• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.301-306
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• 1997

The present study was carried out to investigate effect of FSH -P dose and energy level on normal embryo production after superovulation in Hanwoo. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. There was a significant effect of dose of FSH-P on normal embryo production in Hanwoo(P$\pm$5.9), 40(4.9i5.7), 50mg(2.2$\pm$2.6). 2. The plasma P$_4$ levels on the first treatment day were higher group( >4ng /ml) than lower group( <=4ng /ml), produced significicantly(P<0.05) higher number of normal embryos. 3. There was a significant effect of energy level on normal embryo production in Hanwoo(P$\pm$6.0), number of normal embryos were higher than TDN 70%(5.1$\pm$6.5) and TDN 130%(4.4$\pm$2.6) 4. The donor returned to normal estrus after superovulation were 44.8, 28.4 and 29.9 days by TDN 70, 100 and 130%, respectively.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2014

Objective: To investigate the association of individual follicular fluid (FF) leptin and adiponectin levels with the quality of the corresponding oocyte and embryo. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 67 women who underwent controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with 89 FF samples. FF and the corresponding oocyte was obtained from a single dominant preovulatory follicle at the time of oocyte retrieval. Concentrations of leptin and adiponectin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in an individual follicle. The oocyte quality, fertilization rate, and corresponding embryo development were assessed. Results: The FF level of leptin was significantly associated with body mass index (r=0.334, p<0.01). The FF adiponectin level was significantly higher in the normal fertilization group than the abnormal fertilization group (p=0.009) in the non-obese women. A lower FF leptin level was associated with a trend toward mature oocytes, normal fertilization, and good embryo quality, although these relationships were not statistically significant. The leptin:adiponectin ratio of FF did not differ significantly according to oocyte and embryo quality. The quality of the oocyte and embryo was not associated with the FF leptin level tertile. However, the normal fertilization rate was positively associated with FF adiponectin level tertile. There was a trend towards improved oocytes and normal fertilization rates with the lowest tertile of the FF leptin:adiponectin ratio, but this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Our results suggest that a high FF adiponectin concentration could be a predictor of normal fertilization. However, the FF leptin concentration and leptin:adiponectin ratio is not significantly related to oocyte maturity and corresponding embryo development.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.156-162
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• 2015

Objective: To investigate fertilization and embryo quality of dysmorphic mature oocytes with specific morphological abnormalities obtained from intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Methods: The fertilization rate (FR) and embryo quality were compared among 58 dysmorphic and 42 normal form oocytes (control 1) obtained from 35 consecutive ICSI cycles, each of which yielded at least one dysmorphic mature oocyte, performed over a period of 5 years. The FR and embryo quality of 441 normal form oocytes from another 119 ICSI cycles that did not involve dysmorphic oocytes served as control 2. Dysmorphic oocytes were classified as having a dark cytoplasm, cytoplasmic granularity, cytoplasmic vacuoles, refractile bodies in the cytoplasm, smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm, an oval shape, an abnormal zona pellucida, a large perivitelline space, debris in the perivitelline space, or an abnormal polar body (PB). Results: The overall FR was significantly lower in dysmorphic oocytes than in normal form oocytes in both the control 1 and control 2 groups. However, embryo quality in the dysmorphic oocyte group and the normal form oocyte groups at day 3 was similar. The FR and embryo quality were similar in the oocyte groups with a single abnormality and multiple abnormalities. Specific abnormalities related with a higher percentage of top-quality embryos were dark cytoplasm (66.7%), abnormal PB (50%), and cytoplasmic vacuoles (25%). Conclusion: The fertilization potential of dysmorphic oocytes in our study was lower, but their subsequent embryonic development and embryo quality was relatively good. We were able to define several specific abnormalities related with good or poor embryo quality.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.3-6
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• 1963

