• 제목/요약/키워드: nitrogen fixation activity

검색결과 97건 처리시간 0.027초

생물학적(生物學的) 질소고정(窒素固定)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) III. 수도근(手稻根) 표피미생물(表皮微生物)의 질소고정력(窒素固定力) (Studies on Biological Nitrogen Fixation III. Nitrogen Fixing Activity Associated with Rice Rhizoplane for Varietal Screening by Acetylene Reduction Method)

  • 이상규;임동규
    • 한국토양비료학회지
    • /
    • 제14권1호
    • /
    • pp.44-50
    • /
    • 1981
  • 벼뿌리에서 서식(捿息)하는 질소고정미생물(窒素固定微生物)에 의(依)한 질소고정력(窒素固定力)을 검토(檢討)하기 위(爲)하여 벼육성지역(育成地域)이 상이(相異)한 수종(數種)의 품종(品種)을 공시(供試)하여 Acetylene 환원법(還元法)에 의(依)하여 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 벼뿌리의 질소고정력(窒素固定力)은 생육시기(生育時期) 및 품종(品種)에 따라 상이(相異)했으며 유수형성기(幼穗形成期) 및 출수기(出穗期)에 최고(最高)로 높은 고정량(固定量)을 보였다. 2. 볏짚시용(施用)은 벼뿌리에 서식(捿息)하는 질소고정미생물(窒素固定微生物)에 의(依)한 질소고정(窒素固定)을 현저(顯著)히 증가(增加)시키지 못했으나 Kataktara, Centry Partna-231, TKM-6, 대구조(大邱租) 및 조동지(趙同知)는 다소(多少) 증가경향(增加傾向)을 나타내었다. 3. 수도(水稻) 1작기간(作期間) 벼뿌리의 질소고정량(窒素固定量)은 밀양(密陽) 23호가 0.55kg으로 제일(第一) 낮았으며 조동지(趙同知)가 2.6kg으로 가장 높았다. 4. 벼뿌리의 질소고정력(窒素固定力)은 뿌리의 무게와 정상관(正相關) 관계(關係)를 나타내지 않았다.

  • PDF

항진균 활성, 식물 생장촉진 활성, 미네랄 가용화능을 가진 생물학적 제제로서 잠재적 식물 생장촉진 근권세균의 특성조사 (Characterization of Potential Plant Growth-promoting Rhizobacteria as Biological Agents with Antifungal Activity, Plant Growth-promoting Activity, and Mineral Solubilizing Activity)

  • 이송민;김지윤;김희숙;오가윤;이광희;이상현;장정수
    • 생명과학회지
    • /
    • 제31권7호
    • /
    • pp.641-653
    • /
    • 2021
  • 본 연구에서는 근권토양으로부터 18종의 세균을 순수분리하고, 이들의 식물 병원성 진균 생육억제 활성, 식물생장촉진 활성 및 미네랄 가용화능을 평가하였다. Bacillus 속과 Pseudomonas 속 분리균주의 항진균 활성을 통해 생물학적 방제제로서의 가능성을 확인할 수 있었으며, 이는 식물 병원성 진균의 세포벽에 작용하는 여러 가수분해효소 활성과 siderophore 생성능 등에 기인된 것으로 판단된다. 또한 대부분의 분리균주가 aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase 생성능, indole-3-acetic acid 생성능 및 질소 고정능을 갖고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 이러한 특성은 식물이 흔히 노출될 수 있는 환경 스트레스 조건 하에서 스트레스 에틸렌의 농도를 감소시킴으로써 뿌리 발달 및 성장, 그리고 작물의 생산성에 긍정적인 영향을 줄 것으로 판단된다. 그리고 분리균주의 인산, 규소, 탄산칼슘, 아연 가용화능 등을 확인한 결과, 일부 분리균주들의 미네랄 가용화능을 확인하였으며, 이들 분리균주를 식물 생장 시에 접종한다면 식물 생장에 필요한 영양분을 식물이 흡수할 수 있는 이용가능한 형태로 변환시켜 식물의 생장에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 이러한 항진균 활성, 식물생장촉진 활성 및 미네랄 가용화능의 결과를 통해 분리균주 18종의 biocontrol agent로서의 이용가능성을 제시하고자 한다.

Antagonistic and growth promotion potential of endophytic bacteria of mulberry (Morus spp.)

