• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 1999

Objectives：One of the most common developmental problems is communication disorder in which a child appears normal in every way but who has failed to begin speaking or speaks very little. A few studies have examined the temperamental characteristics of children with communication disorders. This study was to investigate the temperamental characteristics of Korean children with communication disorders. Methods：The parents of 20 Korean children with communication disorders and the parents of 50 normal control children, the age of both groups ranges from 3 to 7, completed Korean version of Parental Temperamental Questionnaire developed by Thomas and Chess. Children with a pervasive developmental disorder, mental retardation, or speech-motor or sensory deficit were excluded. The scores of each temperamental scale of two groups and the diagnostic clusters of two groups were compared. Results：The children with communication disorders were characterized by lower mood scores and higher intensity of reaction scores than normal controls. The two groups showed no significant correlation in terms of the temperamental diagnostic clusters. Conclusion：This findings suggest the existence of a distinct temperamental profile of the children with communication disorders. Early detection of the profile may be of great value for parents in understanding the developmental characteristics of the children with communication disorders and in providing appropriate parenting approaches.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2021

Objective : The purpose of this study was to compare sensory processing ability by smartphone addiction levels in preschool children, and to investigate the correlation between smartphone addiction level and sensory processing ability within smartphone addiction group. Method : The subjects of this study were 324 persons, with 124 persons in the addiction group and 200 in the normal user group. Measurements in this study were a questionnaire about general characteristics of subject, smartphone addiction scale, and short sensory profile. Methods for the data analysis included descriptive statistics, independent t-test, Pearson correlation analysis of SPSS 22.0. Results : There was a significant difference in the total Short Sensory Profile (SSP) score and in all sub-domains between the addiction and normal use groups (p<0.05). In the smartphone addiction group, there was a negative correlation between the SSP total score (r=-.278), auditory filtering (r=-.293), visual/auditory sensitivity (r=-.393) and smartphone addiction level. Conclusion : This study confirmed that there was a difference in smartphone addiction and sensory processing ability between the preschool children addiction and normal use groups. It has been proven that there is an interrelationship between sensory processing ability and smartphone addiction in the addiction group. It is significant in that it provides basic data to prevent smartphone addiction.

• 재활복지
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.141-156
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine changes in the swallowing function with chronic stroke patient. Ten chronic stroke patients with dysphagia followed up for 3 months. Eight normal age match subjects were also participated. A total of 18 participated in this study and they were classified into two groups (stroke patient group and normal control group). Participants underwent videofluoroscopic swallowing examination. The swallowing function was evaluated over time. Oral transit duration, pharyngeal transit duration, laryngeal response duration, Modified Barium Swallowing Impairment Profile ($MBSImP^{TM(c)}$), and Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) were applied. Chronic stroke patient group were showed significantly longer oral transit duration, pharyngeal transit duration and laryngeal response duration than normal control group at baseline. After 3 months in stroke patient group, the mean oral components score of MBSImP (1~5) significantly decreased and the mean score on FOIS increased compared to baseline. In conclusion, oral swallowing function and oral intake function improved by the 3 month evaluation. These results describe changes in swallowing function with chronic stroke patients over time and provide basic informations to understand dysphagia.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1626-1632
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• 2008

