• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.65-70
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• 1971

Blood glucose and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) were measured during oral glucose tolerance test in 15 thyrotoxic patients and 8 normal controls, to study the glucose metabolism in thyrotoxicosis. Following were the results; 1. In thyrotoxicosis, there is noticed late rise and late fall of plasma IRI durnig oral glucose tolerance test, like as phenomenon of mild diabetes mellitus. 2. When the thyrotoxic patients were divided into normal and abnormal responsive groups after the level of blood glucose by Wilkerson Criteria, no significant differences in plasma IRI levels were noticed between two groups. 3. This result may be interpreted as relative deficiency of insulin secretion from panceas and suggest genetically related defects.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.818-824
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• 2015

Makgeolli is a health beneficial food for diabetes compared to other alcoholic beverages. We examined the effect of Makgeolli on blood glucose level and survival rate in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mouse model. We force fed 30 male STZ-induced diabetic ICR mice Makgeolli consisting of 6% alcohol (DM-MAK), 6% ethanol (DM-EtOH), or distilled water (DM-DW) for 4 weeks. In the DM-MAK group, food intake and water intake were higher than those of other groups after 4 weeks. Body weight, however, was not different among the experimental groups. We also found no significant difference in blood glucose level among the experimental groups. In normal ICR mice fed Makgeolli for 1 week, the area of the blood glucose curve was higher than those of other groups fed 6% ethanol, 2% glucose, or distilled water. Survival rates of STZ-induced diabetic mice fed Makgeolli, 6% ethanol, or DW for 4 weeks were 100%, 25%, and 62.5%, respectively. In conclusion, Makgeolli had no beneficial effect on blood glucose in a STZ-induced diabetic mouse model, although their survival rate was high. These results show that Makgeolli has an effect on type 1 diabetes through other mechanisms than blood glucose control.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.279-285
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• 2008

Diospyros peregrina Gurke. (Ebenaceae) is a small middle sized tree grows luxuriantly in the plains of costal West Bengal, India. The objective of the study was to explore the antidiabetic activity of methanol extract of matured fruits of Diospyros peregrina to substantiate the folklore claim of traditional practitioners. It was also aimed to establish correlation with reduction of oxidative state associated with diabetes. Methanol extract of matured fruits of Diospyros peregrina was administered orally at doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight for 12 consecutive days to normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Fasting blood glucose level was estimated in both normal and diabetic rats while serum lipid profiles, liver glycogen level and pancreatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were evaluated for diabetic rats. Initial and final changes in body weight were also recorded. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed during the course of study. Experimental findings showed significant antidiabetic potential of extract in term of reduction of fasting blood glucose level of both normal and diabetic rats. It was found that extract at the dose of 300 mg/kg body weight is more effective and percentage reduction (55.64) of elevated blood glucose level is comparable to that of standard drug glibenclamide (60.60) at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight. Observed data found statistically significant in reduction of serum lipid and pancreatic TBARS levels whilst improvement was observed in liver glycogen level and body weight profiles in extract treated diabetic rats.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2009

This study investigated the effect of Corni Fructus (Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc.) extract on blood glucose and insulin resistance in db/db mice. Seven weeks old male mice were divided into normal control group (NC), diabetic control group (DC) and Corni Fructus treated diabetic group (DCF). Over an 8-week experimental period, Corni Fructus extract was administered orally at 500 mg/kg BW/day. Corni Fructus inhibited increase in blood glucose level during the OGTT (oral glucose tolerance test). At 8 weeks after beginning of the experiment, blood glucose level in the DCF group was significantly lower (p<0.01) than the DC group. Final fasting serum glucose and triglyceride in the DCF group were significantly lower (p<0.05) than the DC group by 32% and 41% respectively. Serum insulin did not differ among the NC, DC and DCF groups. The mRNA expression of adiponectin, GLUT 4 and PPAR-$\gamma$ in adipose tissue in the DC group were significantly lower than the NC group and they were higher in the DCF group than the DC group by 76%, 130% (p<0.05) and 43%, respectively. In conclusion, these results indicated that Corni Fructus would have antidiabetic effects via improving insulin resistance in favor of higher glucose utilization and reducing blood glucose level in db/db mice.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.1060-1069
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• 2002

