• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2022

This study examined the impact of perceived volume on satiety using 400 g kimchi fried rice in a normal rice bowl (Normal-400), 300 g kimchi fried rice in an augmented rice bowl with an elevated bottom (Illusion-300 and 300 g kimchi fried rice in a normal rice bowl (Normal-300). Thirty-six healthy women took part in this study once a week for three weeks. The Normal-400 (1st week), Illusion-300 (2nd week), and Normal-300 (3rd week) bowls were used to served kimchi fried rice to the same participants over three consecutive weeks. After each lunch, the consumption volume of fried rice, perception volume, and satiety rate were measured. The consumption volume of the fried rice was 313.8 g with the Normal-400, 248.9 g with the Illusion-300 and 240.2 g with the Normal-300. The perceived volume on an estimated five-point scale was 4.0 with the Normal-400, 4.1 with the Illusion-300 and 2.4 with the Normal-300. We compared the post-meal satiety of perceptually equal but quantitatively different amounts of food served in two different bowls (Normal-400 vs Illusion-300) and found that the participants felt equally full with both bowls despite having consumed significantly more food from the Normal-400. We also compared the post-meal satiety of perceptually different but quantitatively equal amounts of food in two different bowls (Illusion-300 vs Normal-300) and discovered that the subjects felt significantly fuller with the Illusion-300 although similar amounts of food were consumed from the two bowls. These two comparisons showed that visual cues play a critical role in determining satiety and that perceived volume is perhaps more important than the actual volume of consumed food, while in determining the level of fullness.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.99-110
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• 2017

In this paper, the effect of normal load on the failure mechanism of echelon joint has been studied using PFC2D. In the first step, calibration of PFC was undertaken with respect to the data obtained from experimental laboratory tests. Then, six different models consisting various echelon joint were prepared and tested under two low and high normal loads. Furthermore, validation of the simulated models were cross checked with the results of direct shear tests performed on non-persistent jointed physical models. The simulations demonstrated that failure patterns were mostly influenced by normal loading, while the shear strength was linked to failure mechanism. When ligament angle is less than $90^{\circ}$, the stable crack growth length is increased by increasing the normal loading. In this condition, fish eyes failure pattern occur in rock bridge. With higher ligament angles, the rock bridge was broken under high normal loading. Applying higher normal loading increases the number of fracture sets while dilation angle and mean orientations of fracture sets with respect to ligament direction will be decreased.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.104-110
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• 1985

The anomalous systemic arterial supply to the lung without sequestration is an uncommon congenital anomaly characterized by the presence of a part of lung tissue which supplied by an aberrant artery from the aorta or its branch and normal communication with the normal bronchial tree, and it was reported by Huber in 1777 first. It differs from bronchopulmonary sequestration in having normal bronchial communication from the remainder lung and normal lung histology. We experienced a case of anomalous systemic arterial supply to the lung without sequestration, which was confirmed preoperatively. The patient was 16 year old male and came to us with complaints of mild fever and profuse sputum with coughing. Chest film showed a ring-like soft tissue shadow in Rt. middle lung field. Aortogram revealed an aberrant artery originated from abdominal aorta at 12th thoracic vertebral level and supplying a part of Rt. lower lobe of lung. At. the time of operation, an aberrant systemic artery which originated from the abdominal aorta supplying the Rt. lower lobe was noted, and the bronchial communications were normal. After division and ligation of the aberrant artery, Rt. lower lobectomy was performed The postoperative courses were uneventful and the patient was discharged with good condition.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.17-21
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• 1974

The experiment was carried out to determine the concentration of vitamin A by Carr-Price reaction ot fifty six sera obtained from normal cows and fourty four sera from the cows with ovarian hypofunction. The results obtained in this work were summerized as follows: 1. The mean values of vitamin A concentration of sera obtained from the cows with ovarian hypofunction were 88 IU/100 ml in summer (grazing), and in winter 79 IU/100 ml (hay) and 173 IU/100 ml (trench silage). The mean values of vitamin A concentration of sera from normal cows were 212 IU/100 ml in summer (grazing), and in winter 113IU/100 ml (hay) and 338IU/100 ml (trench silage). The differences of the concentrations of vitamin A among three groups were statistically highly significant (p<0.01). 2. The differences of vitamin A concentrations between the hay group and the trench silage group in normal cows and in cows with ovarian hypofunction were statistically highly significant (p<0.01). 3. The concentrations of vitamin A in summer group (grazing) were higher than those of the hay group in winter in normal cows and in cows with ovarian hypofunction. 4. The concentrations of vitamin A in the trench silage group in winter were higher than those of summer group (grazing) in normal cows and in cows with ovarian hypofunction.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.48-60
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• 1998

This paper proposes a fourth generation index $C_{psk}$, constructed from $C_{psk}$, by introducing the factor｜$\mu$-T｜ in the numerator as an extra penalty for the departure of the process mean from the preassigned target value T. The motivation behind the introduction of $C_{psk}$ is that when $T\neqM$ process shifts away from target are evaluated without respect to direction. All indices that are now in use assume normally distributed data, and any use of the indices on non-normal data results in inaccurate capability measurements. In this paper, a new process capability index $C_{psk}$ is introduced for non-normal process. The Pearson curve and the Johnson curve are selected for capability index calculation and data modeling the normal-based index $C_{psk}$ is used as the model for non-normal process. A significant result of this research find that the ranking of the six indices, $C_{p}$, $C_{pk}$, $C_{pm}$, ${C^*}_{psk}$, $C_{pmk}$, $C_{psk}$in terms of sensitivity to departure of the process median from the target value from the most sensitive one up to the least sensitive are $C_{psk}$, $C_{pmk}$, ${C^*}_{psk}$,$C_{pm}$, $C_{pk}$, $C_{p}$.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.179-185
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• 2006