Among patients who are receiving treatments at an oriental medical hospital for various symptoms and diseases, patients whose main disease is accompanied by metabolic syndrome with abnormal liver function. This research was performed in order to observe the progression of changes in the liver function and serum lipid profile after the oriental medical treatments to patients who have been receiving oriental medical treatment for various other diseases and have been diagnosed as having metabolic syndrome at their first visit to the hospital based on NCEP ATP III diagnosis criteria and WHO Asia Pacific region criteria. Total number of subject patients were 39cases(mean age:55.58${\pm}$2.09 years) which had 20 male and 19 female. For the references for hepatic enzyme levels and blood lipid profile were measured in before treatment and four times after treatments(every 2.31${\pm}$06.17 weeks). Serum AST was 48.86${\pm}$7.46 IU/L before oriental medical treatment. After the treatment, 40.63${\pm}$4.69, 43.12${\pm}$5.46, 37.82${\pm}$4.52 IU/L were measured where although the level decreased to the normal level compared to pre-treatment, the value was not significant statistically(P>0.05). ALT was 66.26${\pm}$11.01 IU/L before oriental medical treatment. After the treatment 62.10${\pm}$8.20, 61.10${\pm}$8.76, 43.79${\pm}$5.68 were measured where although the level decreased, abnormally high level was maintained. The last result was significant statistically(P<0.05) compared to pre-treatment. ALP was 193.06${\pm}$14.20 IU/L before oriental medical treatment. After the treatment, 176.80${\pm}$6.48, 177.46${\pm}$11.81, 162.41${\pm}$9.06 where although compared to pre-treatment the last result was significant statistically(P<0.05), the change was within the normal range. ${\gamma}$-GGT was 87.83${\pm}$12.59 IU/L before oriental medical treatment. After the treatment, progressively near normal level was achieved with 118.73${\pm}$46.45, 85.03${\pm}$17.12, 70.64${\pm}$10.93 and the last result was statistically significant compared to pre-treatment (P<0.05). Blood triglyceride was 217.63${\pm}$32.18 mg/dL before oriental medical treatment. After treatment 215.09${\pm}$22.18, 189.93${\pm}$22.44, 191.22${\pm}$18.51 where abnormal values continued even after treatment although results was not statistically significant compared to pre-treatment(P>0.05). Total-cholesterol was 197.28${\pm}$9.24 mg/dL before oriental medical treatment, after treatment 201.55${\pm}$11.13, 186.87${\pm}$8.77 and 186.68${\pm}$7.61 were measured that results were not statistically significant compared to pre-treatment(P>0.05). HDL-cholesterol was 41.88${\pm}$2.38 mg/dL before oriental medical treatment, after treatment 48.75${\pm}$4.22, 44.10${\pm}$1.91, 48.00${\pm}$2.06 the results were not statistically significant compared to pre-treatment(P>0.05). LDL-cholesterol was 111.66${\pm}$13.08 mg/dL before oriental medical treatment, after treatment 109.94${\pm}$10.18, 101.79${\pm}$8.63, 104.00${\pm}$6.98 the results were not statistically significant compared to pre-treatment(P>0.05). With such results, even if common oriental medical treatments were given to metabolic syndrome patients with abnormal liver function, the liver function was confirmed not to be aggravated, and the concentration of lipids in the blood was confirmed not to be affected in most patients.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.10C no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 2003

Although there have been many studies on using finite automata for intrusion detection, it has been a difficult problem to generate compact finite automata automatically. In a previous research an approach to profile normal behaviors using finite automata was proposed. They divided the system call sequence of each process into three parts prefix, main portion, and suffix, and then substituted macros for frequently occurring substrings. However, the procedure was not automatic. In this paper we present algorithms to automatically generate intrusion detection automata from the sequence of system calls resulting from the normal runs of the programs. We also show the effectiveness of the proposed method through experiments.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.1500-1507
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• 2005

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to identify subgroups of the physical and behavioral risk profiles for cardiovascular disease among industrial workers, and to examine predicting factors for the subgroups. Sample and Method. Health records of 2,616 male and female workers aged 19-56 years who were employed in an airplane manufacturing industry were analyzed. Data were analyzed using the Latent class cluster analysis. Results. Four different clusters (two high-risk groups, one low-risk group, and one normal group) were found and these clusters were significantly different by age, gender, and work type (p < .05 ). The two high-risk groups had higher chances of drinking alcohol, elevated BMI, FBS, total cholesterol, having hypertension, and were significantly older, and had relatively high chances of being day workers rather than other groups. The low-risk group had higher chances of drinking alcohol, higher BMI and total cholesterols compared to normal group, and highest portions of current smokers and shift workers in the four clusters and their mean BP was within prehypertension criteria. Conclusion. Industrial nurses should guide the lifestyle behaviors and risk factors of the high risk groups for CVD and need to intervene early for behavioral change for the low-risk group who are young and shift workers. Age, and work environment should be considered in planning for targeted preventive interventions for industrial workers.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.832-835
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• 2007

