• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.88-96
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• 1996

The characteristic analysis of fly ash generated from a fired power plant using bunker-C oil has been investigated. Ash size distribution by an optical microscopy with image processing technique, morphological shape by a scanning electron microscope(SEM) and microscope, chemical composition by the inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry(ICP), and resistivity measurement as a function of temperature and moisture content by the resistivity meter are performed. A study of physical, chemical and electrical characteristics of bunker-C fly ash plays an important role of improving the performance of an electrostatic precipitator and protecting air pollution. The samples of bunker-C fly ash for analysis were collected from the electrostatic precipitator hopper of Ulsan Power Plant Unit 1 and Pusan Power Plant Unit 1. Mass median diameter(MMD) of bunker-C fly ash was measured 12.7${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, while MMD of fly ash generated from the mixture of bunker-C oil(40%) and domestic anthracitic coal(60%) was 25.7${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. The morphological structure of bunker-C fly ash consisted of fine particles of non-spherical shape. The primary chemical components of bunker-C fly ash were composed of SiO2(2.36%), Al2O3(4.91%), Fe2O3(14.33%) and C(11.84%). Resistivity of bunker-C fly ash was found to be increased with increasing temperature at the range of 100~15$0^{\circ}C$ and was measured 103~104 ohm-cm.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.189-193
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• 2020

An MR-based attenuation correction (MRAC) map plays an important role in quantitative positron emission tomography (PET) image evaluation in PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems. However, the MRAC map is affected by the magnetic field inhomogeneity of MRIs. This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of MRAC maps of physical phantoms on PET/MRI images. Phantom measurements were performed using the Siemens Biograph mMR. The modular type physical phantoms that provide assembly versatility for phantom construction were scanned in a four-channel Body Matrix coil. The MRAC map was generated using the two-point Dixon-based segmentation method for whole-body imaging. The modular phantoms were scanned in compact and non-compact assembly configurations. In addition, the phantoms were scanned repeatedly to generate MRAC maps. The acquired MRAC maps show differently assigned values for void areas. An incorrect assignment of a void area was shown on a locally compact space between phantoms. The assigned MRAC values were distorted using a wide field-of-view (FOV). The MRAC values also differed after repeated scans. However, the erroneous MRAC values appeared outside of phantom, except for a large FOV. The MRAC map of the phantom was affected by phantom configuration and the number of scans. A quantitative study using a phantom in a PET/MRI system should be performed after evaluation of the MRAC map characteristics.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.172-188
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• 2001

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to test the effectiveness of the nursing intervention, mutual goal setting, for patients who have had a mastectomy. Special reference was given to King's goal attainment theory and a theoretical framework for establishing an effective nursing strategy to enhance patient recovery is suggested. Method: This research employed a quasi-experimental design which consisted of pretest-posttest non-equivalent control and experimental groups. Data were collected from 37 patients who had a mastectomy and were hospitalized in the Department of Surgery of Y Medical Center from January 2001 to May 2001. The experimental group received the nursing intervention, mutual goal setting four times from the day before the operation to the fifth day after the operation while the control group received only routine nursing care. As postoperative recovery indicators, ROM of arm joints, arm circumference, pain, physical symptoms, oxygen saturation stress, anxiety and body image were measured. Result: The test results are as follows : 1) there were statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups in extension and internal rotation of the shoulder Joint and flexion of the wrist joint. 2) there was no significant difference between the two groups in arm circumference. 3) there were no significant differences between the two groups in pain, physical symptoms, or oxygen saturation. 4) there were no significant differences between the two groups in stress, anxiety, or body Image. On the basis of research results, the following are recommended : 1) The effectiveness of nursing intervention in the acute recovery period as well as long term effects need to be investigated. 2) There is a need to develop an instrument to measure perception which facilitates goal attainment in the interactive setting between patients and nurses.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.34-49
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• 1993

This research aimed to analize the cognitive intensity of valuation(C.I.V) on urban environment as a first stage of the works on evaluative urban image under the hypothesis that it could be interpreted with a correlation analysis between the C.I.V and attitude(Satisfaction of unsatisfaction Intensity) toward urban environment. As a method of a study, 118 cognitive elements were selected representing an urban environment, and each of elements was suggested to citizens of Kyungju with 7 point Likert Scale. The analysis of C.I.V was operated under the three criteria: The first, three of urban space scale(urban scale, neighborhood scale, and housing scale), the second, four elements of urban living environment(safety, amenity, healthfulness, and effectiveness), and the last, thirteen urban unit environment(housing, traffic, education, tourism, medical/health, culture, etc.). The results were as follows: C.I.V to each of 118 elements was cleary defined, showing the possibilities of being applied to a method for subjective, or cognitive evaluation on urban environment: It was revealed that citizens'C.I.V was rather higher in non-physical, qualitative elements than in physical and quantitative ones. This shows well the limitation of the objective method of evaluation of urban environment: The results of the others' studies on the image of Kyungju based on the cognitive approach, being focused on the analysis of the visual aspects of urban structure, cultural assets, historic site and tourism, were almost same as this study but it was quite different for this research to reveal well the citizens' cognition on their living environment of traffic, education, medical, etc..

