• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.341-351
• /
• 1995

The relationship between land uses and water quality was investigated at Kyong-an Stream. Some 70% of this watershed was forested area, half of which was comprised of Pinus densilflora community. Concentrations of $NH_4^{+},\;NO_3^{-},\;NO_2^{-}, total nitrogen, $Cl^{-},\;PO_4^{3-}$, DO, and BOD increased gradually from upstream to downstream, whereas heavy metals did not have such tendancy with the exception of a few sites. Urban area was significantly correlated with hardness and chloride concentration. Relationship among phosphate concentration(P), cultivated field area(F), and stream length(S) in each basin was P = 1.7912 F/S＋0.0103. the concentration of $NH_4^{＋}$ was positively correlated with the population size and cow density within the catchment. The effect of urban area(U) and stream length of the pH(pH) was represented by pH = -4.7344 U/S＋6.52. It can be concluded that the control of nonpoint source pollution as well as point source pollution is one of the important problems of water quality management, especially geological properties must be considered for sustainable development.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.761-767
• /
• 2010

This study introduces a model of territorial analysis on Chungcheongnam-do Nonsan-chun valley area, which gives an example of a method of selecting the management area for non-point pollution source from land use to help eliminate its source. High discharge load per unit area signify high level of land ratio with high level of basic unit of development load (including factory sites, school sites, roadways), which mean that there are a significant level of urbanization. It is these areas with the examination of the water quality of the nearby river that should be considered as the management area for non-point pollution source. Thus, the management area for non-point pollution source should be sought in areas with high discharge load per unit area and high density of water pollution area. When level of drainage is high the pollution density level is relatively lower, and when the level of drainage is low the density level is relatively higher. The level of pollution from non-point pollution source is much lower with more water flowing through. The possible non-point pollution source areas that were selected with these standards were then examined with the distance from the river, the slope angle, land usage, elevation, BOD discharge density load, T-N discharge density load, T-P discharge density load, and were given a level one through five. Out of the possible areas Nonsan-si Yeonmu-eup Anshim-li was the densest area, and it was given level one. The level one area should be examined further with the field analysis to be selected as the actual management area for non-point pollution source.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제32권11호
• /
• pp.1030-1037
• /
• 2010

본 연구에서는 비점오염물질 관리를 위한 적정 수변완충폭의 산정 방안과 산정된 수변완충지역에 식재되는 식생 유형에 따른 탄소 축적 효과를 비교하여 수변지역을 친환경적으로 관리하기 위한 방안을 제시하였다. 낙동강 중.하류지역인 낙본 K 유역을 대상으로 수행한 연구 결과 대상 하천에 30~600 m 범위의 수변 폭이 필요한 것으로 분석되었으며, 산출된 수변완충지대 조성 지역에서 논, 밭, 초지, 나대지 등 수변 조성이 용이한 지역은 총 1,776.51 ha로 산출된 지역의 약 50%로 나타났다. 조성이 용이한 1776.51 ha에 활엽수림으로 수변완충지역을 조성할 경우 약 14,526 ton, 혼효림으로 조성할 경우 11,826 ton, 침엽수림으로 조성할 경우 8,382 ton, 다년생 초지로 조성할 경우에는 3,349 ton의 탄소가 각각 매년 축적되는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과 산정된 수변완충지역에 매년 흡수하는 이산화탄소량은 자동차 약 5천대에서 배출되는 이산화탄소량과 비슷하며, 4인 기준 가정 약 2만 가구에서 나오는 이산화탄소량과 유사한 양으로 파악되었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.144-147
• /
• 2014

BACKGROUND: It is essential to prioritize the exact and clear understanding of agricultural nonpoint source pollution (NPS) controls. The realistic policies and systems should also be developed based on this understanding. Therefore, this study aimed to present agricultural Best Management Practices (BMPs) applicable for the fields based on the Delphi survey result. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study deduced the evaluation items to assess each BMP for agricultural NPS control and conducted the surveying using the Delphi method based on agricultural BMP experts. In addition, its on-the-spot application were evaluated. Considering its importance, technical, social and economic proprieties showed that political support was ranked first and followed by cost investment, labor investment, reduction effect and resident participation. The survey findings by agricultural BMP experts showed the good performance of on-the-spot application can be achieved from fertilization by soil testing, residue and green manure application and contour plowing which are applicable within a field. Agricultural BMPs, highly applicable for the fields, were the countermeasures that farmers who are the principal bodies of agricultural NPS control could be participated directly. CONCLUSION: The active participation of farmers is essential for effective control of agricultural NPS. It is necessary to establish various incentive systems.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국농공학회 2003년도 학술발표논문집
• /
• pp.575-578
• /
• 2003

Constructed wetlands have become a popular technology for treating contaminated surface and wastewater. In this study, the field experiment to reduce nonpoint source pollution from watershed runoff during rainy day using wetland and pond. TSS and T-N removal rate of wetland-pond system and pond-wetland system was 91% and 73%, 94% and 70%, respectively and values were same range. $BOD_5$ and T-P removal rate of pond-wetland system (38% and 78%) was higher than wetland-pond system (27% and 62%). overall, pond-wetland system is more useful than wetland-pond system to control NPS.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국농공학회 1999년도 Proceedings of the 1999 Annual Conference The Korean Society of Agricutural Engineers
• /
• pp.105-110
• /
• 1999

