• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.1165-1171
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• 2010

The lyotropic mesomorphism of lamellar liquid crystalline phase was examined by observing the swelling behavior of Distearoylphosphatidylcholine(DSPC) in glycerin and panthenol without water. The lyotropic mesomorphism was examined by using DSC, XRDs and Cryo-SEM. Increase of two polar solvents under non-hydrous condition showed distinctive differences in the lyotropic mesomorphism from forming different anisotropic structures with DSPC. Glycerin did not affect to the crystalline region of lamellar phase, whereas typical swelling mesomorphism was shown in the noncrystalline region. In contrast, panthenol showed some effect on the crystalline region, but common swelling mesomorphism was found in the non-crystalline region. In this case, the isopropyl and propyl groups in panthenol were the main factor to affect to the lipophilic domain in the crystalline region of lamellar phase. Also, it was found that the formation of well-arranged lamellar structure only by introducing glycerin and panthenol as a solvent without water, was possible. These results were confirmed by examination of the swelling mesomorphism of liquid crystal membrane triggered by introducing the two polar solvents.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.548-555
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• 2012

Ultrasonic velocity and density measurements have been undertaken for a number of binary liquid mixtures involving different commercial solvent extractants, LIX reagents. The binary mixtures under investigation have been classified under two categories such as polar-polar, and polar-non-polar types. Different theories and relations such as Schaaff's Collision Factor Theory (CFT), Nomoto's relation (NOM), and Van Dael & Vangeel ideal mixing relation (IMR) have been used to evaluate the velocity theoretically for all these binary systems. The relative merits of afore-mentioned theories and relations compared to experimental values of velocity have been discussed in terms of percentage variations. However, the CFT and Nomoto's relation show better agreement with the experimental findings than the ideal mixing relation for all the systems under investigation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.540-549
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• 2021

The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in breast cancer and Myxococcus fulvus KYC4048 is a myxobacterial strain that can produce a variety of bioactive secondary metabolites. Although a previous study revealed that KYC4048 metabolites exhibit anti-proliferative effects on breast cancer, the biochemical mechanism involved in their effects remains unclear. In the present study, KYC4048 metabolites were separated into polar and non-polar (ethyl acetate and n-hexane) fractions via liquid-liquid extraction. The effects of these polar and non-polar KYC4048 metabolites on the viability of breast cancer cells were then determined by MTT assay. Expression levels of Wnt/β-catenin pathway proteins were determined by Western blot analysis. Cell cycle and apoptosis were measured via fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The results revealed that non-polar KYC4048 metabolites induced cell death of breast cancer cells and decreased expression levels of WNT2B, β-catenin, and Wnt target genes (c-Myc and cyclin D1). Moreover, the n-hexane fraction of non-polar KYC4048 metabolites was found most effective in inducing apoptosis, necrosis, and cell cycle arrest, leading us to conclude that it can induce apoptosis of breast cancer cells through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. These findings provide evidence that the n-hexane fraction of non-polar KYC4048 metabolites can be developed as a potential therapeutic agent for breast cancer via inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.718-724
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• 2006

The heterogeneous association behaviour of various concentration binary mixtures of mono alkyl ethers of ethylene glycol with ethyl alcohol were investigated by dielectric measurement in benzene solutions over the entire concentration range at 25 ${^{\circ}C}$. The values of static dielectric constant $\epsilon_0$ of the mixtures were measured at 1 MHz using a four terminal dielectric liquid test fixture and precision LCR meter. The high frequency limiting dielectric constant $\epsilon_\infty$ values were determined by measurement of refractive index $n_D$ ($\epsilon_\infty\;=\;n_D\;^2$). The measured values of $\epsilon_0$ and $\epsilon_\infty$ were used to evaluate the values of excess dielectric constant $\epsilon^E$, effective Kirkwood correlation factor $g^{eff}$ and corrective correlation factor $g_f$ of the binary polar mixtures to obtain qualitative and quantitative information about the H-bond complex formation. The non-linear behaviour of the observed $\epsilon_0$ values of the polar molecules and their mixtures in benzene solvent confirms the variation in the associated structures with change in polar mixture constituents concentration and also by dilution in non-polar solvents. Appearance of the maximum in $\epsilon^E$ values at different concentration of the polar mixtures suggest the formation of stable adduct complex, which depends on the molecular size of the mono alkyl ethers of ethylene glycol. Further, the observed $\epsilon^E$ < 0 also confirms the heterogeneous H-bond complex formation reduces the effective number of dipoles in these polar binary mixtures. In benzene solutions these polar molecules shows the maximum reduce in effective number of dipoles at 50 percent dilutions. But ethyl alcohol rich binary polar mixtures in benzene solvent show the maximum reduce in effective number of dipoles in benzene rich solutions.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.743-748
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• 2013

