• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.35-61
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• 2003

Background： The purpose of this study was to develop a structured and individualized smoking prevention program for adolescents by utilizing a multimedia computer-assisted instruction model and to empirically assess its effect. Method： For the purpose of this study, a guide book of smoking prevention program for middle and high school students was developed as the first step. The contents of this book were summarized and developed into an actual multimedia CAI smoking prevention program according to the Gane ＆ Briggs instructional design and Keller's ARCS motivation design models as the second step. At the final step, the short-tenn effects of this program were examined by an experiment. This experiment were made for middle school and high school students and the quasi experimental design was the pretest - intervention - posttest. The measured data was attitude, belief, and knowledge about smoking, interest in the program, and learning motivation. Result： The results of this study were as follows： First, the guide book of a smoking prevention program was developed and the existing literature on adolescent smoking was analyzed to develop the content of the guide book. Then the curriculum was divided into three main domains on tobacco and smoking history, smoking and health, adolescent smoking and each main domain was divided into sub-domains. Second, the contents of the guide book were translated into a multimedia CAI program of smoking prevention througn Powerpoint software according to the instructional design theory. The characteristics of this program were interactive, learner controllable, and structured The program contents consisted of entrance(5.6％), history of tobacco(30％), smoking and health(38.9％), adolescent smoking(22.2％), video(4.7％), and exit(1.6％). Multimedia materials consisted of text(121), sound and music, image(still 84, dynamic 32), and videogram(6). The program took about 40 minutes to complete. Third, the results on analysis of the program effects were as follows： 1) There was significant knowledge increase between the pre-test and post-test with total mean difference 3.44, and the highest increase was in the 1st grade students of high school(p＜0.001). 2) There was significant decrease in general belief on smoking between the pre-test and post-test with total mean difference 0.28. In subgroup analysis, the difference was significantly higher in the 1st grade of high school (p<0.001), low income class (p<0.001), and daily smokers (p<0.01). 3) There was no significant difference in attitudes on his personal smoking between the pre-test and post-test. 4) The interest in the program seemed to lower as students got older. The score of motivation toward this prevention program was the highest in the middle school 3rd grade. Among sub-domains of motivation, the confidence score was the highest. Conclusion： To be most effective, the smoking prevention program for adolescents should utilize the most up-to-date and accurate information on smoking, and then instructional material should be developed so that the learners can approach the program with enjoyment. Through this study, a guide book with the most up-to-date information was developed and the multimedia CAI smoking prevention program was also developed based on the guide book. The program showed positive effect on the students' knowledge and belief in smoking.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6451-6457
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• 2013

Background and Purpose: Indigenous people who leave their hometowns and move to the city to earn a living became urban aboriginals. During the process of adapting to urban living situations, they may use various coping strategies such as smoking to overcome their stress. Therefore, it is crucial to provide health education including smoking prevention, increasing knowledge regarding of tobacco hazard, self-efficacy of anti-smoking, and adjusting smoking behavior so as to empower their anti-smoking motivation to prevent lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of an anti-smoking program on urban aboriginals in Taiwan. Methods: A quasi-experimental study design with purposeful sampling was employed. A total of 125 aboriginal subjects were recruited from two local churches at Shu Lin area in northern Taiwan. Subjects were divided into an experimental group (n =64 ) and a control group (n = 61). Both took pre-tests in order to set baseline values, and only the experimental group participated for 3-weeks in the anti-smoking program classes. Both groups took post-tests immediately after the intervention in order to evaluate the immediate effects of the teaching program, and a follow-up test was conducted four weeks after the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANCOVA, and repeat measure ANCOVA. Results: After controlling for confounding variables, the results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the self-efficacy of anti-smoking and smoking behavior between experimental and control groups in the immediately post-test and the follow-up test (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant differences in the recognition of hazards of smoking at eiter time point. Conclusions and Implications for Practice: The findings of this study revealed that the anti-smoking program effectively improved self-efficacy of anti-smoking, and decreased the smoking behavior in urban aboriginals. They provide useful information as a reference regarding of aboriginal health promotion to health providers. It is imperative that anti-smoking be reinforced for those regular smokers to prevent induction of lung cancer.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.471-480
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• 2002

