• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.101-109
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• 2001

We created an environmental forest on the basis of ecological design around the incineration plant of Jindo Engineering and Construction Co., Ltd., which is located in Jeongwang-dong, Siheung-si, Kyunggi-do. To get ecological information of this site, physico-chemical properties of soil on salt marsh, which is located close to the syudy site and of forest soil transported from other sites for ecological restoration were analyzed. Texture of salt marsh and transported soils were loam and sandy loam, respectively. pH, organic matter, T-N, available P, and exchangeable K and Na contents of salt marsh and transported forest soils were 6.7 and 5.4, 4.1 and 0.4%, 1.0 and 0.3mg/g, 46.7 and 6.8ppm, 521 and 207ppm, and 3.8 and 0.5mg/g, respectively. Introduced plants were selected among the dominant species of forests and the species composing the potential natural vegetation around the present study site. Those plants were selected again by considering the tolerances to air pollution and to salt, and their availability. Selected trees were Pinus thunbergii, Sophora japonica, Celtis sinensis, Quercus aliena, Q. serrata, Q. dentata, and Q. acutissima. Selected sub-trees were Albizzia julibrissin, Koelreuteria poniculata, and Styrax japonica and shrubs were Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense, R. mucronulatum, Callicarpa japonica, Euonymus alatus, E. japonica, and R. schlippenbachii. On the other hand, introduction of herbs was not considered except for Liriope platyphylla, which was ornamentally planted in one site. Planting bed of mound type was adopted to provide the fine drainage system. Mound was designed to furnish litter, A, B, and C layers simuating the profile of forest soil. Slope of mound was mulched by rice straw of 2cm in thickness to prevent for sliding of litter and soil in cases of strong wind or heavy rain. Height of mound was designed to secure more than 1 m by combining A and B layers. Narrow zones, in which mound with stable slope degree cannot be prepared, was designed to equip the standard soil depth with the introduction of stone for supporting. On the other hand, plants with shallow root system were arranged in some zones, in which satisfactory soil depth cannot be ensured. Plants were arranged in the order of tree, sub-tree, and shrub from center to edge on the mound to make a mature forest of a dome shape in the future. Dispersion of plants was designed to be random pattern rather than clumped one. Problems on creation of the environmental forest by such ecological design were found to be management or inspection by non-specialized project operators and inspecting officers, and regulations for construction without ecological background. Alternative plans to solve such problems were suggested.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.190-195
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• 2018

Sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] represents an attractive starch crop that can be used to facilitate solving global food and environmental problems in the $21^{st}$ century. It can be used as industrial bioreactors to produce various high value-added materials, including bio-ethanol, functional feed, antioxidants, as well as food resources. The non-profit Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) announced sweetpotato as one of the ten 'super foods' for better health, since it contains high levels of low molecular weight antioxidants such as vitamin-C, vitamin-E and carotenoids, as well as dietary fiber and potassium. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) also reported that sweetpotato is the best bioenergy crop among starch crops on marginal lands, that does not affect food security. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimated that world population in 2050 will be 9.7 billion, and require approximately 1.7 times more food than today. In this respect, sweetpotato will be a solution to solving problems such as food, energy, health, and environment facing the globe in the $21^{st}$ century. In this paper, the current status of resources, and cultivation of sweetpotato in the world was first described. Development of a new northern route of the sweetpotato and its prior tasks of large scale cultivation of sweetpotato, were also described in terms of global food security, and production of high-value added biomaterials.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2014

In order to seek more eco-friend, economic and safer quarantine method than current methyl bromide fumigation, the convergent treatment with 200 Gy of gamma irradiation and several chemicals such as nano-siver particles (NSS), sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) was tried on the cuttings of lily in the packing of catonnage box for export. With 6 independent experiments of gamma irradiation on the three lily cultivars, cvs. Siberia, Le reve and Sorbonne, incidence and severity of lily leaf blight was investigated on leaves and petals at 8-d after infection. 200 Gy of gamma irradiation decreased at 13-25% of severity on the leaf of Sorbonne, but it increased at 2-5% of severity on the leaf of Siberia and Le reve. Chemical substitutes such as NSS and NaDCC were not effective to control of lily blight on cuttings. By 200 Gy of gamma irradiation treatment, chlorophyll contents were statistically significantly decreased at 12-d after irradiation and the longevities vaselife of fully open flower of Siberia and Sorbonne were increased at 0.4 to 1.2 days. In addition, the relative fresh weights of the gamma irradiated cuttings were severely dried compared to the non-irradiated control. On the other hands, the symptoms of phyto-toxicity of high dose gamma irradiation at 1 or 2 kGy on cv. Siberia were to be blight at the tip of bloom, bent necks of flower, and delayed the process of flowering.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.51-58
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• 2007

