• 산업기술연구
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• 제27권B호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2007

We studied runoff characteristics of combined sewer overflows in a city while it was raining. The event mean concentration (EMC) of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand ($COD_{Cr}$), suspended solids (SS), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) in one of the combined sewer sites in Chuncheon was 63.5-211.6 mg/L, 114.9-523.8 mg/L, 70.3-436.4 mg/L, 6.4-33.0 mg/L, and 1.09-6.81 mg/L, respectively. In another combined sewer, the EMC of BOD, COD, SS, TN, and TP was 42.1-131.4 mg/L, 107.7-256.5 mg/L, 33.7-221.1 mg/L, 7.9-26.4 mg/L, and 1.16-3.91 mg/L, respectively. The ratio of the cumulative pollutant mass and the cumulative discharged volume determined using all parameters (BOD, $COD_{Cr}$, SS, TN, and TP) was over 1.0, which shows the first flush effect. Relationships between flow and loadings of BOD, $COD_{Cr}$, SS, TN, and TP were 0.90, 0.89, 0.88, 0.89, 0.92, respectively. Although the size of two areas was almost same, pollutant concentration and loading were different because of the amount of rainfall, rainfall intensity and basin area.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.441-447
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• 2022

Silicon-based materials are one of the most promising anode active materials in lithium-ion battery. A carbon layer decorated on the surface of silicon particles efficiently suppresses the large volume expansion of silicon and improves electrical conductivity. Carbon coating through chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is one of the most effective strategies to synthesize carbon- coated silicon materials suitable for mass production. Herein, we synthesized carbon coated SiOx via pilot scale CVD reactor (P-SiO_x@C) and carbon coated SiO_x via industrial scale CVD reactor (I-SiO_x@C) to identify physical characteristic changes according to the CVD capacity. Reduced size silicon domains and local non-uniform carbon coating layer were detected in I-SiO_x@C due to non-uniform temperature distribution in the industrial scale CVD reactor with large capacity, resulting in increased surface area due to severe electrolyte consumption.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.519-524
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• 2021

최근 4차 산업혁명은 주요 선진국을 중심으로 세계의 국가들의 관심을 갖는 분야가 되고 있다. 4차 산업혁명 기술의 핵심기술인 인공지능기술은 다양한 분야에 융합하는 형태로 발전하고 있으며, 에듀테크 분야에도 많은 영향을 미치고 있으며 교육을 혁신적으로 변화하기 위해 많은 관심과 노력을 하고 있다. 본 논문은 DTW 음성인식 알고리즘을 이용하여 실험환경을 구축하고 다양한 원어민 데이터와 비원어민 데이터를 딥러닝 학습하고, CNN 알고리즘과의 비교를 통해 영어 발음의 유사도를 측정하여 비원어민이 원어민과 유사한 발음으로 교정할 수 있도록 연구한다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.139-149
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• 2022

Korea's Corona 19(COVID-19) quarantine, referred to as 'K-Quarantine', is a globally recognized quarantine system that has achieved both conflicting goals: health and economy. The quarantine system represented by 3T(Test-Trace-Treat) is not a method of blocking an area, but a method of screening and treating infected and non-infected persons. The screening center, one of the key elements of this screening treatment system, has evolved to suit the timing and situation of COVID-19, and has succeeded in initial response by conducting large-scale tests quickly and safely. By analyzing the evolution of screening centers that produced such significant results from a problem-solving point of view, it proved its meaning as a practical success case of creative problem-solving. In addition, the usefulness of TRIZ (Russian abbreviation of Theory of Solving Inventive Problem), a creative problem-solving theory, was confirmed through an analysis of actual verified cases of COVID-19 response. TRIZ is a problem-solving theory created by analyzing the regularity of invention patents, and is widely used not only in the technical field but also in the non-technical fields such as design, management, and education. The results of this study are expected to provide useful meaning and practical examples to researchers interested in system analysis and TRIZ application from a problem-solving perspective.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.437-445
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• 2015