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.739-744
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• 2002

Recently we have discovered that sediments should be separated from lithosphere, and soil should be separated from biosphere, both sediment and soil will be mixed sediments-soil-sphere (Seso-sphere), which is using particulate mechanics to be solved. Erosion and sediment both are moving by particulate matter with water or wind. But ancient sediments will be erosion same to soil. Nowadays, real soil has already reduced much more. Many places have only remained sediments that have ploughed artificial farming layer. Thus it means sediments-soil-sphere. This paper discusses sediments-soil-sphere erosion modeling. In fact sediments-soil-sphere erosion is including water erosion, wind erosion, melt-water erosion, gravitational water erosion, and mixed erosion. We have established geographical remote sensing information modeling (RSIM) for different erosion that was using remote sensing digital images with geographical ground truth water stations and meteorological observatories data by remote sensing digital images processing and geographical information system (GIS). All of those RSIM will be a geographical multidimensional gray non-linear equation using mathematics equation (non-dimension analysis) and mathematics statistics. The mixed erosion equation is more complex that is a geographical polynomial gray non-linear equation that must use time-space fuzzy condition equations to be solved. RSIM is digital image modeling that has separated physical factors and geographical parameters. There are a lot of geographical analogous criterions that are non-dimensional factor groups. The geographical RSIM could be automatic to change them analogous criterions to be fixed difference scale maps. For example, if smaller scale maps (1:1000 000) that then will be one or two analogous criterions and if larger scale map (1:10 000) that then will be four or five analogous criterions. And the geographical parameters that are including coefficient and indexes will change too with images. The geographical RSIM has higher precision more than mathematics modeling even mathematical equation or mathematical statistics modeling.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.145-148
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• 2006

This study aimed at preventing women from suffering from health problems and stress due to excessive lookism and encouraging them to participate in sports activities to form desirable body image and eventually to live a healthy and sound life. To achieve this goal, this study formed a population with members of sports centers located in Seoul and Daejeon areas as of 2006 and made a sample of 450 participants in physical exercise at a sports center through stratified cluster random sampling and that of 450 non-participants through a survey with mothers and sisters of those students from elementary and secondary schools within the areas for sampling the participants' group, thereby analyzing the data on a total of 900 persons. A questionnaire was used as a tool to collect data; a reliability test presented weight-, health-, and figure-related factors as a=.807, a=.819, and a=.784, respectively. This study used such statistical analysis methods as t-test, One-way ANOVA, and the Analysis of Covariance to analyze data. This study produced the following conclusions through these research methods and procedure. Pticipation in physical exercise has a positive effect on body image. Pticipation in physical exercise at a sports center show higher satisfaction with body image than non-participats.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.391-394
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• 1998

The man-machine interface Is an important factor in the computer system, and it is thought that line-of-sight (LOS) detection technology will allow significant advances in this field. Techniques for detecting LOS for use in human interfaces have been studied［1]［2］. In earlier studies, however, LOS was detected with a head piece, goggles, or through fixing the position of the head. The limitations imposed by these fixed conditions render them unsuitable far use in interfaces, as they have adverse mental or physical effects on humans. Therefore. they have not been sufficiently developed for practical application. Research on non-contact LOS detection is expected to result in a usable LOS man-machine interface［3］［4］, and the current study is intended to be a step in that direction. The authors used color contact lenses for LOS detection, and applied this new method to a computer interface. The use of color contact lenses simplifies image processing. The algorithm used in this study is sufficiently accurate for practical applications. This technique can be used in input devices, in virtual reality applications, and in human engineering research.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.391-396
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• 2020

In this study, we developed a phosphor film screen that can be applied to radiographs during non-destructive testing using Gd₂O₂S:Tb phosphor compounds. The image uniformity of the fabricated phosphor screen film was analyzed by FE-SEM, RMS and RDS analysis. In addition, the tensile strength, elongation, and modulus of elasticity of the Gd₂O₂S:Tb phosphor screen were evaluated by measuring the stress-strain characteristic curve. As a result, it was evaluated that the RSD value had an excellent image uniformity within 10% of the evaluation criteria. In addition, as a result of evaluation of physical properties, the tensile strength was 1.1760 N/㎟, the tensile strength at break was 1.1515 N/㎟. These results suggest that the Gd₂O₂S:Tb phosphor screen fabricated using the room temperature gel-printing method could be applied to digital radiography detectors for radiography.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.13-27
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• 1994

Litho printing ink vehicles based on rosin modified phenolic are faster drying, have better durability, are harder and glosser and have greater resistance to water than ones based on ester gums. Ink-Water balance and rheological properties are important in litho printing process. These physical properties is concerned with molecular weight of Resin to use vehicle. So this paper was studied about the effects of changing molecular weight of Rosin modified phenolic on surface tension, viscosity, pseudoplasticity and printablility of Litho Inks. The results were as follows. 1) The surface tension of model inks depended on the molecular weight of the resin : Dispersion componnent of ink increase but non dispersion component decrease as molecular weight of Resin increase. 2) Water pick-up of litho ink is more fast balance, using low molecular weight of Resin. 3) Viscosity, Yield value and Newtonian value of model inks increase as molecular weight of Resin increase. 4) The litho ink prepared with the modified phenolic of which molecular weight is about 20000 showed the highest printing density and gloss.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.54-57
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• 2007

Recently, multidimensional joint inversion of geophysical data based on fundamentally different physical properties has been actively studied. Joint inversion can provide a way to much more accurately image the subsurface structure. Through the joint inversion, furthermore, it is possible to directly estimate non-geophysical material properties from geophysical measurements. In this study, I derive the objective functions and normal equations of three different joint inversion approaches: one approach based on the structural similarity using cross-gradient, and the other two using the a priori information on the model parameters and the correlation between material properties. Since all the equations derived in this study are based on the same inversion method (smoothness constrained least-squares), it is possible to mix the joint inversion methods so as to produce a new joint inversion algorithm.