• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2000

In an attempt to develop a non-aqueous liquid formulation of practically insoluble biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate (DDB), dissolution and permeation studies were performed. Various non-aqueous DDB solutions were formulated and filled into empty hard capsules. Dissolution rates of a new formulation were compared with those of commercially available DDB preparations using one and eight dose units. Dissolution rates after 2 hr of DDB tablets (DDB 25 mg), hard capsules (DDB 7.5 mg) and soft capsules (DDB 7.5 mg) on market and new formulation (DDB 7.5 mg) were 6.3, 15.0, 84.5 and 98.0%, respectively. Higher doses (8 units) resulted in a supersaturation within one hr of dissolution, and dissolved amounts were reduced markedly. Due to the saturation and precipitation, a directly proportional dose-dissolution relationship was not observed. The addition of copolyvidone and/or glycyrrhizic acid ammonium salt to DDB solution in polyethylene glycol 300 and 400 inhibited the formation of precipitates during dissolution and markedly enhanced the rabbit duodenal permeation of DDB. From the site-specific gastrointestinal permeation studies, it was found that permeation rates of DDB after mixing of non-aqueous DDB solutions with aqueous buffered solutions were faster in the order of $rectal\;<\;colonic\;{\risingdotseq}\;ileal\;{\risingdotseq}\;duodenal\;<\;jejunal\;<\;gastric$.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.464-486
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• 2008

Purpose. Electronic intermediaries (e-intermediaries) are gaining significance in international marketing with the rapid development of e-commerce. The goal of this study is to explain empirically what leads to a higher use of this relatively new exportation alternative. Relying on a resource-based view as our research foundation, we focus on information technology (IT) and non-IT factors as possible determinants. Further, this study brings arguments offered by transaction cost theorists to explain the other non-IT determinants. Methodology/Approach. Data are collected from small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the electronic industry in Korea and the U.S to ensure generalizability. Ordinary least square (OLS) regression is utilized to analyze the data. Findings. This study raises new issues regarding a relatively new type of exporting channel, e-intermediary. Exporting is regarded as the most appropriate strategy for SMEs in international commerce. A number of SMEs stay away from exporting due to limited resources or lack of knowledge regarding foreign markets. The findings in this study should help SMEs use e-intermediaries more widely by developing appropriate IT-related resources (IT-related human and relationship assets) and dealing with non-IT factors (international competence, environmental uncertainty, and duration of relationship) effectively. Originality/Value/Contribution. This study illustrates the significant role of e-intermediaries, which may help SMEs to penetrate the global market effectively. Finding relevant sources in the global e-marketplace is a challenge for non-experienced users like SMEs. This study proposes e-intermediaries as an effective alternative for them. Another contribution of this study is to show how the use of indirect exporting channels, e-intermediaries, decrease costs in exporting transactions. This study suggests an e-intermediary as a hybrid exporting channel to balance risk and profit.

• 복식
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• 제39권
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• pp.125-138
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• 1998

In order to help apparel manufactures and marketers to promote apparel products more efficiently, and aid them in instilling brand names or brand images more distinctively in the minds of target consumers, it is the intent of this study (1) to investigate on the high-school girls brand loyalty and the brand discernment, self image(product image), and the buying behavior of casual wear. The subjects were 532 female high school students selected from the four high school in Seoul. The data were collected by self-admin-istered questionnaires. The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, T-test, x2-test, and correspondence analysis. (1) 29.1% of the female students were cat-egorized as the brand loyalty group that was smaller than the non-brand loyalty group(70.9%). (2) In identifying the relationship between the demographic factors and the brand loyalty, the monthly household income and the month-ly personnel expenses were statistically significant. Namely, higher household income and the monthly personnel expenses were statistically significant. Namely, higher household income and the monthly personnel expenses there were, higher the brand loyalty was revealed. (3) The power of discernment was statistically significant according to the brand loyalty. That is, the brand loyalty group was more outstanding than latest fashion brands, the high-price brands, and the better-style brands in terms of design, color, and fabric. (4) The self image was also statistically significant according to the brand loyalty, Wher-eas the brand loyalty group preferred the unique, high-quality, sexy, and active self-images, non-brand loylty group revealed to prefer the non-noticeable and feminine self-images. The findings of this study will assist apparel manufactures and marketers in better identifying the target market, and in subsequently adjusting their products, brand image, and promotional activities in order to reach the target market more efficiently.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.123-156
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• 2012

