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Why is ecological restoration practiced differently from the international community in Korea? (우리나라에서는 왜 생태복원이 국제사회와 다르게 진행될까?)

  • Chang Seok Lee
    • Journal of Wetlands Research
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.394-407
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    • 2023
  • Ecological restoration is an ecological technology that diagnoses problematic ecological spaces and restores the damaged ecosystem to a healthy appearance similar to its original appearance based on reference information obtained by analyzing intact nature. To achieve successful restoration, the project must be carried out in respect of a series of procedures. However, in Korea, restoration projects are usually actively promoted regardless of diagnostic evaluation, which wastes cost and energy, and the effect is not significant. As the reference information is not utilized, ecological restoration to return the damaged nature makes features different greatly from the appearance of nature, causing another damage. As the restoration effect is not evaluated, it is impossible to determine whether it is successful or not, and as a result, even if the project continues, there is no development and no effect. However, advanced societies have not only made academic progress by respecting these procedures but also have great economic effects along with the improvement of environmental conditions as ecological restoration has become an industry. Therefore, the international society recognizes ecological restoration as an important means of solving environmental problems at the global level, including climate change, and international organizations are actively promoting projects to treat the injured planet. However, most of the restoration projects promoted in Korea were evaluated below the level as a result of the evaluation of the effect. Nevertheless, those who have led low-quality projects are blocking plans to establish ecological restoration as a new industry that can contribute significantly to improving these levels, and thus the problem is expected to worsen. To solve this problem, it is necessary to filter out defective businesses by introducing a strict and correct project evaluation system by dividing it into before and after. Furthermore, it is necessary to establish ecological restoration as an industry and leave the process in the principles of the market.

A CEPHALOMETRIC EVALAUATION OF ANTERIOR OPENBITE MALOCCLUSIONS TREATED BY MULTILOOP EDGEWISE ARCHWIRE TECHNIQUE (Multiloop edgewise Archwire 기법으로 치료된 전치 개교 증례의 두부방사선사진 계측학적 평가)

  • Moon, Seong-Cheol;Chang, Young-Il
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
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    • v.23 no.4 s.43
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    • pp.565-606
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    • 1993
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change of before and after treatment of anterior openbite malocclusions treated by Multiloop Edgewise Archwire technique. The openbite sample consisted of 4 male and 12 female adults, treated with nonextraction or third molar extraction. The normal sample consisted of 58 subjects, which have pleasing facial profile and normal occlusion and no experience of orthodontic or prosthodontic treatment. The 58 subjects of normal sample were subdivided by cephalemetric vertical relationship of face. The 40 subjects, cephalometric vertical relationship of face was in normal range, classified as Normal Sample group 1. The 18 subjects, increased cephalometric vertical relationship of face, classified as Normal Sample group 2. The computerized cephalometric analysis was accomplished with 50 reference points for 22 skeletal measurements, 46 dentoalveolar measurements, 8 soft tissue measurements. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out with paired t-test, Student's t-test, and DUNCAN test using SAS(PC version), The results were as follows : 1. There were no statistically significant differences in skeletal measurement between before and after treatment. The major changes were in dentoalveolar region. 2. After treatment, the long axis of maxillary and mandibular posterior teeth were distally tipped-back, and uprighted to bisected occlusal plane. The interincisal angle was increased. 3. There were no statistically significant increase in the upper posterior dental height and statistically significant decrease in the lower posterior dental height. The upper anterior dental height was increased, but there was no statistically significant increase in the absolute upper anterior dental hight. The lower anterior dental height was increased. 4. After treatment, the maxillary occlusal plane to palatal plane angle and the mandibular occlusal plane to mandibular plane angle were statistically significant increased. Then, there were no statistically significant difference between after treatment group and normal sample group 2. 5. After treatment, the percentage of upper lip length to upper anterior dental height was decreased. Then, There were no statistically significant difference between after treatment group and normal sample group 2.

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Effect of Shifting the Pole-shoe and Damper-bar Centerlines on the No-load Voltage Waveform of a Tubular Hydro-generator

  • Fan, Zhen-nan;Han, Li;Liao, Yong;Xie, Li-dan;Wen, Kun;Wang, Jun;Dong, Xiu-cheng;Yao, Bing
    • Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.1294-1303
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    • 2018
  • This study optimises the no-load voltage waveform of tubular hydro-generators by a simple design scheme. For different centerlines of the pole shoe and damper bar, the optimisation effects on the no-load voltage waveform are investigated in two tubular hydro-generators with different weighted powers (34 MW and 18 MW). The results are compared with those of the traditional stator-slots skewed design. The quality of the no-load voltage waveform was related to the shifting degree, and the different optimisation effects between the integer slot generator (q = 2) and the fractional slot generator (q = 11/2) were analysed. This research can improve the quality of the power output and no-load voltage waveform, and provide an effective reference for improving the industrial design and manufacture level of tubular hydro-generators.

