• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.491-510
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• 2005

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of inorganic polyphosphate on bone formation in the calvaria of rabbit in the procedure of guided bone regeneration with bovine cancellous bone graft and titanium reinforced expanded polytetrafluoroethylene(TR-ePTFE) membrane. The rabbits were divided into four groups. Control group I used only TR-ePTFE membrane, control group II used TR-ePTFE membrane and deproteinized bovine bone mineral soaked in saline, experimental group III and IV used TR-ePTFE membrane and deproteinized bovine bone mineral soaked in 1% or 2% inorganic polyphosphate respectively. After decortication in the calvaria, GBR procedure was performed on 12 rabbits with titanium reinforced ePTFE membrane filled with deproteinized bovine bone mineral soaked in saline or inorganic polyphosphate. The animals were sacrificed at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks after the surgery. Decalcified and non-decalcified specimens were processed for histologic and immunohistochemistric analysis. 1. Titanium reinforced ePTFE(TR-ePTFE) membrane showed good spacemaking and cell occlusiveness capability, but it showed poor wound stabilization. 2. The deproteinized bovine bone mineral did not promote bone regeneration, but it acted as a space filler. 3. There was no complete resorption of the deproteinized bovine bone mineral within 8 weeks. 4. 1% inorganic polyphosphate did not promote bone formation, but 2% inorganic polyphosphate promoted bone formation. Within the above results, 2% inorganic polyphosphate could be used effectively for bone regeneration.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1990

Cholesteryl pentanoate $(C_{32}O_2H_{54})$ is orthorhombic, space group $P2_12_12_1$, with a = 21.930(3), b = 21.404(3), c = 6.419(5) $\AA$, Z = 4, V = 3012.8(5)$\AA$$^3$, $D_c$ = 1.04 g$cm^{-3}$, ${\lambda}(Mo\; K{\alpha}$ = 0.71069 $\AA$, $\mu$ = 0.58 $cm^{-1}$, F(000) = 1048, T = 298, R = 0.086 for 1502 unique observed reflections with I > 1.0 $\sigma$ (I). The structure was solved by direct methods and refined by cascade diagonal least-squares refinement. The C-H bond lengths and the methyl groups are fixed and refined as their ideal geometry. A comparison with other cholesteryl esters gives normal structure for the tetracyclic ring, while the tail regions of the side chain and the ester group which stands on end, show a variation from their normal values, presumably due to thermal effects. The molecules are stacked together by non-bonded van der Waals forces with the shortest intermolecular distance of 3.529 $\AA$.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.380-385
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• 2017

Maritime accidents caused by a ship include collisions, sinking, stranding and fire etc. This study is intending to consider fire accidents among such diverse marine accidents. It is much likely that various sorts of fires break out because crews are living in a narrow space for long periods of time consequent on the ship's characteristic of sailing on the sea. This study carried out a simulation through the special program for fire analysis - FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) in order to find the effective evacuation time, i.e. life survival time. Particularly, this study did comparative analysis of the influence on the survival of cadets based on the collected simulation data by fire size and sort. As a result of the analysis, It was analyzed the Evacuation Allowable Limit Temperature $60^{\circ}C$ and resulted that there is no influence in evacuation by temperature. In case of visibility analysis, it reached to 5m which is the Evacuation Allowable Limit at 117 seconds under the condition of wood fire in 1MW. When there is Kerosene in 1MW, it took 92.4 seconds to reach by 5m which is the Evacuation Allowable Limit. Theoretical evacuation time for the non-tilted ship was 118.8 seconds in 1MW sized fire so it is shown that the most passengers are met the evacuation safety in case of wood fire. However, the majority of passengers could not be ensured the evacuation safety in Kerosene case.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.78-84
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• 2005

Charactertistics of growth from graft induced three stock of red pepper cultivar were analysed. R-safe rootstock was more higher and vigorous than that of the Yeok kang, Konesian hot cultivar at seedling stage and had good characteristics for grafting in the space of cut surface and the amount of sap released. Numbers of branches were more numerous in the grafted plants than those of non-grafted as grafting affected their growths in the process of branching. There was no distinct difference in plant height among the different rootstock. However the R-safe rootstock showed considerably high growth in the 41st days after grafting. Grafting was effective in the early flowering and the R-safe was the earliest in flowering because of it's good growth under the low temperature.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.288-293
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• 2013

Purpose: Number of arthroscopic surgery is gradually increasing with development of its equipment and technique. Arthroscopic ankle surgery performed with the traction device has various complications and need more time for preparation. We investigated whether the complication rate increased when surgery was performed without the traction device, and compared the complication rate of arthroscopic surgery with the traction device. Materials and Methods: From January 2009 to June 2012, arthroscopic ankle surgery was performed without the traction device in four hundred eleven cases. There were two hundred sixty-one males and one hundred fifty females. The average age at operation was 35 years (range, 17-56), and the average follow up period was 28 months (range, 12-41). Postoperative symptoms and complications were checked. Results: There were difficulties performing arthroscopic surgery without the traction device in five cases with severe traumatic osteoarthritis. However, after burring and shaving, we had enough space to work on. Superficial peroneal nerve symptom was found in two cases, grooving of talus was found in 11, and saphenous vein injury was found in five. Since preparing for the traction device was unnecessary, we were able to save time with the mean duration of surgery of 50 minutes (range, 30-120). Conclusion: With only manual traction, we could explore the entire ankle joint without damage on cartilage. Yet, skilled arthroscopic technique will be necessary for arthroscopic surgery without the traction device.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.151-161
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• 2014