Objectives: This study was designed to provide basic information for smoking prevention education for middle school students by examining their knowledge and attitudes toward smoking. Method: A survey was conducted in this study on 1.250 students from 12 middle schools in the six educational bureaus in the Busan region. Results from the preliminary survey showed that the reliability of the instruments for knowledge and attitudes toward smoking were 0.84 and 0.86. respectively. The data for this study were collected for 20 days from Dec. 1 to 20, 2000, and then statistically analyzed with the SAS program using frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. and two-way ANOVA. Results: (1) The highest frequency of responses found that both male and female students did not smoke at all. Among 170 students who had experiences of smoking, 66.5% reported they tried smoking because of curiosity, and 38.2% reported they first smoked during the 2nd grade of middle school and 1.2% during 4th grade of primary school. (2) In scores on smoking knowledge, the item with the highest score in both male and female students was one that they had no smoking experiences et al. followed by smoking experiences in the past and experiences of regular smoking. (3) In scores on attitude toward smoking, both male and female students were scored as the highest at the item that they had no smoking experiences et all. followed by the item that they smoked in the past and that they experienced regular smoking. (4) There was no significant correlation between knowledge and attitude toward smoking among the whole subjects (r=0.09. P=0.00). With regard to regular smoking experiences among the male and female students at the 3rd grade of middle school. there was a relatively high correlation between knowledge and attitude toward smoking among them (r=0.57. P=0.00: r=0.56. P=0.01). Conclusion: Students who had never smoked or smoked only in the past need smoking prevention education consistently. Particularly, for those who were regular smokers, not only individualized but also organized in small size groups, they need an intensive educational program on the basis of counseling to reduce smoking and to put in practice smoking cessation.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.3 s.63
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• pp.124-134
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• 2005

Objectives : This study was peformed to evaluate the actual state and the effects of Smoking Prevention or Stop-Smoking Programs (Sp/SSP) for middle school students and to confirm students' needs for Oriental Medical Treatments (OMT) in SP/SSP. Methods : Thirty-nine middle school students who took part in the SP/SSP of the Public Health Center (PHC) in July 2004 answered the questionnaire. There were twenty students in $PHC{\alpha}$, and 19 students in $PHC{\beta}$. Resillts : 1. At the elementary school, SP/SSP is not enough, compared with middle school (p=.000). 2. Subjects preferred tile documents from PCH to those from school $(PCH{\alpha}: p-value=.002,\;PCH{\beta}: p-value=.004)$ 3. There was no mention of OMT in school SP/SSP. 4. The degree of thinking about need of teaming OMT in SSP has a positive correlationship (p-value=.000) with intention to be treated with auricular acupuncture therapy. Results : The SP/SSP for middle-school students must be improved to be more active, more experimental and more individual. Also, a more various, positive approach in OMT is required toward the Stop-Smoking Program.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.535-543
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• 2019

This study was conducted to identify the factors related to the patient demographics and smoking factors on smoking cessation success and maintenance of subjects at the 6th and 12th week at a public hospital. This study utilized secondary data collected through the smoking cessation program of the 2014 public health care program, which is mediated for 6 weeks and checked for maintenance on the 12th week. The data were analyzed by the chi-square test, t-test and logistic regression analysis. There were 90 subjects in total, 85 men (94.45%) and 5 women (5.55%). The smoking success group and smoking failure group showed significant differences in family type (${\chi}^2=4.496$, p=0.037), education (${\chi}^2=12.253$, p=0.002), smoking amount per day before program (t=-2.906, p=0.005), and nicotine dependence before program (t=-3.081, p=0.003) after 6 weeks. Factors influencing smoking cessation success were religion (OR=3.719, 95% CI=1.076-12.859) and nicotine dependence before program (OR=0.713, 95% CI=0.520-0.976). Factors influencing smoking cessation maintenance were family type (OR=0.017, 95% CI=0.001-0.507) and no-smoking willingness (OR=2.062, 95% CI=1.059-4.015). For smoking cessation to be successful and sustainable, it is necessary to develop programs specific for the characteristics of the subjects; accordingly, continuous research and support are needed.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2008

Purpose: The study were to identify difference in self-efficacy according to perceived health status in male smokers. Methods: The subjects were 138 male smoker in Seoul and Incheon. The data was collected using structured questionnaires from ninth of July to 16th of August in 2007. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and ANOVA with SPSS 14.0. Result: Participants showed that a high level of total self-efficacy score $3.40{\pm}.43$, general self-efficacy score $3.39{\pm}.46$, social self-efficacy score $3.44{\pm}.55$. There were significant difference total self-efficacy and general self-efficacy in accordance with perceived health status. But there were no significant difference social self-efficacy in accordance with perceived health status. With the result of this study, the subjects smoked $14.48{\pm}11.04$ years and 90.4% of the subjects were highly perceived that the health status of oneself above of moderate state and self-efficacy score. Conclusion: Therefore raising a perception about smoking dangerous, the prohibition of smoking program development which emphasizes the noxiousness of smoking for must precede, recognizes the necessity of prohibition of smoking and prohibition of smoking decision in one smoker comes to seem with the fact that own effect increase program for a prohibition of smoking maintenance.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.306-318
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• 2009

Objectives : There were reports about the decreasing of quit-smoking ratio because of taking professional advices. This study were to investigate smoking prevalence rate of the dental hygienist study in nationwide and quit-smoking counseling activity for patients in dental clinic. Methods : The registered Korea Dental Hygienists Association Meeting in 2005 were recruited as subjects. The personal surveyed, 486(87.7%) returned completed questionnaires. Results : The smoking rate of dental hygienist is 3.1%, past smoking rate 1.4% and smoking cessation 95.5%. In smoking cessation counseling activity, only 20.8% of dental hygienist would advise to quit smoking. However, 63.8% intended to advise to quit smoking but they have no idea about quit smoking program and 15.4% had no intention of advising to quit. It is a whole consent that Smoking dental hygienist is tend to against smoking and necessary training about smoking cessation same opinion. Conclusions : Dental hygienist is more effective for health care professional to help people stop smoking, therefore dental hygienist is important for them to have through knowledge of subject and confidence in their role in smoking cessation.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.19-30
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• 2008