Comparative Evaluation of Data Processing Performance between MySQL and Redis (MySQL과 Redis의 데이터 처리 성능 비교 평가)

  • Hyeok Bang;Seo-Hyeon Kim;Sanghoon Jeon
    • Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.35-41
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    • 2024
  • As online activities have rapidly increased due to recent digital changes and the impact of COVID-19, the importance of large-scale data processing and maintenance is increasing. This study compares the performance of the two main types of databases widely used for data storage and management: Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS) and Non-Relational Databases (NoSQL). Specifically, we measured and evaluated the execution time of data insertion, query, and deletion functions using MySQL, a representative example of RDBMS, and Redis, a representative example of NoSQL. The experimental results showed that Redis showed performance about 5.84 times faster in data insertion, 6.61 times faster in query, and 12.33 times faster in deletion than MySQL. These results demonstrate that Redis provides superior performance, especially in environments requiring large-scale data processing and maintenance. Therefore, companies and online service providers can choose NoSQL databases such as Redis to ensure more efficient data management solutions. We hope this study will be an essential reference when selecting a database based on data processing performance.

An Expert System for the Estimation of the Growth Curve Parameters of New Markets (신규시장 성장모형의 모수 추정을 위한 전문가 시스템)

  • Lee, Dongwon;Jung, Yeojin;Jung, Jaekwon;Park, Dohyung
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.17-35
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    • 2015
  • Demand forecasting is the activity of estimating the quantity of a product or service that consumers will purchase for a certain period of time. Developing precise forecasting models are considered important since corporates can make strategic decisions on new markets based on future demand estimated by the models. Many studies have developed market growth curve models, such as Bass, Logistic, Gompertz models, which estimate future demand when a market is in its early stage. Among the models, Bass model, which explains the demand from two types of adopters, innovators and imitators, has been widely used in forecasting. Such models require sufficient demand observations to ensure qualified results. In the beginning of a new market, however, observations are not sufficient for the models to precisely estimate the market's future demand. For this reason, as an alternative, demands guessed from those of most adjacent markets are often used as references in such cases. Reference markets can be those whose products are developed with the same categorical technologies. A market's demand may be expected to have the similar pattern with that of a reference market in case the adoption pattern of a product in the market is determined mainly by the technology related to the product. However, such processes may not always ensure pleasing results because the similarity between markets depends on intuition and/or experience. There are two major drawbacks that human experts cannot effectively handle in this approach. One is the abundance of candidate reference markets to consider, and the other is the difficulty in calculating the similarity between markets. First, there can be too many markets to consider in selecting reference markets. Mostly, markets in the same category in an industrial hierarchy can be reference markets because they are usually based on the similar technologies. However, markets can be classified into different categories even if they are based on the same generic technologies. Therefore, markets in other categories also need to be considered as potential candidates. Next, even domain experts cannot consistently calculate the similarity between markets with their own qualitative standards. The inconsistency implies missing adjacent reference markets, which may lead to the imprecise estimation of future demand. Even though there are no missing reference markets, the new market's parameters can be hardly estimated from the reference markets without quantitative standards. For this reason, this study proposes a case-based expert system that helps experts overcome the drawbacks in discovering referential markets. First, this study proposes the use of Euclidean distance measure to calculate the similarity between markets. Based on their similarities, markets are grouped into clusters. Then, missing markets with the characteristics of the cluster are searched for. Potential candidate reference markets are extracted and recommended to users. After the iteration of these steps, definite reference markets are determined according to the user's selection among those candidates. Then, finally, the new market's parameters are estimated from the reference markets. For this procedure, two techniques are used in the model. One is clustering data mining technique, and the other content-based filtering of recommender systems. The proposed system implemented with those techniques can determine the most adjacent markets based on whether a user accepts candidate markets. Experiments were conducted to validate the usefulness of the system with five ICT experts involved. In the experiments, the experts were given the list of 16 ICT markets whose parameters to be estimated. For each of the markets, the experts estimated its parameters of growth curve models with intuition at first, and then with the system. The comparison of the experiments results show that the estimated parameters are closer when they use the system in comparison with the results when they guessed them without the system.

