• 2007

To improve abdominal muscles strengthening, double straight leg lowering (DSLL) has been widely used in physical therapy, fitness program, and athletic program. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the lumbar stabilization maneuver with a pressure biofeedback unit on the muscle activity of rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), and internal oblique (IO) during DSLL. Fourteen healthy young men were recruited from university population. The electromyography (EMG) activity was recorded from the RA, EO, and IO of both sides. The normalized EMG activity was compared using a paired t-test. The study showed that EMG activity in the RA, EO, and IO was significantly higher during DSLL with lumbar stabilization (DSLL-LS) compared to performed DSLL (p<.05). These results suggest that DSLL-LS is recommended as an effective method for strengthening exercise for the abdominal muscles.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 2008

In this study, we have estimated error of calculation results for 5-type RTP systems and investigated a toleration for error of the RTPs referenced from the evaluation items of AAPM Report-62. For this study, we have introduced the concept of 'normal dose rate(NDR)' and compared the results of experiment and calculation from RTPs at the same reference level. The results from all RTPs were satisfied at various field shapes and heterogeneous phantom materials except the surface irregularity.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.432-441
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• 2006

2D fluorescence sensors produce a great deal of spectral data during fermentation processes, which can be analyzed using a variety of statistical techniques. Principal component analysis (PCA) and a self-organizing map (SOM) were used to analyze these 2D fluorescence spectra and to extract useful information from them. PCA resulted in scores and loadings that were visualized in the score-loading plots and used to monitor various fermentation processes with recombinant Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The SOM was found to be a useful and interpretative method of classifying the entire gamut of 2D fluorescence spectra and of selecting some significant combinations of excitation and emission wavelengths. The results, including the normalized weights and variances, indicated that the SOM network is capable of being used to interpret the fermentation processes monitored by a 2D fluorescence sensor.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.76-85
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• 2017

Wall pressure measurements and flow visualization were conducted for a 90 degree elbow with an axis curvature radius the same as its inner diameter (125 mm). Reynolds numbers 320,000 and 500,000, based on the inner diameter and bulk velocity, were examined. A deflected inflow, having an almost constant velocity slope and a faster velocity at the inside, was introduced. Ensemble averaged pressure distributions showed that no difference of normalized pressure could be found in both the Reynolds number cases. Power spectral density functions of pressures exhibited that the fluctuation having the Strouhal number (based on the inner diameter and bulk velocity) of 0.6 existed in the downstream region of the elbow, which was 0.1 larger than that of the uniform inflow case [1]. Results of numerical calculations qualitatively coincided with the experimental ones.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.6 no.9
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• pp.2231-2252
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• 2012

With the prevalence of diverse services-oriented applications, such as IPTV systems and on-line games, the current underlying communication networks face more and more challenges on the aspects of flexibility and adaptability. Therefore, an effective and efficient multicast routing mechanism, which can fulfill different requirements of different personalized services, is critical and significant. In this paper, we first define the neighbor gradient, which is calculated based on the weighted sum of attributes such as residual link capacity, normalized hop count, etc. Then two distributed multicast routing algorithms which are neighbor Gradient-based Multicast Routing for Static multicast membership (GMR-S) and neighbor Gradient-based Multicast Routing for Dynamic multicast membership (GMR-D), are proposed. GMR-S is suitable for static membership situation, while GMR-D can be used for the dynamic membership network environment. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed methods.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.8-13
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• 2016

Superconducting properties of thin film MgB2 superconductors irradiated with 45 MeV ${\alpha}$-particle beam were studied. After the irradiation, enhancement of the critical current density and pinning force was observed, scaling close to strong pinning formula. Double logarithmic plots of the maximum pinning force density with irreversible magnetic field show a power law behavior close to carbon-doped MgB2 film or polycrystals. Variation of normalized pinning force density in the reduced magnetic field suggests scaling formulas for strong pinning mechanism like planar defects. We also observed a rapid decay of critical current density as the vortex lattice constant decreases, due to the strong interaction between vortices and increasing magnetic field.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.89-94
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• 2013

This paper presents a simple but valid design factor calculation method of grid-connected photovoltaic system using normalized yield model. The proposed calculation method can be represented as a quantitative value about five design factors from irradiance to system output power. The validity of this method is identified by analyzing design factor with three years monitored data. These results will indicate that it is useful to determine the optimal design and selection of grid-connected photovoltaic system to meet different user purposes and enhance long-term reliability and stability of grid-connected photovoltaic system.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.157-162
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• 2005

We report the magnetic-field dependence of the irreversible magnetization of binary superconductor $MgB_2$. For the temperature region of $T\;<\;0.9T_c$, the contribution of the bulk pinning to the magnetization overwhelms that of the surface pinning. This was evident from the fact that the magnetization curves, M(H), were well described by the critical-state model without considering the reversible magnetization and the surface pinning effect. It was also found that the M(H) curves at various temperatures scaled when the field and the magnetization were normalized by the characteristic caling factors H$\ast$(T) and M$\ast$(T), respectively. This feature suggests that the pinning mechanism determining the hysteresis in M(H) is unique below $T\;=\;T_c$.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.308-311
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• 2020

Extracts of ginseng species show antihyperglycemic activity. We evaluated the inhibitory effects of diabetic complications for Korean Red Ginseng (KRG), which is enriched in ginsenosides using Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. The animals were divided into one of four groups (n = 6~9): Long-Evans-Tokushima-Otsuka rats (control rats), OLETF rats, rats given 200 mg/kg KRG, and rats given 400 mg/kg KRG. We examined the protective potential of KRG against type 2 diabetic illnesses. The results exhibited that KRG showed significant antihyperglycemic and antioxidative effects in KRG-treated OLETF rats. And, our results proposed the amelioration of cardiac function through normalized ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and vascular reactivity. Furthermore, histopathological abnormalities in the OLETF rats were prevented by KRG treatment.