본 연구는 국내위성산업에 관련된 위성면허와 위성에 필요요소인 전파(spectrum) 관리(할당방식)방안에 대해 발전된 다른 여러 나라들과 비교, 분석하여 앞으로 국내 위성산업정책의 미흡점과 보완을 위한 제안을 서술하였다. 위성산업은 나라의 주력산업이며, 국방, 안보 등에 의해 서로 다른 특성을 보인다. 또한 이것은 서로의 시장의 규모나 국제관계에 의해 결정되기 때문에 미국, 일본 ITU와 같은 우주선진국 혹 국제기구 등의 정책과 사례들의 검토를 통해 단순한 정책의 도입보다는 국내의 여건에 맞게 정책을 융합하는 방안을 검토하였다. 연구의 방법은 각 나라(미국, 일본)의 유사 정책들을 알아보며 국내의 필요정책을 찾아 보완, 연구한 것이며 타국정책과의 비슷한 사례를 찾아 타국과의 정책에 대한 결과를 비교분석하여 보완점을 연구하였다. 단순한 다른 나라의 정책도입이 아닌 국내의 여건을 분석하여 국내정책의 최상의 합의점을 찾고자 하였다. 국내의 위성면허허가 방식은 다른 나라들과는 특별한 차이점이나 보완점이 필요하지 않지만 타국면허위성(non-Korean license satellite)을 이용하는 경우에 비교대상인 미국이나 일본과 다르게 국내시장의 여건에 맞게 보완되어야 한다. 또한 위성산업의 핵심적인 스펙트럼(Spectrum) 관리(할당방식)는 국내의 효율적인 우주자원의 확보를 위해 유한자원으로서 빠르게 발전, 변화하는 국제수요와 국내시장의 특성에 맞는 새로운 개선방안을 위한 연구다. 할당방식을 미국의 경매와 같은 시장에 의한 방식(market based approach)과 유한자원의 희소성을 고려한 자원의 공유, 임대, 재배치 등 자유화를 통한 배타적 점유방식을 피하는 방식을 상황에 맞게 사용하는 새로운 형식의 정책이 국내시장을 위한 대안이라고 생각되었다.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.121-141
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• 2017

세계 미백화장품시장은 복합된 기능을 포함한'복합기능성화장품'시장으로 빠르게 넘어가고 있다. 또한 고기능성화장품시장인 코스메슈티컬시장은 복합기능성화장품 시장과 함께 성장하고 있다. 더불어 복합기능성화장품 시장에서 미백기능을 포함한 천연화장품 시장은 전세계에서 성장하고 있다. 전세계 기능성화장품 유통채널은 '미용과 디지털(Beauty and Digital)'을 통한 디지털 커뮤니케이션(digital communication)이다. 글로벌 기업들은 브랜드와 소비자 사이에서 새로운 공간에 관계를 추가하고 있다. 그렇기에 전세계적인 미백화장품 유통 채널의 변화현상은 기존과 다른 공간에서 고객과 소통될 수 있어야 한다는 중요성을 시사를 할 것이다. 국내 미백화장품시장은 2015년 기준 연평균성장률 -3.61%로 감소하고 있다. 반면에 복합유형시장은 연평균성장률 33.28%로 지속적인 성장을 나타내고 있다. 국내 미백화장품시장은 2008년 이후로 기존의 방문판매 중심의 유통채널에서 변화되었다. 특히 온라인채널은 오프라인채널 대비 약1/6 수준이지만, 2014년 기준으로 온라인쇼핑의 전년대비증가율이 27.1%를 나타냈다. 향후에는 오프라인의 판매비중과 비슷해지거나 뛰어넘을 것으로 예측된다. 미백화장품의 유통채널은 변화하고 있고, 온라인 유통채널은 성장하고 있어, 국내 기업들은 새로운 미백화장품 유통채널과 기존의 오프라인 채널을 동시에 공략하는 전략이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 신규기업의 미백화장품시장 진출 시, 기존의 미백화장품시장보다 복합기능성화장품 내의 천연화장품으로의 진입을 고려해야 할 것으로 판단된다. 국내 미백화장품 시장 경쟁력을 확보하기 위해서는 브랜드 차별성을 확보하거나 유통채널의 변화를 추구하여 기업과 고객이 새로운 공간에서 커뮤나케이션을 구축할 수 있는 진출방안을 모색할 필요가 있다.

• 사물인터넷융복합논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.85-96
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• 2022