Post-operative Treatment with Cisplatin and Vinorelbine in Chinese Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Clinical Prospective Analysis of 451 Patients

  • Wang, Jing;Liu, Feng;Huang, Deng-Xiao;Jiang, Bin
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.13 no.9
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    • pp.4505-4510
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    • 2012
  • Purpose: To determine the efficacy of post-operative chemotherapy with cisplatin plus vinorelbine (NP) in Chinese patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: A total of 451 patients with NSCLCs at stages I, II, and IIIA after surgical resection were treated with cisplatin plus vinorelbine for 4 cycles or volunteers observed between January 2002 and November 2004 and were followed for five years. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated with reference to overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), and adverse effects were also recorded. Potential factors affecting the lengths of OS and DFS were analyzed by multivariate analysis. Results: Most patients (86.7%) completed at least 4 cycles of treatment. Patients with chemotherapy survived significantly longer than those in the observation group (p<0.001). The absolute improvements in the 2 and 5-year OS were 3.8% [hazard ratio (HR) =0.674, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.554-0.820, P<0.0001] and 13.0% (HR=0.732, 95% CI: 0.579-0.926, P=0.009), respectively. The improvement at 4-year DFS was 2.1% (HR=0.327, 95% CI: 0.214-0.500, P<0.0001). Stratification analysis revealed that older age, histological type, pathological degree, but not the gender and smoking status, are independent factors affecting the length of survival in this population. Many patients (63.3%) had grade 1-III tolerable adverse effects, and there was no treatment-related death. Conclusions: Post-operative chemotherapy with NP regimen is effective and tolerable in Chinese patients with NSCLC.

Reducing Appointment No-Shows in Hospitals (병원 예약부도(No-show) 감소를 위한 예약관리 방안)

  • Lim, Ji Hyun;Lee, Sang Gyu;Kim, Tae Hyun;Kim, Ji Man
    • Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.50-60
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    • 2017
  • Purposes: The purpose of this study was to identify the preferred types of the hospital reservation cancellation management to help reduce the reservation cancellations. Methodology: This study sampled 327 outpatients or their guardians who had reserved a university hospital and a general hospital located in the southwestern part of Seoul, and the responses from 300 of them were used for the final analysis. The subjects' preferences of reservation cancellation management types were analyzed in reference to their demographic variables. The timing and frequency of pre-notification preferred by the subjects were examined. A multidimensional scaling methods and correspondence analysis was used to identify preference for management methods of no-show and type of reservation guide. Findings: As a result, 77.3% of the respondents were perceived that the reservation cancellation was a habit. The most preferred method of managing the reservation cancellation would be refusal to refund the reservation deposit (61.7%), followed by payment for cancellation (16.0%), limit of future reservations (16.0%) and penalty (6.3%) in their order. 186 of the subjects (62.0%) preferred the texting for prevention of reservation cancellations, and 102 of the subjects (34.0%) preferred the phone calls. The preferred timing and frequency of the SMS were twice 3 days before, once a day before and three times 7 days before, while the preferred timing and frequency of phone call was once a day before. Practical Implications: The no-show rate can be improved by enhancing SMS pre-notification and by improving afterwards telephone counseling. For other factors, it needs to study on the service differentiation with the characteristics of each patient group.

The Influence of Maternal Educational Level on the Oral Health Behavior of Korean Adults

  • Young-Eun Jang;Su-Kyung Park
    • Journal of dental hygiene science
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.312-319
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    • 2023
  • Background: Parental attention is crucial for preventing childhood oral diseases. Mothers play a significant role in maintaining their families' oral health, and their educational level influences their children's oral health behaviors. This study investigates the impact of mothers' educational levels on adult oral health behaviors using data from a national survey. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional analysis of secondary data. The data used were obtained from the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Descriptive statistics were calculated to identify participant characteristics. Next, t-tests and one-way analysis of variance were conducted to examine the effects of the explanatory variables on the distribution of the dependent variable. Finally, logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the influence of the explanatory variable on the dependent variable, using "no education" as the reference value, and calculate the odds ratios. Results: Children of mothers with a college education or higher had a 1.13 times higher likelihood of receiving oral examinations than those whose mothers had no education. Children whose mothers graduated from college or higher had a 2.23 times higher probability of receiving preventative dental treatment than those whose mothers had no education. Children whose mothers graduated from college or higher had a 1.92 times higher probability of receiving scaling than those whose mothers had no education. Children whose mothers graduated from high school had a 1.35 times higher probability of receiving scaling than those whose mothers had no education. Conclusion: Developing oral health programs is important for low-educated and low-income parents to change theirs and their children's oral health behaviors/attitudes. This will help reduce oral health disparities among adults raised by parents of higher and lower socioeconomic statuses. Therefore, a comprehensive approach is essential for adults to maintain good oral health, regardless of variations in their parental educational levels during childhood.