Objective: The aims of this study are to investigate the trends of intellectual property in order to identify the ergonomic approaches on musculoskeletal disorders, harmful factors of musculoskeletal disorders, and to find the potential applicability of motion capture technology. Background: Ergonomic posture assessment tools often showed interrater variance, though the usage is easy and practical in industrial fields. Moreover new technologies such as motion capture showed the potential applicability in posture assessment. So ergonomists and practitioners became interested in the intellectual properties on musculoskeletal disorder and motion capture technology. Method: Intellectual properties were collected with the combination of keywords such as ergonomic, musculoskeletal disorder, and motion capture using the KIPRIS (Korea Intellectual Property Rights Information Service). Collected intellectual properties were classified into ergonomic area and non-ergonomic area, except unexamined intellectual properties. This study investigated the trend of application of intellectual properties and the probability of using motion capture technology. Results: Few intellectual properties with ergonomic approach on musculoskeletal disorders were founded, despite many products for rehabilitation and sports. One hundred twenty five patents in 1105 patents on musculoskeletal disorders and 138 patents in 1908 patents on motion capture technology were classified into the patents that ergonomic approach can be applied. The patents related to ergonomics area are rapidly increasing after 2010, and there are good opportunities for ergonomists to apply the patents. Conclusion: This study found opportunities on novel methodology in detecting the harmful factors of musculoskeletal disorders, and that the motion capture technology is applicable in ergonomic posture assessment. Application: The results of this study can help ergonomists prepare the ergonomic patents, and can show the potential use of motion capture technology in detecting the harmful posture of musculoskeletal disorders.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.43-54
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of policies on water quality management based on the changes in pollutants and water quality in Special Water Preservation Area (SWPA) of Lake Paldang watershed from 1990 to 2016. The population, total sewage and flow rate of wastewater in SWPA continuously increased from 1990 to 2016, while the location of new facilities for industrial and livestock facilities has been restricted. However, unlike the buffer zone in which industrial and livestock facilities were continuously reduced after implementing of TMDL, it was found that the effect of land-use regulations on industrial and livestock facilities in SWPA were mitigated by the increase in the size of large facilities. Since 1999 when the emission standard of public sewage treatment plants (STP) was changed, the water quality of Lake Paldang has increased despite the increase of pollutant source. Since emission standard of STP changed in 2012 (BOD 5 mg/L, TP 0.2 mg/L), BOD concentration in Lake Paldang has also improved to the level of water quality in the early 1990s where as TP concentration has remained at its lowest since 1990. BOD and TP average discharge concentration of 43 STP (${\geq}500m^3/day$) in 2016 have been maintained $1.7{\pm}0.7mg/L$ and $0.06{\pm}0.02mg/L$ respectively. While the discharged load of STP in SWPA was decreased by the concentration management, the contribution rate to the total discharged load of non-point pollutants increased to 70 % in 2015, and the contribution rate to the point discharged load of individual treatment facilities increased to 80 %.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.248-254
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• 2023

This study aims to measure the skin rigidity of different facial areas among Koreans and propose guidelines for each area's skin rigidity that can be applied with a facial robot for testing respiratory protective devices. The facial skin rigidity of 40 participants, which included 20 men and 20 women, aged 20 to 50, was analyzed. The rigidity measurement was conducted in 13 facial areas, including six areas in contact with the mask and seven non-contact areas, by referring to the facial measurement guidelines of Size Korea. The facial rigidity was measured using the Durometer RX-1600-OO while in a supine position. The measurement procedure involved contacting the durometer vertically with the reference point, repeating the measurement of the same area five times, and using the average of three values whose variability was between 0.4 and 4.2 Shore OO. The rigidity data analysis used precision analysis, descriptive statistics analysis, and mixed-effect ANOVA. The analysis confirmed the rigidity of the 13 measurement areas, with the highest rigidity of the face being at the nose and forehead points, with values of 51.2 and 50.8, respectively, and the lowest rigidity being at the chin and center of the cheek points, with values of 19.2 and 20.7, respectively. Significant differences between gender groups were observed in four areas: the tip of the nose, the point below the chin, the area below the lower jaw, and the inner concha.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.111-121
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• 2007

