• Title/Summary/Keyword: normal ranges

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In search of subcortical and cortical morphologic alterations of a normal brain through aging: an investigation by computed tomography scan

  • Mehrdad Ghorbanlou;Fatemeh Moradi;Mohammad Hassan Kazemi-Galougahi;Maasoume Abdollahi
    • Anatomy and Cell Biology
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    • v.57 no.1
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    • pp.45-60
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    • 2024
  • Morphologic changes in the brain through aging, as a physiologic process, may involve a wide range of variables including ventricular dilation, and sulcus widening. This study reports normal ranges of these changes as standard criteria. Normal brain computed tomography scans of 400 patients (200 males, 200 females) in every decade of life (20 groups each containing 20 participants) were investigated for subcortical/cortical atrophy (bicaudate width [BCW], third ventricle width [ThVW], maximum length of lateral ventricle at cella media [MLCM], bicaudate index [BCI], third ventricle index [ThVI], and cella media index 3 [CMI3], interhemispheric sulcus width [IHSW], right hemisphere sulci diameter [RHSD], and left hemisphere sulci diameter [LHSD]), ventricular symmetry. Distribution and correlation of all the variables were demonstrated with age and a multiple linear regression model was reported for age prediction. Among the various parameters of subcortical atrophy, BCW, ThVW, MLCM, and the corresponding indices of BCI, ThVI, and CMI3 demonstrated a significant correlation with age (R2≥0.62). All the cortical atrophy parameters including IHSW, RHSD, and LHSD demonstrated a significant correlation with age (R2≥0.63). This study is a thorough investigation of variables in a normal brain which can be affected by aging disclosing normal ranges of variables including major ventricular variables, derived ventricular indices, lateral ventricles asymmetry, cortical atrophy, in every decade of life introducing BW, ThVW, MLCM, BCI, ThVI, CMI3 as most significant ventricular parameters, and IHSW, RHSD, LHSD as significant cortical parameters associated with age.

Robustness in the Hierarchical Bayes Estimation of Normal Means

  • Kim, Dal-Ho;Park, Jin -Kap
    • Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.511-522
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    • 1999
  • The paper considers the problem of robustness in hierarchical bayesian models. In specific we address Bayesian robustness in the estimation of normal means. We provide the ranges of the posterior means under $\varepsilon$-contamination class as well as the density ratio class of priors. For the class of priors that are uniform over a specified interval we investigate the sensitivity as to the choice of the intervals. The methods are illustrated using the famous baseball data of Efron and Morris(1975).

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Studies on the Hematologic Values and Blood Chemistry Values of Korean Native Ogolgye II. Blood Chemistry for Korean Native Ogolgye (한국 재래오골계의 혈액상 및 혈액화학치에 관한 연구 - II. 오골계의 혈액화학치)

  • Rhee Han-Gie;Kim Jong-Sub
    • Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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    • v.20 no.6
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    • pp.371-376
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    • 1984
  • This study was conducted to determine the normal values for chemical components of blood serum were determined or normal 10 males and 10 females of Korean Native Ogolgyes, l82 days. The measured mean values, standard deviation and ranges of blood glucose,

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Groundwater Contamination (지하수 오염)

  • Jeon, Hyo-Taek
    • 수도
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    • v.25 no.1 s.88
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    • pp.25-35
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    • 1998
  • Factors controlling water quality, water-quality standards, and normal ranges of concentrations in unpolluted fresh water and the sources of elements were explained in this paper. In particular, the sources of groundwater contamination such as the disposal of domestic waste water, landfills, chemical spills and leaking underground tanks, and agricultural and mining activities were discussed.