High insulin level is known to be a risk factor of coronary heart disease. High insulin level with normal glycemic control is known to be an indicator for insulin resistance. This study was aimed to find out the influencing factors for the fasting serum insulin levels in elderly females with normal glycemic control. One hundred thirty-eight older females aged over 60 years without diabetes medication and high blood HBA1c level were examined on the serum fasting insulin concentration, anthropometry and asked about nutrient intake and exercise habits. The elderly were categorized into 3 group according to the fasting insulin level. The high insulin group was in a state of hyperinsulinemia. Except vitamin C, the nutrient intakes showed no difference according to fasting serum insulin level. But the intakes of calorie and protein per kg body weight were significantly lower in the high insulin group. The intakes of most nutrients except vitamin B$_1$, C and niacin were lower than the korean RDA in all the insulin group. Especially, the intakes of vitamin B$_1$ and Ca were below 75% of the korean RDA. Weight, BMI, body fat percent, body fat mass and fat-free mass, circumferences of waist and hip, WHR of elderly females were significantly higher in the group with the highest insulin level. The body fat percent in the highest insulin group was 35.8%. showing a state of obesity. The high insulin group showed higher proportion of low exercise frequencies per week and short exercise duration. Therefore, the mean energy expenditure for exercise were lower in this group, showing a state of very low exercise activity. Age and waist circumference in elderly females could explain to the 14.5% variances of the fasting insulin level according to multiple stepwise regression. It can be concluded that aging and central body fat deposition influence independently the serum fasting insulin level in elderly females with normal glucose level.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.269-281
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• 1995

포도당 중합체 투여로 유도한 고혈당 및 고인슐린 혈증이 인슐린 저항성의 발생에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp 기법으로 측정한 당제거율, 당주입율 및 간의 당생성율과 방사성동위원소를 이용한 골격근의 당원질합성능을 측정한 본 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. Hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp 기법으로 평형상태에서 측정한 당제거율은 포도당 중합체군에서 혈중 인슐린의 생리적 및 최대농도 모두에서 정상대조군에 비해서 감소하였으며(p<0.05) STZ 당뇨군에서도 최대인슐린 농도에서 감소하였다(p<0.05). 당 주입율은 생리적 인슐린 농도에서 포도당 중합체군에서 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 최대인슐린 농도에서는 포도당 중합체군과 STZ 당뇨군에서 다같이 유의한 감소를 보였다(p<0.05). 간의 당생성율은 포도당 중합체군에서 생리적 및 최대인슐린 농도에서 다같이 감소하는 경향이었으며, 최대농도군에서는 유의하게 감소(p<0.05)하였다. STZ 당뇨군에서는 최대인슐린 농도에서 정상대조군 및 포도당 중합체군보다 증가하였다(p<0.05). 골격근과 간의 당원질 합성능은 포도당 중합체군이 정상 대조군과 차이가 없었으나 STZ 당뇨군에서는 감소하였다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과로 볼때 포도당 중합체투여로 유도한 고혈당 및 고인슐린증시 말초조직의 인슐린 저항성이 유발되었으나 soleus근과 간의 당원 합성은 장애가 없어서 STZ 당뇨군과 차이를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.511-520
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• 2008

Purpose: Diabetes mellitus is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders manifested by abnormally high levels of glucose in the blood. Mounting evidence demonstrates that diabetes is a risk factor for gingivitis and periodontitis. The circulating mononuclear phagocytes in diabetic patients with hyperglycemia are chronically exposed to high level of serum glucose. Thus, this study attempted to determine the effect of pre-exposure of monocytes and macrophages to high concentration of glucose on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of pro-inflammatory mediators. Material and Methods: For this purpose, cells were cultured in medium containing normal (5 mM) or high glucose (25 mM) for 4-5 weeks before treatment for 24 h with LPS. LPS was highly purified from Porphyromonas gingivalis or Prevotella intermedia by phenol extraction. Result: Results showed that prolonged pre-exposure of cells to high glucose markedly increased LPS-stimulated NO secretion when compared to normal glucose. In addition to NO, high glucose also augmented LPS-stimulated IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-$\alpha$ secretion after cells were exposed to high glucose for 4 weeks. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that pre-exposure of mononuclear phagocytes with high glucose augments LPS-stimulated production of pro-inflammatory mediators. These findings may explain why periodontal tissue destruction in diabetic patients is more severe than that in non-diabetic individuals.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2017