본 연구 목적은 디지털 경제 시대에 요구되는 경영전략과 조직문화가 경영성과에 어떠한 영향이 있는지를 규명하였다. 디지털 선도국가로 접근하는데 필요한 경영전략과 조직문화에 대한 기초 자료를 제공하였다. 자료수집은 2022년 3월 1일부터 5월 30일까지 J도에 소재하며 디지털 경제에 관련된 산업을 하고 있는 기업을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문조사는 온라인 비대면 조사를 진행하였고, 총 225개의 기업이 조사에 참여하였다. 통계분석은 빈도분석, 탐색적 요인분석 및 신뢰도 분석, 군집분석, 독립표본 t-test, 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 조직문화는 혁신지향, 관계지향, 과업지향, 위계지향에서 선호도에 따라 높은 집단과 낮은 집단으로 분류되었다. 둘째, 조직문화 4가지 유형은 선호도에 따라 공격형 전략, 분석형 전략, 방어형 전략, 차별화 전략, 원가우위 전략, 재무성과, 비재무성과에서 차이가 나타났다. 셋째, 재무성과에 미치는 경영전략은 분석형 전략, 차별화 전략, 공격형 전략, 원가우위 전략으로 나타났다. 넷째, 비재무성과에 미치는 경영전략은 차별화 전략, 방어형 전략, 분석형 전략, 공격형 전략, 원가우위 전략, 집중화 전략으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 재무성과에 미치는 조직문화는 과업지향으로 나타났다. 여섯째, 비재무성과에 미치는 조직문화는 혁신지향, 관계지향으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구를 통하여 국내 시장에서는 경기가 활성화 되고, 글로벌 시장에서는 새롭게 도약할 수 있는 성장 생태계가 조성되길 기대한다.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.189-206
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• 2020

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to clarify the mediating effect of profitability and activity in the relationship between productivity and stock return, assuming that the productivity of the company will affect share prices with the parameters of profitability and activity. Design/methodology/approach - The study extracted productivity indicators, profitability indicators, activity indicators, and share price-related indicators from 1999 to 2018 of non-financial enterprises listed on the securities market, and then classified them into three factors: productivity (labor productivity LP, capital productivity CP), activity (TT), and profitability (net profit rate NI, operating profit ratio OI) through the factor analysis method, and analyzed the impact of each factor on the stock return through steps 1 to 3. Findings - The regression analysis shows that productivity has a significant positive effect on the stock return through the full mediating effect of profitability and activity. Research implications or Originality - In a situation where the relationship between productivity and profitability is not clear, this study is meaningful in that it has empirically analyzed that productivity has a positive effect on the stock return by mediating effects of profitability and activity.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.61-82
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• 2022

Purpose - This study analyzed the effect of obtaining international products and qualification certification on exports according to the suitability evaluation system. Recently, non-tariff barriers have emerged as technical barriers, and the Biden administration is trying to achieve export growth and economic growth by utilizing the demand for conformity assessment following the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the free trade system from the perspective of Korea. Design/methodology - This study analyzed the effect of a manufacturer's product certification acquisition on a company's export performance using Resource-Based View-based multiple regression analysis. To this end, concentration validity was confirmed through Factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha, and correlation analysis was performed to verify discriminant validity. Findings - Product certification and qualification have a positive impact on the company's export performance. In particular, technological dynamism and relationship control have had a significant impact. Originality/value - Considering that the Conformity Assessment Management Act will take effect in earnest in 2022, this study is believed to suggest that companies that have been certified to meet international standards may improve their export performance and increase their value in the future. International market.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.15-28
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• 2017

Purpose - Many researchers analyze VMI as a supply chain collaboration program to reveal its true value. Most of them focus on the dyadic relationship in two stage supply chain systems. This study examines the effect of VMI when it is applied to the different parts of three stage supply chain systems. Research design, data, and methodology - Based on three stage supply chain, this study compares three different systems including full VMI, partial VMI, and non-VMI by using mathematical models. The performances of three systems are compared with the numerical examples of the proposed supply chain models. Results - The numerical examples reveal that full VMI where the manufacturer controls inventories at all stages outperforms any other systems in terms of the system profit and enables all individual members to gain greater profits than non-VMI. Meanwhile, under partial VMI where VMI is implemented between the wholesaler and retailer, only these two members improve their performances and the manufacturer who does not belong to VMI makes less profit than even under non-VMI. This study also examines the impact of market size and profit margin on the system performance. Conclusions - The result of this study supports the common belief that VMI secures the best result when it is applied to the entire supply chain system. The additional findings from the numerical analysis are discussed.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권7호
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• pp.361-367
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• 2020

Researching the influence and role of CEO overconfidence to dividend policy is important for stock market investors. Therefore, this study was conducted to find out the relationship between CEO overconfidence and dividend policy in industrial enterprises in Vietnam. Data collected from 222 industry enterprises listed on the Vietnam Stock Exchange from 2012 to 2018. Data is collected on financial statements of listed companies. GLS model with panel data is used to analyze regression results. The results show that CEO overconfidence has dividend yield higher than CEO non-overconfidence. At the same time, the dividend payout ratio of enterprises has no difference between CEO overconfidence and CEO non-overconfidence. The results also showed that revenue growth has a positive impact on dividend yield in small enterprises, but negative impact on dividend payout in large enterprises. Research results by firm size have similar results with the general analysis for all enterprises. At the same time, the analysis of ownership type shows that CEO overconfidence has a positive impact on dividend yield of non-state enterprises without affecting other types of enterprises. From these results, the authors also made a number of recommendations to help investors choose businesses to invest in accordance with their strategies.