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Garment Sizes Analysis on Target Ages and Body Shapes (신체 특성에 따른 타겟 연령별 치수 호칭 설정 - KS 규격 및 신체 치수 분석을 바탕으로 -)

  • Kang, Yeo-Sun
    • The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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    • v.15 no.1 s.66
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    • pp.137-151
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    • 2007
  • This study was performed to narrow down the Sizing System for Female Adult's garments(KS K 0051) following age target and body shapes. The study was based on the sizing system and the anthropometric measurements, called Size-Korea, which were surveyed in the years 2003 and 2004. At first, the subjects of the survey were classified into 4 age groups, $18{\sim}24,\;25{\sim}34,\;35{\sim}49\;and\;50{\sim}59$, based on the most significant differences of body sizes. Secondly, the ranges of four key dimensions - height, bust, waist and hip-of normal sizes were identified through analyzing Rohrer index and percentile. The selected sizes within the ranges were grouped by the drop which was the subtraction of bust girth from hip girth. In conclusion, there was the most frequent drop for each age group; 9cm drop for the $18{\sim}24$ years old group, the 6cm drop for the $25{\sim}34$ years old and $35{\sim}49$ years old and 3cm drop for $50{\sim}59$ years old. The upper body garment sizes of the same drop and target ages could be merged to 10 to 12 sizes, which were remarkably smaller than the Female Adult garment sizing system, and further to 2-5 sizes, considering the percentile importance. However, $50{\sim}59$ years old group needed to be analyzed in different ways, because the number of subjects of normal size in the age decreased rapidly, that the normal sizes for them were very limited. In addition, the reference body sizes of each garment size were apparently different when they were compared to each age groups. These basic data for garment size specification could be usefully adapted for the apparel companies' own sizing system according to their age target and body shapes, to achieve efficient production and better fit.

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Nanotribological characteristics of silicon surfaces modified by IBAD (IBAD로 표면개질된 실리콘표면의 나노 트라이볼로지적 특성)

  • 윤의성;박지현;양승호;공호성;장경영
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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    • 2001.06a
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    • pp.127-134
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    • 2001
  • Nano adhesion and friction between a Sj$_3$N$_4$ AFM tip and thin silver films were experimentally studied. Tests were performed to measure the nano adhesion and friction in both AFM(atomic force microscope) and LFM(lateral force microscope) modes in various ranges of normal load. Thin silver films deposited by IBAD (ion beam assisted deposition) on Si-wafer (100) and Si-wafer of different surface roughness were used. Results showed that nano adhesion and friction decreased as the surface roughness increased. When the Si surfaces were coated by pure silver, the adhesion and friction decreased. But the adhesion and friction were not affected by the thickness of IBAD silver coating. As the normal force increased, the adhesion forces of bare Si-wafer and IBAD silver coating film remained constant, but the friction forces increased linearly. Test results suggested that the friction was mainly governed by the adhesion as long as the normal load was low.

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Pattern alopecia in a miniature pinscher dog (미니어쳐 핀셔견에서 발생한 형태탈모증(pattern alopecia) 1례)

  • Kang, Jongil;Lee, Wanghui;Park, Jeongho;Oh, Taeho;Cho, Seongwhan;Park, Seongjun
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.51 no.4
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    • pp.315-318
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    • 2011
  • A dog (5.6 kg, 4-year-old, castrated male, Miniature pinscher) with diffuse symmetric alopecia on the chest and excessive scales was referred to Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University, Korea. On physical examination, diffuse alopecia on ventral aspect of the neck and caudomedial thighs, and severe scales were presented. Dermatologic tests of lesions revealed bacterial infections. Histopathologically, atrophy of hair bulb was observed in the severely alopecic lesion of caudomedial thighs. ACTH stimulation test was performed to differentiate the endocrine disorder related to generalized alopecia. The pre-ACTH serum testosterone and progesterone concentrations were above normal ranges and the post-ACTH serum testosterone concentration was high. The pre- and post-ACTH serum estradiol and cortisol concentrations were within normal ranges. Canine pattern alopecia was diagnosed based on history, physical examination, hormonal assay and dermatohistopathologic examination. After 3 months of melatonin administration, multifocal alopecia on the trunk was improved and general hair regrowth was identified.