Moisture content of normal, waxy, and high amylose com starches was adjusted to 10-35%, and irradiated in a microwave oven. The effect of microwave irradiation on the crystalline structure of starch was measured by using a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffractometry. Pasting viscosity profile was also determined by using a rapid viscoanalyzer (RVA). For all the 3 types of starches tested, the rate of temperature increase by the microwave irradiation was faster and more rapidly reached the maximum temperature of the pressure bomb ($120^{\circ}C$) when the moisture content was higher. X-ray diffraction and DSC data revealed that the microwave irradiated starch underwent partial disruption of crystalline structure. RVA studies showed that the irradiation caused significant reductions in maximal viscosity and breakdown, whereas pasting temperature was increased. Overall trends revealed that the microwave irradiation on the starch containing limited moisture content (less than 35%) provided the effects similar to the heat moisture treatment. These effects became more significant when the moisture content was higher. Compared to waxy com starch, normal, and high amylose com starches appeared to be more susceptible to the microwave irradiation.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.177-191
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• 1982

The study was performed to establish the cephalometric standards of Hellman dental age III B, IV A, IV C groups of the age of puberty and to aid for the case analysis and diagnosis of malocclusion. A roentgenocephalometric study was made from 365 subjects, that consist of 162 males, 203 females with normal occlusion, acceptable profile and no history of orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment. The results of this study were obtained as follows: 1. The tables of standards from the measurements by age, sex group were made. 2. All linear measurements of skeletal pattern in male were greater than in females. 3. The Bjork's sum was reduced gradually by aging in group I $396^{\circ}$, group II $395^{\circ}$, and group III $393^{\circ}$. 4. Posterior facial height to anterior facial height was 63% in group I, 64% group II, and 67% in group III. 5. The angulation of SNA and SNB were $81^{\circ}$ & $78^{\circ}$ in group I, $81^{\circ}$ & $78^{\circ}$ in group II, and $82^{\circ}$ & $79^{\circ}$ in group III.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.230-237
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• 2015

This study investigated the impact of microalgal oil (MO) on body weight management in C57BL/6J mice. Obesity was induced for 8 weeks and animals were orally supplemented with the following for 8 additional weeks: beef tallow (BT), corn oil, fish oil (FO), microalgal oil (MO), or none, as a high fat diet control group (HD). A normal control group was fed with a normal diet. After completing the experiment, the FO and MO groups showed significant decreases in body weight gain, epididymal fat pad weights, serum triglycerides, and total cholesterol levels compared to the HD and BT groups. A lower mRNA expression level of lipid anabolic gene and higher levels of lipid catabolic genes were observed in both FO and MO groups. Serum insulin and leptin concentrations were lower in the MO group. These results indicated that microalgal oil has an anti-obesity effect that can combat high fat diet-induced obesity in mice.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.227-239
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• 2015

The thermal, mechanical, and neutronic performance of the metal alloy fast reactor fuel design complements the safety advantages of the liquid metal cooling and the pool-type primary system. Together, these features provide large safety margins in both normal operating modes and for a wide range of postulated accidents. In particular, they maximize the measures of safety associated with inherent reactor response to unprotected, doublefault accidents, and to minimize risk to the public and plant investment. High thermal conductivity and high gap conductance play the most significant role in safety advantages of the metallic fuel, resulting in a flatter radial temperature profile within the pin and much lower normal operation and transient temperatures in comparison to oxide fuel. Despite the big difference in melting point, both oxide and metal fuels have a relatively similar margin to melting during postulated accidents. When the metal fuel cladding fails, it typically occurs below the coolant boiling point and the damaged fuel pins remain coolable. Metal fuel is compatible with sodium coolant, eliminating the potential of energetic fuel-coolant reactions and flow blockages. All these, and the low retained heat leading to a longer grace period for operator action, are significant contributing factors to the inherently benign response of metallic fuel to postulated accidents. This paper summarizes the past analytical and experimental results obtained in past sodium-cooled fast reactor safety programs in the United States, and presents an overview of fuel safety performance as observed in laboratory and in-pile tests.