This study suggests method of expression of nail art utilizing Salvador Dali's Paranoiac Critical Method and produced the actual works based on discussions on Salvador Dali's painting, Paranoiac Critical Method, Nail Art's artistry and technique of expression. The result of the study is as follows: 1) Characteristic of Dali's painting is a Paranoiac Critical Method. If suggesting this characteristic in a method of expression of nail art, a good work which can be expressed on a small space, a nail, representing Dali is selected and 5 tips which are very similar to the rate of the painting are used in order to obtain an aesthetic effect just like a painting. And after composing on tips using the whole paining or part of painting, actual techniques of expression such as Hand Painting, Protranse or Water Decal are used. 2) the result of nail art produced utilizing Dali's Paranoiac Critical Method is as follows. Most of all, for nail art I with the topic of "The Persistence of Memory" (1931), after giving changes to 5 tips for the watch which is a part of the painting, Hand Painting technique is used using Acrylic Painting with colors which are similar colors to the painting. Then for nail art II which adopted "Slave Market with Invisible Bust of Voltaire" (1940), the whole painting is divided into 5 tips and Protranse technique which attaches printed paper onto nails was used. Lastly, for nail art III with the subject of "The Enigma of Desire My Mother, My Mother, My Mother" (1929), Water Decal which is emphasizing the parts of the painting and composing on 5 tips and copying printed picture onto Water Transfer Paper in order to attach on the nails is used. These nail arts show aesthetic characteristics such as fantasy, unconsciousness, grotesque, infinity, non-realism and horror just like paintings.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.45-54
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• 2014

With the spread of game platforms fueled by the development of smartphones, such classic games as and have been transplanted in smartphone and visual media. Which stirred an issue among gamers because classic games were the materials used. However, there is a lot of room for improvement because it developed from a different viewpoint from the experiences of gamers in many cases. Based on the judgment that the reasons why the experiences of gamers were not reproduced in visual media lay in intertextuality between games and visual media, this study analyzed "Pixels" as a case of good intertexts. The analysis results of intertextuality in the game show that it applied quotation, summary, mending, and satirical travesty to the elements only known to gamers in addition to a simple arrangement of representations and parody, thus succeeding in reproducing the experiences of gamers. It also took into account popular appeal with a fresh direction not familiar to non-gamers.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1253-1262
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• 2014

Regression tree is a tree-structured solution in which a simple regression model is fitted to the data in each node made by recursive partitioning of predictor space. There have been many efforts to apply tree algorithms to various regression problems like logistic regression and quantile regression. Recently, algorithms have been expanded to the panel data analysis such as RE-EM algorithm by Sela and Simonoff (2012), and extension of GUIDE by Loh and Zheng (2013). The algorithms are briefly introduced and prediction accuracy of three methods are compared in this paper. In general, RE-EM shows good prediction accuracy with least MSE's in the simulation study. A RE-EM tree fitted to business survey index (BSI) panel data shows that sales BSI is the main factor which affects business entrepreneurs' economic sentiment. The economic sentiment BSI of non-manufacturing industries is higher than that of manufacturing ones among the relatively high sales group.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.179-190
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• 2010

This paper describes a new stochastic heuristic algorithm in engineering problem optimization especially in power system applications. An improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) called adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO), mixed with simulated annealing (SA), is introduced and referred to as APSO-SA. This algorithm uses a novel PSO algorithm (APSO) to increase the convergence rate and incorporate the ability of SA to avoid being trapped in a local optimum. The APSO-SA algorithm efficiency is verified using some benchmark functions. This paper presents the application of APSO-SA to find the optimal location, type and size of flexible AC transmission system devices. Two types of FACTS devices, the thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) and the static VAR compensator (SVC), are considered. The main objectives of the presented method are increasing the voltage stability index and over load factor, decreasing the cost of investment and total real power losses in the power system. In this regard, two cases are considered: single-type devices (same type of FACTS devices) and multi-type devices (combination of TCSC, SVC). Using the proposed method, the locations, type and sizes of FACTS devices are obtained to reach the optimal objective function. The APSO-SA is used to solve the above non.linear programming optimization problem for better accuracy and fast convergence and its results are compared with results of conventional PSO. The presented method expands the search space, improves performance and accelerates to the speed convergence, in comparison with the conventional PSO algorithm. The optimization results are compared with the standard PSO method. This comparison confirms the efficiency and validity of the proposed method. The proposed approach is examined and tested on IEEE 14 bus systems by MATLAB software. Numerical results demonstrate that the APSO-SA is fast and has a much lower computational cost.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 1997

These papers propose an evolutionary algorithm for re-using output of waste fuel of light water reactor system in nuclear power plants. Evolutionary algorithm is useful for optimization of the large space problem. The wastes contain several re-useable elements, and they should be carefully selected and blended to satisfy requirements as input material to the heavy water nuclear reactor system. This problem belongs to a NP-hard like the 0/1 Knapsack problem. Two evolutionary strategies are used as a, pp.oximation algorithms in the highly constrained combinatorial optimization problem. One is the traditional strategy, using random operator with evaluation function, and the other is heuristic based search that uses the vector operator reducing between goal and current status. We also show the method, which performs the feasible teat and solution evaluation by using the vectorized data in problem. Finally, We compare the simulation results of using random operator and vector operator for such combinatorial optimization problems.