As a part of embryological studies of Panax ginseng, megasporangium and megagametophyte formations were investigated. Ovule is found to be auatropous. Small-sized nucellus is surrounded by thick layered single integument. As the embryo sac develops, the nucellus along with some parts of the inner epidermis of integument disintegrates and completely disappers at flowering stage. Embryo sac takes the type of typical Polygonum although antipodal cells disappear and polar nuclei fuse to form secondary nucleus before fertilization. Mature embryo sac consists of egg apparatus and large secondary nucleus lying adjacent to the egg. Besides the normal ovule, tiny incomplete ovule develops near the base of style. Frequently two normal ovules are formed in a single locule. Chromosome number counted is PMC is n=24.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.248-260
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• 1987

In order to investigate the importance of the prospective mesodermal and endodermal blastomeres at 32-cell stage in the anis formation, blastomeres were deleted or transplanted into the ventrovegital site of another normal embryo. The results are as follows: When the dorsomesodermal or dorsoendodermal blastomeres were deleted, there was a substantial developmental lesion in the axis structure. However, when the ventromesodermal or ventroendodermal blastomeres were deleted, the formation of an axis structure was nearly normal. The dorsomesodermal or dorsoendodermal blastomeres which were transplanted into the ventral side of the normal 32-cell embryo caused the formation of a secondary body axis, and the capacity of the second axis induction in the dorsomesodermal blastomeres was a little higher than that in the dorsoendodermal blastomeres. These results imply that both the dorsomesodermal and dorsoendodermal blastomeres are involved in the formation of a set of dorsal body structures during early embryogenesis. As well, in order to investigate the axis inducing capacity in the early cleavage embryos, the dorsovegital blastomeres were transplanted into the ventrovegital site at 4-cell, 8-cell and 16-ceIL stage respectively. As a ruts·fIt, a second body axis was formed. Therefore, it seems that the early cleavage embryo as 4-cell stage dorsal blastomeres contain some informations necessary for the axis formation.

• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수정란이식학회 2003년도 제3회 발생공학 국제심포지움 및 학술대회
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• pp.26-28
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• 2003

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.57-66
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• 1997

This study was carried out to establish an effective and practical system for commercialization of embryo production techniques by analyzing several factors influencing in vivo embryo production on days and seasons of flushing in Korean native cattle. In vivo embryos were flushed 226 times from 128 donors. The results obtained for the factors influencing in vivo embryo production on days and seasons of flushing were as follows :1.The percentages of fertilized, transferable and freezable embryos by seasons were significantly different in both FSR-P and SUPER-OV(P<0.01). The percentages of them were highest in sunrrner with FS H-P and highest in autumn with SUPER -OV.2. The production of transferable and freezable embryos by flushing days was highest in 8 days with FSH-P, and there was no difference between 7 and 8 days for SUP ER-OV. 3. The failure rates of recovery were 17.0% in SUPER-OV and 21.2% in FSH-P, respectively. The donors superovulated but failed recovery were 8.5% in SUPER-OV and 12.9% in FSH-P, respectively. Nonsuperovulated donors was 8.4% and donors giving less than 2 eggs at recovery was 8.4% in both FSH -P and SUPER-OV 4. The donors returned to normal estrus after superovulation were 34.1% after 1 cycle,39.4% after 2 cycles, and 16.7% after 3 cycles by FSH-P, respectively. For SUPER-OV, they were 55.3, 33.0 and 9.6%, respectively. Generally, normal estrus after the treatment of superovulation was earlier and the occurrence of ovarian cyst was also lower in SUP ER-OV than in FSH-P.5.The percentages of blastocyst in embryos flushed at 7~8 days after estrus were 21. 9% and 54.3% in FSH -P and SUPER-OV, respectively. The development of embryos was faster in SUPER-OV than in FSH-P.(Key words : in vivo embryo, flushing days, superovulation, FSH-P, SUPER-OV)

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.81-86
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• 1998