This research investigated the effect of different onggi containers (Korean earthenware) on the ripening of kochujang (Korean hot pepper paste). The physical characteristics of 'onggi', were evaluated as function of manufacturing variables such as raw material soils (onggi-specific soil, red brown soil, and fine powdered soil) and galzing treatments. The physical properties were then related to the compositional quality changes of the kochujang fermented at $30^{\circ}C$ for 4 months. The porosity of the onggi containers seems to be increased by the content of finer raw soil rather than the chemical component of soil (amount of CaO, MgO, $K_2O$ and $Na_2O$, acting as melting aid in the firing). Natural glaze was measured to contain higher contents of CaO, MgO, $K_2O$ and $Na_2O$ than the other soils, which is desirable property for the fired onggi. The glazed surface showed higher far-infrared radiation emissivity than the non-glazed part. The kochujang fermented in P0-BG (the glazed onggi from 100 % onggi soil) attained higher concentration of reducing sugar, amino nitrogen and nucleotides compared to those in the other onggis. All of these changes of kochujang in P0-BG resulted in significantly better sensory quality than the other treatments.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to inhibit biofouling on a selectively permeable membrane (SPM) and increase biomass productivity in marine photobioreactors (PBRs) for microalgal cultivation by chemical treatment. Surfaces of a SPM, composed of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), was sulfonated to decrease hydrophobicity through attaching negatively charged sulfonic groups. Reaction time of sulfonation was varied from 0 min to 60 min. As the reaction time increased, the water contact angle value of SPM surface was decreased from $75.5^{\circ}$ to $44.5^{\circ}$, indicating decrease of surface hydrophobicity. Furthermore, the water permeability of sulfonated SPM was increased from $5.42mL/m^2/s$ to $10.58mL/m^2/s$, which reflects higher nutrients transfer rates through the membranes, due to decreased hydrophobicity. When cultivating Tetraselmis sp. using 100-mL floating PBRs with sulfonated SPMs, biomass productivity was improved by 34% compared with the control group (non-reacted SPMs). In addition, scanning electron microscopic observation of SPMs used for cultivation clearly revealed lower degree of cell attachment on the sulfonated SPMs. These results suggest that sulfornation of a PET SPM could improve microalgal biomass productivity by increasing nutrients transfer rates and inhibiting biofouling by algal cells.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.77-90
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• 2009

Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy(NIRS) is a quick, accurate, and non-destructive method to measure multiple nutrient components in plant leaves. This study was to acquire a liner regression equation by evaluating the nutrient contents of 'CY2' creeping bentgrass rapidly and accurately using NIRS. In particular, nitrogen fertility is a primary element to keep maintaining good quality of turfgrass. Nitrogen, moisture, carbohydrate, and starch were assessed and analyzed from 'CY2' creeping bentgrass clippings. A linear regression equation was obtained from accessing NIRS values from NIR spectrophotometer(NIR system, Model XDS, XM-1100 series, FOSS, Sweden) programmed with WinISI III project manager v1.50e and ISIscan(R) (Infrasoft International) and calibrated with laboratory values via chemical analysis from an authorized institute. The equation was formulated as MPLS(modified partial least squares) analyzing laboratory values and mathematically pre-treated spectra. The accuracy of the acquired equation was confirmed with SEP(standard error of prediction), which indicated as correlation coefficient($r^2$) and prediction error of sample unacquainted, followed by the verification of model equation of real values and these monitoring results. As results of monitoring, $r^2$ of nitrogen, moisture, and carbohydrate in 'CY2' creeping bentgrass was 0.840, 0.904, and 0.944, respectively. SEP was 0.066, 1.868, and 0.601, respectively. After outlier treatment, $r^2$ was 0.892, 0.925, and 0.971, while SEP was 0.052, 1.577, and 0.394, respectively, which totally showed a high correlation. However, $r^2$ of starch was 0.464, which appeared a low correlation. Thereof, the verified equation appearing higher $r^2$ of nitrogen, moisture, and carbohydrate showed its higher accuracy of prediction model, which finally could be put into practical use for turf management system.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.201-206
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• 1984

