• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.398-402
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• 2007

Abstract Female mice post weaning were exposed to 20 kHz sawtooth electric and magnetic fields (EMF) with $6.25{\mu}T$ peak intensity for 6 weeks. Estrous cycles were checked using vaginal smears over the last 10 days of the experimental period. The vaginal smears from EMF-exposed mice revealed an increase in the frequency of one or two phases persisting. The number of estrous cycles less than 1 was more in the EMF-exposed group than in the sham control group. Furthermore, in the EMF-exposed group, the duration of proestrous and metestrous stages of the estrous cycle was significantly increased compared with the control group. In conclusion, our results suggest that exposure to 20 kHz sawtooth EMF may affect normal cycling of the estrous cycle by disrupting the female reproductive endocrine physiology. We should not disregard the possible adverse reproductive effect of the 20 kHz sawtooth EMF generated under the occupational exposure situation in females.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1997

The cellularity and composition of the spleen lymph node thymus and peripheral blood and tempo of regeneration were studied at various time points after syngeneic bone marrow transplantation(BMT) in C3H/Hen mice. Significant depression of absolute lymphocyte count was noted on week 1 after lethal whole-body irradiation and BMT. In comparison to the lymph node thymus and spleen had an rapid regeneration of cellularity. The distinct cell populations($CD4^+,\;CD8^+,\;CD28^+,\;B220^+) have determined in the lymphoid tissue of mice subjected to irradiation. The relative representation of these subpopulations was significantly different from that in nonirradiated control. $CD4^+\;and\;CD8^+$ cells were present in very low numbers whereas the $B220^+$ cells reached more than normal range at 2 weeks after BMT. The number of $CD4^+$ cells returned to normal relatively soon than $CD8^+$ cell. At week 4 after BMT, the cellularity and composition of spleen lymph node and peripheral blood lymphocyte reached about 50% of the normal range therefore we can choose this time point for the other tests of immune function after BMT.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 1964

In the treatment of mice Aureomycin, Oil penicillin, Achromycin, Ambrasynth and Terramycin were effective on the Black-leg disease when they were administered about 4 to 5 hours before the death of control animals. Synthomycetin, however, was observed to be effective when administered 8 hours or more before the control death. Streptomycin seemed to be rather less effective than Black leg antiserum. It was not effective at all when given 19 hours before the death of control animal although there was a delay of taking death by 5 hours in the treated group. As was in mice, Streptomycin was little effective in the treatment of calves, while other antibiotics showed fine efficacy on the diseased animals. The diseased animals, when given with anitibiotics 37 hours before the death of control showed the rise of temperature($41^{\circ}C$ or more), swelling and redness on the site of infection and then recovcred to normal stage. In the treatment of calves, Aureomycin only delayed the taking death of the deseased animals by 111 hours when administered 4 hours before the death of control animals. And other antibiotics, when given 4 hours before the death of control animals were effective, although the deseased animls developed symptoms such as hard breathing, anorexia and dropsical swellings. Oil penicillin was observed to be comparatively larger in its efficacy on the treatment of Black leg disease.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2009

Calbindin-$D_{9k}$ (CaBP-9k), a cytosolic calcium-binding protein, is expressed in a variety of tissues, i.e., the duodenum, uterus, placenta, kidney and pituitary gland. Duodenal CaBP-9k is involved in intestinal calcium absorption, and is regulated at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, the hormonal form of vitamin D, and glucocorticoids (GCs). Uterine CaBP-9k has been implicated in the regulation of myometrial action(s) through modulation of intracellular calcium, and steroid hormones appear to be the main regulators in its uterine and placental regulation. Because phenotypes of CaBP-9k-null mice appear to be normal, other calcium-transporter genes may compensate for its gene deletion and physiological function in knockout mice. Previous studies indicate that CaBP-9k may be controlled in a tissue-specific fashion. In this review, we summarize the current information on calcium homeostasis related to CaBP-9k gene regulation by GCs, vitamin D and its receptors, and its molecular regulatory mechanism. In addition, we present related data from our current research.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2019

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is highly prevalent in dementia, with no specifically effective treatment having yet been discovered. Amyloid plaques are one of the key hallmarks of AD. Transgenic mouse models exhibiting Alzheimer's disease-like pathology have been widely used to study the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we showed an age-dependent correlation between cognitive function, pathological findings, and [F-18] Florbetaben (FBB) PET images. Nineteen transgenic mice (12 with AD, 7 with controls) were used for this study. We observed an increase in ${\beta}$-Amyloid deposition ($A{\beta}$) in brain tissue and [F-18] FBB amyloid PET imaging in the AD group. The [F-18] FBB data showed a mildly negative trend with cognitive function. Pathological findings were negatively correlated with cognitive functions. These finding suggests that amyloid beta deposition can be well-monitored with [F-18] FBB PET and a decline in cognitive function is related to the increase in amyloid plaque burden.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.251-258
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• 2015