본 연구의 목적은 수분이 함유된 한지의 수분을 에탄올, 메탄올, 펜탄 등과 같은 비극성물질로 치환하여 한지 여과지를 만드는데 있다. 실험은 적정 비극성물질의 선택 및 적정 건조방법 그리고 제조된 한지여과지의 물리화학적 특성을 알아보기 위하여 수행되었다. 한지 종이필터를 제조하기 위하여 한지에 함유된 수분을 치환하기 위한 최적 물질은 에탄올이었으며 적정한 건조방법은 냉동 후 진공에 의해 수분을 건조하는 냉동건조방법이었다. 냉동건조에 의해 제조된 필터의 겉보기 밀도는 0.11-0.13 g/mL 으로 자연건조방법의 절반 이었으며 공극율은 약 90%로서 다공성을 나타내었다. 전자현미경 관찰결과 자연건조 및 열건조에 의해 제조된 여과지의 섬유는 섬유끼리 매우 가깝게 밀착되어 있었으나 냉동건조에 의해 제조된 섬유는 섬유간에 간격이 이격되어 있었다. 제조된 여과지의 압력손실은 자연건조 및 열건조 여과지보다 냉동건조에 의해 제조된 한지가 매우 낮았으며 BTEX제거효율은 한지의 수분을 비극성 물질에 의해 치환한 것보다 자연건조시킨 한지가 우수하였다.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.36-40
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• 2020

Untargeted metabolomics is a useful tool for drug development focusing on novel chemotherapeutic and chemopreventative agents against cancer cells. In recent years, quadrupole time of flight liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (Q-TOF LC/MS)-based untargeted metabolomic approaches have gained importance to evaluate the effect of these agents at the molecular level. The researchers working on cell culture studies still do not apply standardized methodologies on sample preparation for untargeted metabolomics approaches. In this study, the rough and wet lysis techniques performed on MCF-7 breast cancer cells were compared with each other via the Q-TOF LC/MS-based metabolomic approach. The C18 and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) columns were used for the separation of the metabolites in MCF-7 cell lysates. 505 peaks were detected through the HILIC column and 551 peaks were found through the C18 column for the wet lysis technique. This situation supported by the base peak chromatograms showed that the wet lysis technique allowed us to extract higher number of non-polar metabolites. Almost equal number of metabolites was found for the C18 and HILIC columns (697 peaks for the HILIC column and 695 peaks for the C18 column) when the rough lysis technique was used. However, the intensities of polar metabolites were higher for the rough lysis technique on base peak chromatograms for both the HILIC and C18 columns. Although cell lysis technique, which is the first step in the sample preparation for cell culture studies, does not cause dramatic differences in the number of the detected metabolite peaks, it affects the polar and non-polar metabolite ratio significantly. Therefore, it must be considered carefully especially for in vitro drug development studies.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.4 No.2
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• pp.1078-1081
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• 2003

The polar anchoring strength and surface ordering in a NLC, 4-n-pentyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl (5CB), on a rubbed polyimide (PI) surface containing trifluoromethyl moiety were studied. The large extrapolation length de of 5CB for washing process of water was measured at RS=114 mm. The polar anchoring energy of 5CB on the rubbed PI surface is decreased by the washing process. Also, the polar anchoring energy of 5CB increases with the rubbing strength on the PI surface. The surface ordering of 5CB for all washing processes is smaller than the non-washing process; it is attributed to the washing process.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.36-40
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• 2002