Interobserver and Intraobserver Reproducibility of SUL Measurements in Reference Organs on FDG PET/CT (FDG PET/CT 검사 시 참고장기에서 측정한, 제지방체중으로 표준화한 표준화 섭취계수의 관찰자 사이 및 관찰자 내 재현성에 대한 연구)

  • Kim, Seong Su;Shin, Yong Cheol;Lee, Sun Do;Lee, Nam Ju;Kim, Jong Cheol;Lee, Chun Ho
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.11-17
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    • 2013
  • Purpose: The use of SUV which should be normalized by lean body mass (LBM) is recommended for PET response criteria in solid tumors. LBM which was determined by whole body CT was used for SUV normalization (SUL) in this study. The purpose of the present study was to assess interobserver and intraobserver reproducibility of SUL measurements in reference organs. Materials and Methods: F-18 FDG PET/CT was conducted on 52 subjects and LBMs were directly determine by whole body CT for normalization of SUV. The 3 cm diameter spherical VOI, $1\times2$ cm cylindrical VOI, 2 cm diameter spherical VOI were placed in the liver, descending aorta and spleen, respectively. Experienced two observers measured SULmax and SULmean in each organ. Repeated measurements were conducted two weeks apart by observer 1 blind to previous results. Similarly, measurements were conducted on the same patients by observer 2. For assessing reproducibility(or repeatability), the paired t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficients (CC), and technical error of measurement (TEM) were calculated. Results: For interobserver reproducibility in liver SULmax and SULmean, no significant differences were found between observers(paired t-test, P=0.536, 0.293, respectively). CC and TEM for liver SULmean were 0.909 (P=0.000) and 0.067 SUL unit, respectively. Corresponding figures for liver SULmax were 0.882 (P=0.000) and 0.117 SUL unit, respectively. For intraobserver reproducibility in liver SULmax and SULmean, no significant differences were observed within observer1 (paired t-test, P=0.374, 0.268, respectively). CC and TEM for liver SULmean were 0.924 (P=0.000) and 0.061 SUL, respectively. Corresponding figures for liver SULmax were 0.908 (P=0.000) and 0.104 SUL, respectively. Similarly, no significant differences were found in SULmax and SULmean of the spleen and aorta between observers. Conclusion: The current study demonstrated that both SULmean and SULmax measurements in normal reference organs are highly reproducible. Reproducibility of SULmean in reference organs were slightly better than SULmax. Interobsever technical error of measurement was less than 0.10 SUL unit for liver SULmean, and 0.12 SUL unit for liver SULmax. Intraobsever technical error of measurement was less than 0.07 SUL unit for liver SULmean, and 0.11 SUL unit for liver SULmax.

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Robust Reference Intervals for Serum Kappa and Lambda Free Light Chains from a Multi Centre Study Population from Hyderabad, India: Myeloma Diagnostic Implications

  • Mohammed, Noorjahan;Chandran, Priscilla Abraham;Kandregula, Madhavi;Mattaparthi, Ratna Deepika;Gundeti, Sadasivudu;Volturi, Jyotsna;Darapuneni, Radhika;Raju, Sree Bhushan;Dattatreya, Palanki Satya
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.17 no.5
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    • pp.2605-2610
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    • 2016
  • The International Myeloma Working Group considers the serum free light chain (SFLC) assay to be an adjunct to traditional tests. Apart from the FLC ratio, the absolute values of individual free light chains also are gaining importance as they appear to be more relevant in certain clinical settings. Automated assays are available for their determination. As laboratories put new test systems into use catering to different disease populations, they are required by accreditation and certification bodies to verify or establish performance specifications, including reference intervals (RIs) representative of their population. Our aim was to establish local RIs for SFLC in a multicentre representative healthy population using a robust method. There was no significant relationship between SFLC levels and age, gender and creatinine levels. The 95% RI for ${\kappa}SFLC$ was 4.81 to 33.86mg/L, for ${\lambda}$ SFLC was 5.19 to 23.67mg/L and for ${\kappa}/{\lambda}SFLC$ was 0.36 to 2.33, significantly higher than the values given by the manufacturer. The ${\kappa}/{\lambda}$ SFLC ratio at 2.23, covering 100% of the data, showed 72% sensitivity (95% CI=39.0 - 94.0), 100% specificity (95% CI=71.5 - 100.0), 100% PPV (95% CI=21.5 - 100.0), 95% NPV (95% CI=75.4 - 99.9), and 79% accuracy (95% CI=56.0 - 93.0). In the patient group, kit RI for ${\kappa}/{\lambda}$ SFLC ratio classified 45.5% (n=5) as positive vs 9.1% (n=1) positive by the study RI, while the kit RI for kappa FLC classified 90.9% (n=10) as positive vs 54.5% (n=6), indicating increased probability of false positive test results with the kit RI when applied to our patient population. Appropriate and specific reference intervals and criteria values result in fewer false-positive and false-negative results which means fewer wrong or missed diagnoses.