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the hypoglycemic effects of an ethanol extract of Cassia abbreviata (ECA) bark and the possible mechanisms of its action in diabetic albino rats. Methods: ECA was prepared by soaking the powdered plant material in 70% ethanol. It was filtered and made solvent-free by evaporation on a rotary evaporator. Type 2 diabetes was induced in albino rats by injecting 35 mg/kg body weight (bw) of streptozotocin after having fed the rats a high-fat diet for 2 weeks. Diabetic rats were divided into ECA-150, ECA-300 and Metformin (MET)-180 groups, where the numbers are the doses in mg.kg.bw administered to the groups. Normal (NC) and diabetic (DC) controls were given distilled water. The animals had their fasting blood glucose levels and body weights determined every 7 days for 21 days. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were carried out in all animals at the beginning and the end of the experiment. Liver and kidney samples were harvested for glucose 6 phosphatase (G6Pase) and hexokinase activity analyses. Small intestines and diaphragms from normal rats were used for ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ and glucose uptake studies against the extract. Results: Two doses, 150 and 300 mg/kg bw, significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose levels in diabetic rats and helped them maintain normal body weights. The glucose level in DC rats significantly increased while their body weights decreased. The 150 mg/kg bw dose significantly increased hexokinase and decreased G6Pase activities in the liver and the kidneys. ECA inhibited ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ activity and promoted glucose uptake in the rats' hemi-diaphragms. Conclusion: This study revealed that ECA normalized blood glucose levels and body weights in type 2 diabetic rats. The normalization of the glucose levels may possibly be due to inhibition of ${\alpha}-glucosidase$, decreased G6Pase activity, increased hexokinase activity and improved glucose uptake by muscle tissues.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.220.2-220.2
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• 2003

Many interference in blood should be considered for non-invasive blood glucose level monitoring by near-infrared spectroscopy because blood glucose concentration is about 0.1% (w/v) in normal state. In this study, we investigated the influence of other blood components on blood glucose level monitoring by near-infrared spectroscopy. It carried out by newly developed portable type-NIR system (1100∼2200 nm). Spectrum features of NIR diffuse spectral data were investigated for some blood compnents powder such as hemoglobin, blood serum albumin, urea, uric acid, ascorbate, glucose, cholesterol and as adding glucose powder into other blood components powder mixture. (omitted)

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.203-207
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• 2005

Objectives: Recently, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) redefined the criteria of prediabetes, which has lowered the diagnostic level of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from 110 to 125 mg/dl, down to levels between 100 to 125mg/dl. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive cutoff level of FPG as a risk for the development of diabetes mellitus in Korean men. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 11,423 (64.5%) out of 17,696 males $\leq$30 years of age, and who met the FPG of $\leq$125 mg/dl and hemoglobin A1c of $\leq$ 6.4% criteria, without a history of diabetes, and who were enrolled at the screening center of a certain university hospital between January and December 1999. The subjects were followed from January 1999 to December 2002 (mean follow-up duration; 2.3(${\pm}0.7$) years). They were classified as normal (FPG <100mg/dl), high glucose (FPG $\geq$100mg/dl and <110mg/dl) and impaired fasting glucose (FPG $\geq$110mg/dl and $\leq$125mg/dl) on the basis of their fasting plasma glucose level measured in 1999. We compared the incidence of diabetes between the 3 groups by performing Cox proportional hazards model and used receiver operating characteristic analyses of the FPG level, in order to estimate the optimal cut-off values as predictors of incident diabetes. Results: At the baseline, most of the study subjects were in age in their 30s to 40s (mean age, 41.8(${\pm}7.1$) year). The incidence of diabetes mellitus in this study was 1.19 per 1,000 person-years (95% CI=0.68-1.79), which was much lower than the results of a community-based study that was 5.01 per 1,000 person-years. The relative risks of incident diabetes in the high glucose and impaired fasting glucose groups, compared with the normal glucose group, were 10.3 (95% CI=2.58-41.2) and 95.2 (95% CI= 29.3-309.1), respectively. After adjustment for age, body mass index, and log triglyceride, a FPG greater than 100mg/dl remained significant predictors of incident diabetes. Using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the optimal cutoff level of FPG as a predictor of incident diabetes was 97.5 mg/dl, with a sensitivity and a specificity of 81.0% and 86.0%, respectively. Conclusion: These results suggest that lowering the criteria of impaired fasting glucose is needed in Korean male adults. Future studies on community-based populations, including women, will be required to determine the optimal cutoff level of FPG as a predictor of incident diabetes.