• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.55 no.12
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• pp.487-490
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• 2012

We report a case of isodicentric chromosome 15 (idic(15) chromosome), the presence of which resulted in uncontrolled seizures, including epileptic spasms, tonic seizures, and global developmental delay. A 10-month-old female infant was referred to our pediatric neurology clinic because of uncontrolled seizures and global developmental delay. She had generalized tonic-clonic seizures since 7 months of age. At referral, she could not control her head and presented with generalized hypotonia. Her brain magnetic resonance imaging scans and metabolic evaluation results were normal. Routine karyotyping indicated the presence of a supernumerary marker chromosome of unknown origin (47, XX +mar). An array-comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis revealed amplification from 15q11.1 to 15q13.1. Subsequent fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis confirmed a idic(15) chromosome. Array-CGH analysis has the advantage in determining the unknown origin of a supernumerary marker chromosome, and could be a useful method for the genetic diagnosis of epilepsy syndromes associated with various chromosomal aberrations.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.60 no.10
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• pp.312-319
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• 2017

Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of the Korean Developmental Screening Test (K-DST) for infants and children for developmental delay assessment. Methods: This study was based on retrospective studies of the results of the K-DST, Preschool Receptive-Expressive Language Scale (PRES), Sequenced Language Scale for Infants (SELSI), Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT), electroencephalography, magnetic resonance imaging, and extensive tests conducted in 209 of 1,403 patients, of whom 758 underwent the K-DST at the Korea University Guro Hospital between January 2015 and December 2016 and 645 were referred from local clinics between January 2015 and June 2016. Results: Based on the K-DST results, the male children significantly more frequently required further or follow-up examination than the female children in most test sections, except for gross motor. The male children had notably lower mean scores than the female children. The PRES/SELSI results showed that when more further or follow-up evaluations were required in the K-DST communication section, significantly more problems in language delay or disorder emerged. When further or follow-up evaluation was required in the cognitive section in the CARS/M-CHAT, the possibility of autism increased significantly. A child tended to score low in the CARS test and show autism when further or follow-up evaluation was recommended in the K-DST. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the usefulness of the K-DST as a screening test early in the development of infants and children in Korea. Data of normal control groups should be examined to determine the accuracy of this investigation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2000

In this paper, we study a cause of malfunction of switch to control drive motor in DFMS(Digital Flux Mapping System) which can measure incore neutron flux of the nuclear plant, and develope a method to solve this problem. DFMS has the type of generating contact signal by mechanical switch lever, which is operated whenever thimble detector inserted or withdrawed through thimble Guide Tube. However the characteristics of the lever tend to be changed by mechanical degrade or bad environment and the lever finally generates errotic contact signal. Therefore we installed electric coil ass'yin the outside of Guide Tube instead of mechanical switch assy's. In addition we applied resonance effect to control circuit and installed condenser in the input of power supply to protect noise and interference. After completion of this improvement, we tested this improved device repetitively under the various conditions. In conclusion, we identified the generation of the desired contact signal and the prevention of detector failure through plant surveillance test during normal plant operation.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.529-536
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to know clinical usefulness for fat suppression of the body curved portion compared with TSE-CHESS and TSE-SPAIR technique. A total of 25 normal volunteers without cervical spine disease were studied on a 3.0 T MRI scanner. As a quantitative analysis, PSNRs and CNRs were evaluated by using two methods for fat suppression of the body curved portion. As a results, PSNRs and CNRs for fat suppression were significantly greater for the TSE-SPAIR technique compared to TSE-CHESS technique. In conclusion, this study showed that a TSE-SPAIR technique has improved PSNRs and CNRs for evaluating of fat suppression in the body curved portion. These conclusions in the future will be provided information in diagnosis of fat suppression for the body curved portion.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2000