In order to obtain an easy and effective scarification method for stimulating the seed germination of Korean lawn grass (Zoysia japonica Steud.), sodium hypochlorite (SH), which is used as a commercial bleach and a seed disinfestant, was tested as a chemical scarifier instead of potassium hydroxide (KOH). 1. Scarification with 4% SH for 2 hours followed by 8-hour water-rinse stimulated seed germination more effectively compared to generalized scarification method by KOH treatment. 2. The degree of stimulating seed gemination was different by the various water-rinsing time after SH treatment, but the optimum rinsing time was about 4 to 8 hours. 3. GA treatment after SH scarification stimulated seed germination. However, the stimulation effect of GA was not showed in non-scarified control. 4. SH treatment significantly decreased the percentage of the infection of microflora in seed samples compared to KOH treatment. 5. Under practical seed scarification conditions for stimulating germination of Korean lawn grass seed. SH may have advantages over KOH with respect to ease of preparing, securing and handling.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.153-156
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• 2012

Surveys were conducted on the occurrence of nematodes in the root systems of 1-3-year old Cymbidium hybida Swartz cultivated for export in Korea. The most frequently detected plant-parasitic nematode was Ditylenchus sp. with 4.7, 43.7, and 49.7/200 cc growth medium in 1, 2, and 3 year-old cymbidiums, respectively. And the densities of non-parasitic nematodes, dorylaimids, were 35.3, 70.5, and 155.8/200 cc growth medium in 1, 2, and 3-year-old cymbidiums, respectively. Three-year-old cymbidiums collected from Siheung, Ansan, and Gimpo had low densities of Aphelenchus sp. and Aphelenchoides sp. with under 40 individuals/pot, and the dorylaimid densities were 56-824/pot. To evaluate the effects of nematicides on Ditylenchus sp. in cymbidium, Emamectin benzoate EC, Fosthiazate SL, and Cadusafos CS were tested at two farms in Ansan and Gimpo. Emamectin benzoate EC showed control effects of 75.7 and 89.5%, whereas Fosthiazate SL and Cadusafos CS showed 27.2 and 65.3% and 30.1 and 90.5% control effects in the tests.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.190-201
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• 2001

Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry(IDMS) is one of the analytical method which uses enriched isotope spikes and analyzes the abundance of element by comparison of the spectrum between spiked mass and non-spike mass. Especially, the Thermal Ion Mass Spectrometry with isotope dilution technique (in general ID-TIMS) is the most accurate method of the chemical analysis, which enables us to obtain the data better than 1% in accuracy and precision. In IDMS, enriched isotope spike is one of the most important factor in order to obtain the best data. For rare earth elements, in general, a mixture of /sup 138/La, /sup 142/Ce, /sup 145/Nd, /sup 149/Sm, /sup 151/Sm, /sup 151/Eu, /sup 157/Gd, /sup 163/Dy, /sup 167/Er, /sup 171/Yb, and /sup 176/Lu is used as composite spike. IDMS is very useful in geochronology and REE geochemistry. Especially, it is very effective in studying the “tetrad effect” of rare earth elements in natural samples.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.44-47
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• 2006

Symptoms of aspirin overdose may vary from acid-base disturbance, electrolyte abnormality, non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, chemical hepatitis, seizure to cardiac toxicity. Cardiac adverse effects from aspirin are uncommon but there are reports of arrhythmia, cardiopulmonary arrest, and myocardial infarction. We report 2 cases of young women with aspirin overdose who exhibited ischemic changes on their ECGs a few hours after the ingestion with spontaneous recovery in a few days. First case, a 29 year old woman, presented to the emergency department 6 hours after ingesting 250 tablets of aspirin (325 mg/T). On examination, the temperature was $36.3^{\circ}C$: blood pressure, 105/72mmHg; Pulse, 111/min and respiratory rate, 24/min. Second case, a 27 year old woman, an hour after ingesting 60 tablets (325mg/T). On examination, the temperature was $36.0^{\circ}C$: blood pressure, 102/72 mmHg; pulse, 89/min and respiratory rate, 25/min. In both cases, ECG after 6 hours of ingestion had sinus tachycardia and developed T wave inversion on the anterior leads in the following ECGs. Their initial serum salicylate levels after 6 hours of ingestion were 71.2 mg/dL and 28.4 mg/dL respectively. These salicylate levels were resolving when these ECGs were observed. The ECG changes resolved in the following days and they were discharged without any further symptoms. Further studies are needed, but for the time being, when dealing with salicylate overdose, transient cardiac depression should be kept in mind to avoid adverse ischemic cardiac events.