The polar anchoring strength and surface ordering in a NLC,4-n-pentyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl (5CB), on a rubbed polyimide (PI) surface containing trifluoromethyl moiety were studied. The large extrapolation length de of 5CB for washing process of water was measured at RS=114 mm. The polar anchoring energy of 5CB on the rubbed PI surface is decreased by the washing process. Also, the polar anchoring energy of 5CB increases with the rubbing strength on the PI surface. The surface ordering of 5CB for all washing processes is smaller than the non-washing process; it is attributed to the washing process.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 1984

보리가루(쌀보리 품종 중 백동)의 지방질(脂肪質)을 유리(遊離) 및 결합지방질(結合脂肪質)로 분별(分別) 추출(抽出)하고, thin layer chromatorgraphy, column chromatography 및 gas-liquid chromatography에 의하여 각종 성분(成分)을 분리, 동정, 정량하였다. 보리가루의 유리(遊離) 및 결합지방질(結合脂肪質) 함량은 풍건물(風乾物) 기준으로 하여 각각 2.27%, 1.0%였고, 정제(精製) 후에는 각각 2.12%, 0.76%였다. 유리(遊離) 및 결합지방질(結合脂肪質)의 성분(成分)으로 모노글리세리드, 디글리세리드, 트리글리세리드, 유리스테롤, 스테롤 에스테르, 유리지방산 및 극성지방질을 동정(同定)하였다, 유리지방질(遊離脂肪質)에서는 트리글리세리드 56.2%, 유리지방산 14.9%, 스테롤류 13.4% 이었고, 결합지방질(結合脂肪質)에서는 극성지방질 73.8%, 유리지방산 8.4%, 트리글리세리드 5.2%로서 그 패턴이 달리 나타났다. 유리지방질(遊離脂肪質) 중 비극성지방질(非極性脂肪質)의 함량은 93.6%로 결합지방질(結合脂肪質)에서의 26.2%의 4배가량 되었다. 그러나 유리지방질(遊離脂肪質)중 인지방질(燐脂肪質)은 2.5%로 결합지방질(結合脂肪質)에서의 55.5% 의 1/25 가량 되었으며, 당지방질(糖脂肪質)의 경우는 3.9%로 결합지방질(結合脂肪質)의 주요 지방산(脂肪酸)은 각각 리놀레산 52.1%, 54.%, 팔미트산 24.8%, 30.0% 및 올레산 15.6%, 8.8%로서 서로 비슷한 패턴을 보였다. 다만 유리지방질(遊離脂肪質)중 불포화지방산(不飽和脂肪酸)의 함량은 72.8%로서 결합지방질(結合脂肪質)에서의 68.0% 보다 4.8% 더 많았다. 유리(遊離) 및 결합상태(結合長狀態)에서의 비극성지방질(非極性脂肪質), 당지방질(糖脂肪質) 및 인지방질(燐脂肪質)의 지방산(脂肪酸) 조성을 보면 비교한 결과 결합상태(結合狀態)에 따라서는 차이가 없었으나 지방성분(脂肪成分)간에는 약간의 차이가 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.1465-1469
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• 2001

A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed to determine the content of cholesterol in milk and dairy products. To optimize separation of cholesterol, mobile phases including acetonitrile:2-propanol (8:1, v/v), acetonitrile:methanol (3:1, v/v), and acetonitrile:methanoI:2-propanol (7:3: I, v/v/v) were compared. Acetonitrile/methanol/2-propanol was superior to the other mobile phase systems for separating cholesterol. Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) of cholesterol was simplified using a non-polar solvent, hexane, to remove interfering compounds, and had an excellent recovery $(100{\pm}1.0%)$ of cholesterol. A solid phase extraction (SPE) method using Sep-pak $C_{18}$ was developed and compared with LLE. The SPE method was rapid and highly reproducible. Both extraction methods were useful when used in combination with saponification of esterified cholesterol to facilitate total cholesterol determination. The detection limit of cholesterol was $0.01{\mu}g$. The newly developed HPLC method was rapid, simple, and accurate, and has advantages over the many methods commonly used.