Background and Objective : Visual evoked potentials(VEPs) is considered to be a reliable diagnostic procedure for examining patients with anterior visual pathways. Some abnormalities in the recordings on monocular stimulation have been said to indicate retrochiasmal lesion, but less consistent results have been reported. This study is to evaluate the positive predictability of VEP for the detection of retrochiasmal lesion. Methods : We reviewed VEPs that could be interpreted as indicative of a retrochiasmal lesions, based on amplitude or latency asymmetry recorded on the left(O1) and right(O2) occipital regions. Bilateral absent VEPs on both recording(O1 and O2) without evidence of prechiasmal lesion were included. During 5 years, we identified 31 patients who met the above criteria and who had undergone magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) of brain(one patient underwent computerized tomography). Twenty three patients underwent pattern reversal VEPs and others underwent flash goggle VEPs. Results : Brain imagings were abnormal in 29 and were normal in 2. Of the 29 abnormal scans, lesions in posterior visual pathway were detected in 21 scans(predictive value=68%). The predictive value was not significantly different between flash goggle VEP(75%) and pattern reversal VEP(68%). The predictive value was higher in patient with visual field defect(100%) than those without visual field defect(25%). The pathologic nature of lesion also showed close relations to the predictive value. VEPs is usually paradoxically lateralized(78%), but not in all patients. Conclusion : VEPs abnormalities suggesting retrochiasmal lesion were usually corresponded with brain MRI findings. Diagnostic reliability could be increased when considering the visual field defect and nature of lesion. Therefore, the authors suggest that VEPs studies could be useful in evaluating the patients with the retrochismal lesion.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.19-22
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to evaluate time course of signal enhancement on Gadomer-17 enhance MRI, and to correlate the size of enhanced area with that of the infarct area on 2'3'5'-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride(TTC) histochemical examination for the assessment of myocardial viability in reperfused Myocardial Infarction in a cat model. Tan cats(average weight: 3.8 kg) which had undergone 90 minutes of occlusion of the LAD followed by 90 minutes of reperfusion underwent MR T2-weighted imaging, and T1-weighted imaging, enhanced T1-weighted imaging. We used 1.5T Magneton Vision MRI system(Siemens, Erlangen, Germany). Signal intensities were measured in the enhanced and non-enhanced areas of enhanced T1-weighted imaging. and TTC histochemical staining the size of the abnormal signal area on each image was compared with that of the infarct area. Maximum enhancement was detected during a $40{\sim}60$ minute period with an average enhancement of $168{\pm}9.9%$ of normal myocardium. TTC staining revealed that the size of the high signal area on T2-weighted images and of the enhanced area on enhanced T1-weighted images was greater than that of the infarct area($T2=48.1%{\pm}3.7$, enhanced $T1=47.2%{\pm}2.6$, TTC $staining=38.7%{\pm}3.1$ ; p<0.05). In reperfused Myocardial Infarction in a cat model, enhanced MR imaging delineates reversibly and irreversibly damaged myocardium, with a strong enhancement and a broad temporal window. We may therefore expect that enhanced MR image is useful for demonstrating myocardial injury.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2018

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effects of computer game exposure on pathological musculoskeletal symptoms in adolescents. Method: This study included 10 male junior high school students who used computers less than 3 times a week for 1 hr per day. The subjects were asked to play computer games for 4 hr. Magnetic resonance imaging of the hand and wrist, from the distal radius and ulnar head to the distal phalanges, and radiography of the cervical vertebrae were performed before and after playing computer games. For each dependent variable, a paired t-test was performed to identify significant changes before and after a 4-hr active computer game (p<.05). Results: The horizontal diameters of the flexor tendons in the index and middle fingers were significantly reduced after playing computer games. The horizontal diameters of the flexor tendons of other fingers did not show any significant differences, but there was a tendency toward a decrease after playing computer games. There was no significant change in the cervical lordosis angle before and after playing computer games. However, the cervical lordosis angle was relatively decreased. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that computer game exposure had direct and indirect effects on morphological changes of flexor tendons. In addition, playing computer games for long periods of time can have a negative effect on normal functioning of the musculoskeletal system, with the possible development of abnormalities. However, computer game exposure in adolescents cannot be decisively identified as a factor causing pathological symptoms, based on the results of this study alone. Thus, longterm longitudinal studies on the overall musculoskeletal system are necessary.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.184.2-184.2
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• 2013