Curcumin, a major polyphenolic compound of turmeric, is well known to prevent non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) related to obesity. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of curcumin on hepatic fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) in obese mice. $CCl_4$ was administrated in mice fed a normal diet (ND) or a high fat diet (HFD) for 7 weeks together with or without curcumin. It was conducted to examine for metabolic profiles, adipocyte size, and liver fibrosis by serum biochemistry, histology and immunohistochemistry. Also, Apoptosis of hepatic cells was determined by the TUNEL method. Treatment with curcumin significantly lowered the body weight, fasting glucose, serum AST and ALT, and decreased the adipocyte size, the number of macrophage and mast cells in adipose tissue, and collagen deposition in liver tissue in the HFD+$CCl_4$ group compared with the findings of the HFD+$CCl_4$ group. In contrast, treatment with curcumin on the ND+$CCl_4$ group did not show a significant difference except the body weight and mast cell number when compared with the ND+$CCl_4$ group. Furthermore, curcumin significantly reduced the number of parenchymal apoptotic cells, whereas it increased the number of non-parenchymal apoptotic cells, especially resembling an activated hepatic stellate cell in the liver. Taken together, this data suggests that curcumin might be an effective antifibrotic drug for the prevention of liver disease progression in obese mice. Thus, the development of curcumin as a therapy for obesity and liver fibrosis is supported.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2016

Objectives: This study examined the relative efficacies of a derivative of betulinic acid (dBA) and its poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nano-encapsulated form in A549 lung cancer cells in vivo and in co-mutagen [sodium arsenite (SA) + benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)]-induced lung cancer in mice in vivo. Methods: dBA was loaded with PLGA nanoparticles by using the standard solvent displacement method. The sizes and morphologies of nano-dBA (NdBA) were determined by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and their intracellular localization was verified by using confocal microscopy. The binding and interaction of NdBA with calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid (CT-DNA) as a target were analyzed by using conventional circular dichroism (CD) and melting temperature (Tm) profile data. Apoptotic signalling cascades in vitro and in vivo were studied by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the ability of NdBA to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was also examined. The stage of cell cycle arrest was confirmed by using a fluorescence-activated cell-sorting (FACS) data analysis. Results: The average size of the nanoparticles was ~ 110 nm. Confocal microscopy images confirmed the presence of NdBA in the cellular cytoplasm. The bio-physical properties of dBA and NdBA ascertained from the CD and the Tm profiles revealed that NdBA had greater interaction with the target DNA than dBA did. Both dBA and NdBA arrested cell proliferation at G0/G1, NdBA showing the greater effect. NdBA also induced a greater degree of cytotoxicity in A549 cells, but it had an insignificant cytotoxic effect in normal L6 cells. The results of flow cytometric, cytogenetial and histopathological studies in mice revealed that NdBA caused less nuclear condensation and DNA damage than dBA did. TEM images showed the presence of NdBA in brain samples of NdBA fed mice, indicating its ability to cross the BBB. Conclusion: Thus, compared to dBA, NdBA appears to have greater chemoprotective potential against lung cancer.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.329-336
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• 2017

This study examined the effects of polyphenols in grape pruning stem extracts (GPSE) using grape stems discarded after harvest. The inhibitory effects on allergy, proliferation, and apoptosis in UVB-induced HR-1 hairless mice were analyzed. The applicability as a material for functional food and functional cosmetics was evaluated. The contents of the active ingredients of GPSE were analyzed by HPLC. After UVB irradiation on the dermis of HR-1 hairless mice, the number of mast cells was determined by toluidine blue staining to confirm that the skin allergic reaction was caused by GPSE. The results were similar to the normal group in the group applied GPSE, and there was no allergic reaction in the GPSE application group and a significant decreased compared to the sun cream control. PCNA immunohistochemical staining of the epidermal proliferation factor had an inhibitory effect on epidermal epithelial cell proliferation in all concentrations of GPSE and serum base mixture as an average of 42% compared to the control group. The mixture of GPSE and serum base suppressed the apoptosis inhibition rate by 27% on average compared to the control. These results confirmed the inhibitory effects GPSE on the allergic, proliferation, and apoptosis activities by with a serum base on UVB-induced skin damage. GPSE is a functional ingredient with potential skin protection effects, and has a high utilization as an ingredient for functional cosmetics.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.335-340
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• 1993

The development of efficient method for the production of transgenic mice has been investigated in our laboratory. This study was conducted to develop the artificial insemination in the mouse. Spermatozoa were collected from the cauda epididymis of ICR males(age:12~15 weeks, Body weight : 30g) and artificially inseminated into the intrauterine via cervix of hormone-primed ICR females(age: 6~8 weeks, body weight: 25g) using the capillary tube, 200~300 $\mu$m in inner diameter. The effect of concentration of sperm(80$\times$104, 40$\times$104, 20$\times$104, 10$\times$104, 5$\times$104, 3$\times$104, 1$\times$104/20${mu}ell$. The artificial insemination was succeeded but fertilization rate was very low(5~15%) compared to the natural mating and 59 normal youngs born from 60 females. Therefore, our findings suggest that it is possible to produce the great number of mice from the same orgin of male by artificial inseminatin. However, the lower pregnancy rate has to be solved to used broadly the artificial insemination in mouse.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.65-70
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• 2008

Cleft lip and/or palate are common birth defects in humans and the causes including multiple genetic and environmental factors are complex. Combinations of genetic, biochemical, and embryological approaches in the laboratory mice are used to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying normal craniofacial development and the congenital craniofacial malformations including cleft lip and/or palate. Both forward and reverse genetic approaches are used. The forward genetic approach involves identification of causative genes and molecular pathways disrupted by uncharacterized mutations that cause craniofacial malformations including cleft lip and/or cleft palate. The reverse genetic approach involves generation and analyses of mice carrying null or conditional mutations using the Cre-loxP mediated gene targeting techniques.