This study has comparatively analyzed the primary success factors in smoking cessation among new enrollees and re-enrollees of a smoking cessation clinic in order to find out how to efficiently operate smoking cessation clinics at public health centers. The study was conducted with 262,837 smokers aged 19 or over who were provided with smoking cessation services for more than 6 months after being registered with the smoking cessation clinic at public health centers(250 clinics nationwide) from July 16, 2006 to July 15, 2007. After dividing smokers into re-enrollees and new enrollees of the smoking cessation clinic, the success rate of and success factors for smoking cessation over 6 months have been investigated. The success factors in smoking cessation have been compared between new enrollees and re-enrollees of smoking cessation clinics. The results can be summarized as follows: First, the success rate of smoking cessation for 6 months at smoking cessation clinics of public health centers was higher in new enrollees (46.3%) than in re-enrollees (41.1%). Second, the common factors that had an influence on the success of smoking cessation of both new enrollees and re-enrollees of the smoking cessation clinic included age, social security, service, frequency of counseling, number of cigarettes per day, and alcoholic problems. Third, compared to new enrollees, re-enrollees had a higher success rate of smoking cessation as they got older. In terms of the success rate of health insurance, on the contrary, new enrollees were better than re-enrollees. Fourth, the study showed a higher success rate in smoking cessation in both new and re-enrollees if they had no alcoholic problems. In particular, a higher success rate was observed in re-enrollees when there were no alcoholic problems. To efficiently operate smoking cessation clinics at public health centers, this study confirmed that counseling should be tailored depending on the types of enrollees in the program.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.1-21
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• 2007

Adolescent psychosocial smoking prevention programs have been successful, but limited in the magnitude of program effects. The present study is the secondary analysis after the previous study estimated mean effect sizes in smoking knowledge, attitudes, skills, and behaviors with treatment variables. Regardless of overall program effect estimations that other meta.analysis studies have done, this study is conducted to identify explanatory variables that are likely to increase program effects. A decrease of adolescent smoking behaviors is associated with the following factors: a. Younger students ($5^{th}-7^{th}$) than older students ($8^{th}-12^{th}$). b. Research methodology using true experimental design, quasi experimental design with equivalence between groups, use of random assignment, 10% or less attrition rate, use of a no treatment control group, high implementation fidelity, and/or acceptable instrumentation reliability. c. Programs using trained peer leaders, targeting cigarette smoking only, implementing 10 or more treatment sessions and/ or providing booster sessions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.93-105
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• 2002

This study was aimed at identifying on the state and knowledge toward smoking and passive smoking in middle school students. The data were collected from 6th. to 18th. August, 2001. Subject were 125 middle school students who were participated in the Smoking Cessation Program of S Health Agency in Busan. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS program for frequency, percent, mean, and chi-square test. The smoking related state and attitude of subjects were as follows; the nurmber of the smoking students are 10(8.0 %) at present, 19(15.2 %) at past experience, 53(42.4 %) having at present smoking friends, 73(58.4 %) having at present smoking family. Also the smoking starting time of present or past smoking experience was the middle school; 12(9.6 %) and elementary school; 11(8.8 %). They started because of the peer group members; 12(9.6 %), curiosity; 8(6.4 %), and looking good; 7(5.6 %). The passive smoking related state and attitude of subjects were as follows; the number of the passive smoking aware rates are very well level; 71(56.8 %), well level; 54(43.2 %). The exposed experience to passive smoking was always; 38(30.4 %), sometimes; 86(68.8 %), not experience; 1(0.8 5). The place of exposure to passive smoking was game rooms; 67(53.6 %), house; 30(24.0 %), fast food place or cafeteria; 10(8.0 %), and street or in a vehicle ; 3(2.4 %). The main smoker to passive smoking exposure was unknown person; 61(48.8 %), grand parents or parents; 43(34.4 %), brothers or friends; 8(6.4 %), teachers; 4(3.2 %). The chief complant of passive smoking exposure was dyspnea; 36(28.8 %), coughing; 34(27.2 5), dizziness; 21(16.8 %), no symptom; 18(14.4 %). The mostly affected smoker to passive smoking exposure was parents; 52(41.6 %), brothers or friends; 48(38.4 %). The health affected perception to passive smoking exposure was very affected; 109(87.2 %), not affected; 3(2.4 %). In conclusion, it can be well recognized that considerable number of middle school students is exposed to the passive smoking in their homes and by unknown persons, but, their knowledge and attitude toward the exposure to passive smoking is not effective. Therefore, it is hoped that regular smoking education program at school and restriction campaign in home and the public place is necessary.