대기압 플라즈마와 생체용액과의 상호작용은 Bio-medical 분야에서 주목 받고 있다. 대기압 플라즈마는 전자온도가 고온 플라즈마 보다 상대적으로 낮기 때문에 생체에 적용하기가 적합하다. 따라서 플라즈마가 세포에 미치는 영향을 관측하기 위해서 대기압 플라즈마를 이용하여 생체용액과의 반응을 살펴보고자 한다. Ar gas를 이용하여 플라즈마를 발생시켜 생체용액 표면을 처리하고 OES (Optical Emission Spectroscopy)을 이용해 방출 선을 조사했다. Ar 기체를 이용한 대기압 플라즈마를 사용하여 다른종류의 용액내의 OH Radical Density를 측정하였다. 용액으로는 DI (deionized) water 와 PBS (1x phosphate buffered saline)를 사용하였다. Ar gas를 200 sccm ($cm^3/min$) 으로 흐르게 하였을 때, DI water의 OH Radical Density 는 $4.33{\times}10^{16}cm^{-3}$ 으로 측정되었으며, 자외선 흡수분광법으로 측정한 완충용액인 PBS의 OH Radical Density 측정값은 $1.87{\times}10^{16}cm^{-3}$ 이다. 이런 특성을 기반으로, PBS 용액내의 H460 (Lung Cancer Cell) 와 L132 (Lung Normal Cell)을 깊이와 시간에 따라 대기압 플라즈마로 처리하여 cell의 변화를 보았다. 실험 각각의 조건은 깊이를 2 mm, 4 mm, 6 mm이며 시간은 10 sec, 30 sec, 60 sec 로 설정하였다. 표면으로부터의 깊이가 2 mm, 4 mm, 6 mm 일때 의 OH Radical Density는 각각 $1.87{\times}10^{16}cm^{-3}$, $0.5{\times}10^{16}cm^{-3}$, 0으로써 용액이 깊어질수록 OH Radical Density가 감소함을 볼 수 있다. OH radical density가 높은 2 mm 에서, 처리한 시간이 길어질수록 Cell 은 영향을 많이 받음을 관찰 할 수 있었다. H460 이 L132 보다 플라즈마에 영향을 많이 받음을 확인하였다. 특성변화를 알아보기 위하여 raman spectroscopy, flow cytometry, electron spin resonance로 측정한다.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.126-135
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• 2006

Phlorotannins which is oligomeric polyphenol of phloroglucinol unit were isolated from solvent fractions of methanolic extract of the brown alga, Ecklonia cava (EC). The inhibitory effects of phlorotannins from EC solvent fractions on oxidative stress were examined in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) related to wrinkle formation. Among the solvent fractions, phlorotannins from ethyl acetate fraction exerted the highest scavenging effect on DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical and alkyl radical analyzed by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation were measured using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) and diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine (DPPP), respectively. Their levels were significantly decreased in the presence of phlorotannins from ethyl acetate fraction, compared with other fractions obtained from EC extract (P < 0.01). Furthermore, intracellular glutathione (GSH) level was significantly increased in a time dependent manner by the phlorotannins. Therefore, these results suggest that phlorotannins from EC extract could have a therapeutic potential for prevention and treatment of several diseases such as wrinkle formation related to oxidative stress.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.176-182
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• 2006

Objective : This study concernes the usefulness of $^{11}C-methyl-L-and$ D-methionine[Met]-positron emission tomography[PET] for glioma grading and detection of recurrence in gliomas, compared with fluorine-18, 2-fluoro-deoxyglucose[FDG]-PET. Methods : Eighty patients underwent Met-PET study for evaluation of glioma : 37 astrocytomas [WHO grade II, 3; III, 8; IV, 26]. 27 oligodendrogliomas [WHO grade II, 16; III, 11]. and 12 suspicious recurrent gliomas. All images were taken within 2 weeks before operation. For suspicious recurrent cases on magnetic resonance images, both FDG-PET and Met-PET were performed. Results : In astrocytoma, Mean maximum standard uptake value[SUV] of region of interest[ROI] was not different between WHO grades [p=0.108]. but ROI/normal contralateral tissue SUV [T/N] ratio was statistically different between WHO grades [p=0.002]. T/N ratio was more closely related to visual scale than maximum SUV of ROI [p<0.001 and p=0.107 respectively]. In oligodendroglioma, there was no statistical difference between WHO grades in view of maximum SUV and T/N ratio. For recurrent gliomas, sensitivity of FDG-PET and Met-PET was 25% and 100%, while specificity of FDG-PET and Met-PET were 100% and 80%, respectively. Conclusion : Met-PET might be an appropriate tool for tumor grading in astrocytoma and be more sensitive for detection of recurrence in gliomas than FDG-PET.