도시산업구조의 진단과 예측은 지속가능한 도시발전계획수립을 위한 주요한 과제이다. 지금까지의 산업관련 도시공간구조 연구들은 주로 도시산업체 자료나 총 종사자수 자료를 활용하여 산업유형별 공간분포의 측정에 집중되어져 왔다. 그러나 최근 비정규직 문제를 포함한 근로자의 종사상 지위가 중요한 이슈가 되는 시점에서 본 연구는 읍면동 단위의 1994년 및 2004년 종사상 지위별 자료를 수집하고 동 변화자료를 기반으로 공간분석 단위를 일치시킨 후 GIS를 활용하여 종사상 지위분류체계 자료를 활용한 도시산업구조의 질적 변화를 공간적 관점에서 해석하였다. GIS환경에서 부산시 산업구조의 종사상지위 유형별 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전통적인 노동집약적 산업이 한계에 부딪히고, 서비스업 및 도소매업은 영세한 생계형으로 진행되어 부산의 고용흡수력이 떨어질 수밖에 없었으며 통계상으로는 종사자의 수가 증가하였으나 비정규직과 비임금 노동자가 급증하면서 부산지역 일자리의 질이 하락하고 있는 것으로 측정되었다. 둘째, 전통적인 도심지는 쇠퇴하는 반면 신도시나 신흥공업단지가 형성된 지역, 제조업보다 서비스업이 발달한 지역이 일자리가 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 본 연구의 결과는 도시발전의 근간이 되는 산업구조의 행태적 패턴 뿐 아니라 종사상지위라는 질적 평가를 통한 장기적 차원의 산업발전계획안 마련을 위한 기초자료로서의 활용을 기대한다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2005

Conventional non-destructive techniques for inspection of the weld in pipelines require significant test time and high cost. Ultrasonic guided waves have been widely studied and successfully applied to various non-destructive tests with advantage of the long-range inspection. In this paper, a study on the application of ultrasonic guided waves to the long-range inspection of the pipeline is presented using a long-range guided wave inspection system, Wavemaker SE16, GUL. The characteristics and setup of the long-range guided wave inspection system and experimental results in pipes of with various diameter are introduced. The experimental results in mock-up pipes with cluster type detects show that the minimum detectable wall thickness reduction with this guided wave system is $2\~3\%$ in the pipe cross section area. And the wall thickness reduction of $5\%$ in cross section area can be detected when actual detection level is used. Therefore, the applicability of the guided wave systeme to long-range inspection of wall thickness reduction in pipes is verified.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제29권4B호
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• pp.385-396
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 현재 업무, 영업, 욕탕, 공공용수 등으로 구분되어 있는 비가정용수의 업종을 국가산업표준분류에 근거하여 9개 대분류 40개 중 소분류로 세분화하여 각 업종별 사용량 원단위를 도출하였다. 논산, 서산 등 6개 도시의 비가정용수 월별사용량자료와 통계청에서 조사하는 사업장별 산업서비스조사 자료를 토대로 각 업종별 사용량 원단위, 면적, 종업원 등의 상관관계분석, 세부업종별 분산분석 등을 수행하여 통계적으로 의미있는 원단위 특성을 제시하였다. 비가정용수 주요업종의 사용량 원단위를 미국 5개 지역에서 조사된 자료와 비교한 결과, 모든 업종에서 단위면적당 사용량이 미국에 비해 적은것으로 나타났다. 조사자료 가운데 효과적인 물사용량(Efficiency Benchmarks)으로 추천되는 누적확률 25%에 해당하는 값의 경우에도 우리나라 물사용량이 적었으며, 특히 학교의 경우 단위면적당 1일 사용량($0.4{\sim}6.2l/m^2/d$)과 학생 1인당 1일 사용량(11.9-64.0 l/student/d)의 평균값과 범위가 매우 유사한 결과를 보였다. 비가정용수의 용수사용량에 영향을 미치는 내외부인자에 대하여 상관관계분석을 수행한 결과, 비가정용수사용량의 원단위 기준인자로서는 단위면적이 가장 적절한 것으로 나\widehat{타났으며, 다만 교육업의 경우 구성원의 물사용경향이 일정하기 때문에 단위면적보다도 학생수(교직원포함})와 물사용량사이의 상관관계가 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 대표적인 외부인자인 기온에 따른 각 업종별 물사용량 변화를 분석한 결과, 학원업, 도소매업, 음식점업이 기온에 따라 물사용량 증감이 뚜렷하였고, 숙박업과 병원업은 기온과의 상관성이 매우 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과에서는 비가정용수의 합리적인 수요관리를 위해서 기존의 상수도통계에서 구분하고 있는 업종에 대한 재검토 필요성을 제기하였으며, 이러한 업종구분을 토대로 통계청의 산업서비스 조사자료와 지자체 수도요금부과자료를 이용하여 비가정용수의 세부업종별 물사용량을 추적하여 분석하고 관리할 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다.