Objective : This research was designed to study the characteristics of heart rate variability in postpartum women compared with normal women. Method : HRV data of postpartum women were gathered from 255 women who was hospitalized for oriental postpartum treatments(Age : 25-35). HRV data of comparison group were gathered from 327 women who visited hospital to check up their health(Age : 25-35). The SPSS 12.0 for windows was used to analyze the date and the independent samples t-test was used to verify the result. Result : 1. Mean-RR and SDNN of postpartum women group significantly decreased compared with that of normal women group. But, Heart Rate of postpartum women group significantly increased compared with that of normal women group. 2. HRV-Index, RMSSD and SDSD of postpartum women group significantly decreased compared with that of normal women group. pNN50 of postpartum women group significantly increased compared with that of normal women group. 3. Ln(TP), Ln(VLF), Ln(LF) and Ln(HF) of postpartum women group significantly increased compared with that of normal women group. 4. There were no significant differences in Normal LF, Normal HF and LF/DF Ratio between postpartum women group and normal women group. Conclusion : The result suggest that the function of heart of postpartum women group significantly decreased compared with that of normal women group. Futhermore although the ANS maintained the balance in the range of normality, the sympathetic nervous system frequently revitalized which caused increasing the heart of pulsation.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.386-392
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• 1996

A numerical method based on genetic algorithms was introduced to characterize the grain-size distribution more effectively. This technique was proved significant particularly for multimodal size distributions, as was verified for samples from Korea Strait continental shelf. Sediment samples collected from the Korea Strait continental shelf revealed that $96\%$ of the grain-size distributions were multimodal. Therefore, the use of grain-size parameters was not the ideal method. As an alternative method, the decomposition of sue curves into elementary normal component curves was used. Means and standard deviations of 593 decomposed normal components were calculated by a numerical method from 268 size curves of Korea Strait sediments. The mean values of decomposed normal components showed peaks at $1\~3\phi\;and\;7\~9\phi$ size classes. The plot of mean and standard deviation values of the coarse fraction normal components on the map showed a characteristic areal distribution. The characteristic distribution was found to derive from underlying Pleistocene sediment on the basis of sea bottom geologic distribution of the area. The method of decomposition into normal components was found to be more effective than the analysis using traditional grain-size parameters in investigation of multimodal size distribution of Korea Strait shelf sediment.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.116-122
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• 1993

This study examines the high school girls in Inchon area dividing them into three groups according to their weight, the low-weight group, the normal weight group and the overweight group to find out their food habit and food preference. The result reveals that more students from the low-weight group have breakfast regularly than those from the other two groups, and more students from the low-weight and normal weight groups always have lunch. However, none of the students from those three groups skip their suppers. This study also shows that there are more students from the overweight group having snacks, and more students from the low-weight have the unbalanced diet problem than those from the other two groups. Next, this study examines their attitude toward breakfast. It seems that all the students from three different groups similarly regard breakfast as a very important meal. Additionally in deciding what to eat, the taste of food is considered as the most important factor for them all. In their preference of food taste, there seems to be a slight difference. The students from the low-weight and normal weight groups prefer hot food to sweet food, but those from the overweight group prefer sweet food to hot food. Also in food preference the difference among the groups is that the students from the low-weight and normal groups prefer favorite food and snacks. While those from the overweight groups prefer cereals and noodles.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.23-32
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• 1987

There are variations in regional cranial and facial balance as a normal developmental process and regional imbalances often tend to compensate each other to provide functional equilibrium. This study was designed to analyse the patterns of morphologic harmony and inharmony inherent in normal occlusion and malocclusion. The subjects consisted of 92 individuals with normal occlusion and 60 Class III malocclusion patients. Their lateral cephalograms were traced and analysed using the counterpart analysis described by Enlow. The normal occlusion group was divided into Normal Types A and B according to the relative positions of Points A and B. The following conclusions were reached: 1 The normal occlusion consisted of $28.3\%$ of Normal Type A and $69.6\%$ of Normal Type B. 2. The Normal Type A and B differed from each other in the morphology of the cranial base, the mandibular ramus and corpus, and the functional occlusal plane. The Normal Type B showed considerable mandibular protrusion effect in the effective dimension and alignment of the above factors. 3. Most normal individuals showed some degree of disharmony among morphologic factors but the deviations were relatively small. 4. The Normal Type B was less balanced than the Normal Type A. 5. More regional imbalances were involved in Class III malocclusion and the imbalances were more severe.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and information Science
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.52-57
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• 1996

Detection of arcing high impedance faults has been a perplexing in the power distribution protection. Transient analysis of distribution disturbances for fault discrimination from other normal events is important for a secure protection of the power system. A simple parameter of wave form distortion quantification is used to analyze the behaviors of arcing faults and normal distribution disturbances. Theoretical perspectives of the transients were studied and actual disturbances were examined. From this investigation, a discrimination guideline based on the revised crest factor is developed. The discrimination method has a high potential to enhance the reliability and security for the distribution system protection.