Recent identification and characterization of plant homeobox genes suggest that they play important roles in morphogenetic events. OSH1, one of the rice homeobox genes, is thought to be related to organ development since the changes of OSH1 gene expression cause morphological abnormalities of leaves by the ectopic expression and is expressed during early embryogenesis. In this experiment, the expression pattern of OSH1 was analyzedinmutants by in situ hybridization, and OSH1's potential as a molecular marker was explored. Region-specific expression of OSH1 during early embryogenesis shows that OSH1 could be used as a molecular marker for characterizing embryo mutants. Although several organless and shootless mutants showed normal expression of OSM1, some mutants exhibited abnormal expression patterns. In a minute organless cle1-1 embryo whose epidermis resembled morphologically the epithelium of scutellum, OSH1 expression was limited to a small basal region. This expression pattern suggests the gross deletion of the basal part. In a radicleless mutant, odm115, OSH1 expression was detected in a basal region instead of subcentral region of the ventral side. Together with other characteristics (short embryo and normal adventitious roots), odm115 was estimated to be derived from the deletion of basal region. Among five shootless mutants, three showed normal expression of OSH1. In the shl2 embryo, no expression of OSH1 was observed. In the shl1 embryo, however, OSH1 expression was extended to a dorsal side, indicating that SHL2 might be related to dorsoventral patterning. The above results of in situ hybrydization clearly indicate that OSH1 can be utilized as a marker for characterizing gene functions of embryo mutants.

• 한국식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물학회 1999년도 제13회 식물생명공학심포지움 New Approaches to Understand Gene Function in Plants and Application to Plant Biotechnology
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• pp.85-89
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• 1999

Somatic embryogendesis is one of good examples of the basic research for plant embryo development as well as an important technique for plant biotechnology. This paper describes the direct somatic embryogenesis from zygotic embryos of Panax ginseng is reversely related to normal axis growth of zygotic embryos by the experiment of various chemical treatments. Under the normal growth condition, the apical tips of embryo axis produced an agar-diffusible substance, which suppressed somatic embryo development from cotyledons. Although the cells of zygotic embryos were released from the restraint of embryo axis, various factors were still involved for somatic embryo development. Electron microscopic observation revealed that the ultrastructure of cells of cotyledon epidermis markedly changed before initiation of embryonic cell division, probably indicating reprogramming events into the cells embryogenically determined state. Polar accumulation of endogenous auxin or cell-cell isolation by plasmolysis pre-treatment is the strong inducer for the somatic embryo development. The cells for the process of somatic embryogenesis might be determined by the physiological conditions fo explants and medium compositions. Direct somatic embryos from cotyledons fo ginseng were originated eithrer from single or multiple cells. The different cellular origin of somatic embryos was originated either from single or multiple cell. The different cellular origin of somatic embryos was depended on various developmental stages of cotyledons. Immature meristematic cotyledons produced multiple cell-derived somatic embryos, which developed into multiple embryos. While fully mature cotyledons produced single cell-derived single embryos with independent state. Plasmolysis pretreatment of cotyledons strongly enhanced single cell-derived somatic embryogenesis. Single embryos were converted into normal plantlets with shoot and roots, while multiple embryos were converted into only multiple shoots. GA3 or a chilling treatment was prerequisite for germination and plant conversion. Low concentration of ammonium ion in medium was necessary for balanced growth of root and shoot of plantlets. Therefore, using above procedures, successful plant regeneration of ginseng was accomplished through direct single embryogenesis, which makes it possible to produce genetically transformed ginseng efficently.

• Plant Resources
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.141-154
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• 2002

In this experiment, three kinds of mutations(ge, re, and eml )relating to the size of embryos were used to study their generation, genetic mechanism and developmental characteristics, and the interactions between embryo and endosperm were also examined. Giant embryo mutation comprises 7 kinds including the already isolated ge, and ge-2, which share an identical gene site. The SAM and the size of radicule for the ge showed little difference compared to a normal type. The number of embryo cells did not increased as much as it would affect the size of embryo. Therefore, the enlargement of embryo was due to the enlargement of scutellum that originated from the corpulence of each cell. Both F$_1$' s of re ]and odm 49 formed reduce embryos, and other combinations of hybridization showed all wild type of embryo sizes. Accordingly, the odm 49 must have an identical gene site of re 1, while odm 48 and odm 62 have different gene sites. Their shoots and radicules also shrank by the same ratio, however no sign of physical change was noticed. The size of embryo cell showed no change, while the number of cells was the half of that of wild types. The three gene sites of re represent all of them control the size of the entire embryo forming organs. The eml 1 was defined to have temperature sensibilities that the generation of endosperms was active at a high temperature while that was hampered at a low temperature.