Layer Charge Characteristics of Smectite from the Pohang Area (포항지역에서 산출되는 스멕타이트의 층전하 특성)

  • Lee, Gyoo Ho;Ko, Jaehong;Moon, Hi-Soo
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.315-326
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    • 1995
  • The layer charge characteristics of smectites from the Tertiary basins in the Pohang area have been studied in detail using the alkyl-ammonium method. On the basis of layer charges, the smectite in the Pobang area can be classed as normal and high-charge (hc) smectite. The layer charge of the normal smectite averages 0.3, and ranges from 0.25 to 0.38/half unit cell. The hc-smectite collapses on K-saturation to become illite-like material and shows $10{\AA}$-series reflections on X-ray diffraction. The layer charge of the he-smectite ranges from 0.5 to 1. The layer cbarges of the Pohang smectite are in general heterogeneous. The layer charges distribute between 0.21 and 0.45, and the most frequent layer charge is 0.30~0.32. The layer charge and the layer charge distribution do not appear to be related to stratification or basins of occurrence. Thus, the layer charge may not have developed as a result of burial. Rather, it may have developed due to heat and hydrothermal solutions associated with volcanic activities. Volcanic sills and dykes are ubiquitous in the region.

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The Effect of Fentazine-induced Sedation in Farmed Elk (Cervus canadensis) (사육 엘크의 Fentazine 진정효과)

  • 최석화;강성수;최향순;조성구
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.394-398
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    • 1998
  • This study was performed to assess clinical signs, sedative effect and clinicschemical profile of a mixture of fentanyl-azapemne-xylazine(Fentazine$^{(R)}$) in formed elk Twelve male elk(Cervus canadensis) were immobilized with Fentazine, and blood samples were taken of femoral venous blood. Samples were analyzed in the conditions of 10- and 30-minute after administration of the drug. Heart rates, respiratory rates, and body temperatures were in normal ranges during Fentazine anesthesia. After iqiection of Fentazine, most of elk were recumbency and did not respond to needle prick In young adult(3.5.4.5 years old) elk a high dose(>3.0 ml/head) of Fentazine does not result in more sedation, but it does prolong the duration of sedative effect. Fentazine induced sufficient analgesia far velvet antler removal and hoof trimming in elk Salivation, urination, intermittent apnea and mild bloat were observed in elk Globulin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus values were in normal ranges for at least 30 minutes after Fentazine administration. Total protein, albumins cortisol and prothrombin values were slightly increased during sedation(p<0.05). It was concluded that Fentazine is effective analgesic drug being useful for velvet antler removal and hoof trimming.

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Treatment of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency in Kabuki Syndrome: Case Report (가부키 증후군 환자의 구개인두부전증의 치료: 증례보고)

  • Lee, San-Ha;Wang, Jae-Kwon;Park, Mi-Kyong;Baek, Rong-Min
    • Archives of Plastic Surgery
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    • v.38 no.2
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    • pp.203-206
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    • 2011
  • Purpose: Kabuki syndrome is a multiple malformation syndrome that was first reported in Japan. It is characterized by distinctive Kabuki-like facial features, skeletal anomalies, dermatoglyphic abnormalities, short stature, and mental retardation. We report two cases of Kabuki syndrome with the surgical intervention and speech evaluation. Methods: Both patients had velopharyngeal insufficiency and had a superior based pharyngeal flap operation. The preoperative and postoperative speech evaluations were performed by a speech language pathologist. Results: In case 1, hypernasality was reduced in spontaneous speech, and the nasalance scores in syllable repetitions were reduced to be within normal ranges. In case 2, hypernasality in spontaneous speech was reduced from severe level to moderate level and the nasalance scores in syllable repetitions were also reduced to be within normal ranges. Conclusion: The goal of this article is to raise awareness among plastic surgeons who may encounter such patients with unique facial features. This study shows that pharyngeal flap operation can successfully correct the velopharyngeal insufficiency in Kabuki syndrome and post operative speech therapy plays a role in reinforcing surgical result.