Unused irrigation water due to delievery losses and management losses. and ground water releases from infiltration in the paddy irrigation system are eventually returned to the stream. They are called as irrigation return flow. It affects the discharge of drought flow in the down strenamflow. And it may contain chemicals, and threaten streamflow quality . Thus, the accurage estimation of irrigation return flow is important to the streamflow modeling and water resources planning , and also to the control of agriculutral nonpoint source pollution . The irrigation return flow of pumped water was investigated in the Keum river watershed.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제47권1호
• /
• pp.79-91
• /
• 2005

Wetland systems are widely accepted natural water purification systems around the world in nonpoint sources pollution control. Constructed wetlands have become a popular technology for treating contaminated surface and wastewater. In this study, the field experiment to reduce nonpoint source pollution loadings from polluted stream waters using wetland system was performed from June 2002 to March 2004, including winter performance using four newly constructed wetlands. The Dangjin stream water flowing into Seokmun estuarine lake was pumped into wetlands, and inflow and hydraulic residence time of the system was $500m^{3}{\~}1500m^{3}/day\;and\;2{\~}5$ days respectively. After 3 years operation plant-coverage was about $80~90\%$ from zero at initial stage even with no plantation. Average water quality of the influent in growing season was BOD_{5}\;3.96mg/L$, TSS 22.98 mg/L, T-N 3.29 mg/L, T-P 0.30 mg/L. The average removal rate of four wetlands for $BOD_{5},\;TSS,\;T-N\;and\;T-P$ in growing season was $24\%$, $62\%$, $54\%$, and $51\%$, respectively. And average water quality of the influent in winter season was $BOD_{5}$ 4.92 mg/L, TSS 12.47 mg/L, T-N 5.54 mg/L, and T-P 0.32 mg/L, respectively. The average removal rate of four wetlands for them was $-21\%$. $23\%$, $33\%$, and $53\%$, respectively. The reason of higher BOD_{5} effluent concentration in winter season might be that low temperature restrained microorganism activity and a organic body from the withered plant and algae was flown out. Except the result of $BOD_{5}$, the effectiveness of water quality improvement in winter season was satisfactory for treating polluted stream waters, and $BOD_{5}$ variation was within the range of background concentration. Performance of the experimental system was compared with existing data base (NADB), and it was within the range of general system performance. Overall, the wetland system was found to be satisfactory for NPS control such as improvement of polluted stream water.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.986-993
• /
• 2010

Spatially distributed on-site devices such as bioretentions and bioboxfilters are becoming more common as a means of controlling urban stormwater quality. One approach to modeling the cumulative catchment-scale effects of such devices is to resolve the catchment down to the scale of a land parcel or finer, and then to model each device separately. The focus of this study is to propose a semi-distributed model for simulating urban stormwater quantity and identifying best sites for spatially distributed on-site stormwater control devices in an urban drainage system. A detailed model for urban stormwater improvement conceptualization simulation is set up for a $0.9342km^2$.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.30-36
• /
• 2014

BACKGROUND: Best management practices are often implemented to control nonpoint source pollutants. Best management practices need to be simulated and analyzed for effective Best management practices implementations. Filter strip is one of effective Best management practices in agricultural areas. METHODS AND RESULTS: Soil and Water Assessment Tool model was selected to explore the effectiveness of filter strip to control total phosphorous in Golji watershed. Soil and Water Assessment Tool model was calibrated for flow and total phosphorous by Sequential Uncertainty Fittin ver.2 algorithm provided in Soil and Water Assessment Tool-Calibration and Uncertainty Procedures. Three scenarios defined by filter strip width were applied. The filter strip width of 5 m was able to reduce the most amount of total phosphorous. In other words, the total phosphorous reduction by filter strip of 5 m was 28.0%, while the reduction was 17.5% by filter strip of 1 m. However, the reduction per unit filter strip width were 17.4%, 8.0%, and 4.5% for 1 m, 3 m, and 5 m of filter strips, respectively. CONCLUSION: Best management practices need to be simulated and analyzed so that the BMP scenario can be cost-effective. A large size of BMP might be able to control large amount of pollutants, however it would not be indicated as a cost-effective strategy.

• 한국습지학회지
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.145-151
• /
• 2009

현재까지 국내의 수질관리 정책은 점오염원 관리를 우선시 하고 있다. 그러나 계속되는 점오염원의 관리에도 불구하고 호소수의 수질은 악화되고 있다. 비점오염원은 강우 시 발생하는 오염원으로 토지이용에 따라 발생하는 오염물질의 종류와 양이 달라 불확실성이 큰 오염원이므로 점오염원과 함께 비점오염원의 관리가 필요한 실정이다. 다양한 토지이용 중에서 인공초지(공원 묘지) 지점이 차지하는 비율이 낮기 때문에 원단위를 산정하는데 필요한 기초 데이터에 대한 연구가 전무한 상태이다. 따라서 본 연구는 인공초지(공원 묘지) 지점으로부터 강우 시 유출수와 함께 발생하는 비점오염물질의 유출특성 및 상관성을 파악하였다. 그 결과 강우 초기에 오염물질의 농도는 비교적 높게 유출되는 현상을 나타냈으며, 강우가 지속될수록 오염물질의 농도는 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 첨두유량이 발생하면서 유출농도는 증가하였다. 또한 통계분석을 실시한 결과 오염물질별 상관성이 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 향후 부하량과 원단위 산정에 필요한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.