  • Pratheesh Kumar, Punathil Meethal;Ramesh, Sushma;Thipeswamy, Thipperudraiah;Sivaprasad, Venkadara
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
    • /
    • 제31권2호
    • /
    • pp.107-114
    • /
    • 2015
  • Endophytes provide multifarious benefits such as promotion of plant growth and yield, suppression of phyto-pathogens, phosphate solubilising and fixation nitrogen. A study has been carried out to explore growth promotion and antifungal activities of endophytes of mulberry (Morus spp.). Endophytic bacteria were isolated from mulberry plants and studied their cultural, morphological characters, growth promotion as well as their antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia bataticola and Fusarium oxysporum , two mulberry root rot associated pathogens. Except two isolates, all bacteria were colourless and the colony size of eight isolates was small. The margin of five isolates was irregular and the consistency of three isolates was creamy, six isolates was slimy and one was mucoid. Texture of seven isolates was convex and others were flat. Eight isolates were gram positive and the rest Gram negative, five were cocci and others were bacilli (rod shaped). Four isolates were motile and all were catalase positive and only three isolates were oxidase positive. Spore staining was positive only for two isolates. The growth promotion study showed that there was significant difference in root length and seedling length. The antagonistic effect of the bacterial isolates was tested against R. bataticola showed significant (p <0.05) influence of the bacteria, days after inoculation and their interaction on the inhibition of fungal growth. The isolate En-7 completely inhibited the fungus followed by En-5 (66.67%). The bacterial isolates significantly (p <0.05) inhibited growth of F. oxysporum in PDA. The mean inhibition was higher (70.45%) in case of En-7 followed by En-8 (68.65%) and En-10 (66.44%). The study reveals that some endophytic bacteria associated with mulberry have growth promotion and antifungal activity and could be explored for promotion of mulberry growth and managing root rot disease.

Exploring the Potential of Bacteria-Assisted Phytoremediation of Arsenic-Contaminated Soils

  • Shagol, Charlotte C.;Chauhan, Puneet S.;Kim, Ki-Yoon;Lee, Sun-Mi;Chung, Jong-Bae;Park, Kee-Woong;Sa, Tong-Min
    • 한국토양비료학회지
    • /
    • 제44권1호
    • /
    • pp.58-66
    • /
    • 2011
  • Arsenic pollution is a serious global concern which affects all life forms. Being a toxic metalloid, the continued search for appropriate technologies for its remediation is needed. Phytoremediation, the use of green plants, is not only a low cost but also an environmentally friendly approach for metal uptake and stabilization. However, its application is limited by slow plant growth which is further aggravated by the phytotoxic effect of the pollutant. Attempts to address these constraints were done by exploiting plant-microbe interactions which offers more advantages for phytoremediation. Several bacterial mechanisms that can increase the efficiency of phytoremediation of As are nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, ACC deaminase activity and growth regulator production. Many have been reported for other metals, but few for arsenic. This mini-review attempts to present what has been done so far in exploring plants and their rhizosphere microbiota and some genetic manipulations to increase the efficiency of arsenic soil phytoremediation.

Characterization of Plant Growth-Promoting Traits of Free-Living Diazotrophic Bacteria and Their Inoculation Effects on Growth and Nitrogen Uptake of Crop Plants

  • Islam, Md. Rashedu;Madhaiyan, M.;Boruah, Hari P.Deka;Yim, Woo-Jong;Lee, Gill-Seung;Saravanan, V.S.;Fu, Qingling;Hu, Hongqing;Sa, Tongmin
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
    • /
    • 제19권10호
    • /
    • pp.1213-1222
    • /
    • 2009
  • The search for diverse plant growth-promoting (PGP) diazotrophic bacteria is gaining momentum as efforts are made to exploit them as biofertilizers for various economically important crops. In the present study, 17 diazotrophic strains belonging to eight different genera isolated from rice paddy fields were screened for multiple PGP traits and evaluated for their inoculation effects on canola and rice plants. All of the strains tested positive for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity and production of indole 3-acetic acid (IAA) and ammonia ($NH_3$). Additionally, four of the strains were able to solubilize phosphorus (P), five tested positive for zinc (Zn) solubilization and sulfur (S) oxidation, and eight strains produced siderophores. Based on the presence of multiple PGP traits, 10 strains were selected for inoculation studies. Treatment with Herbaspirillum sp. RFNB26 resulted in maximum root length (54.3%), seedling vigor, and dry biomass in canola, whereas Paenibacillus sp. RFNB4 exhibited the lowest activity under gnotobiotic conditions. However, under pot culture conditions, Paenibacillus sp. RFNB4 significantly increased plant height and dry biomass production by 42.3% and 29.5%, respectively. Canola plants and rhizosphere soils inoculated with Bacillus sp. RFNB6 exhibited significantly higher nitrogenase activity. In greenhouse experiments, Serratia sp. RFNB18 increased rice plant height by 35.1%, Xanthomonas sp. RFNB24 enhanced biomass production by 84.6%, and rice rhizosphere soils inoculated with Herbaspirillum sp. RFNB26 exhibited the highest nitrogenase activity. Our findings indicate that most of the selected strains possess multiple PGP properties that significantly improve the growth parameters of the two plants when tested under controlled conditions.

분홍색 색소를 형성하는 methylotrophic acteria(PPFMs): 최근 경향소개 (Pink Pigmented Facultative Methylotrophic Bacteria(PPFMs): Introduction to Current Concepts)

  • ;사동민;김재정
    • 한국토양비료학회지
    • /
    • 제37권4호
    • /
    • pp.266-287
    • /
    • 2004
  • 식물체에 해를 끼치지 않고 식물체와 공생하는 박테리아는 식물의 생장을 촉진 시키며 친환경적 식물 보호제 역할을 함으로서 높은 관심을 받아왔다. Methylobacterium spp.로 분리된 분홍색 색소를 형성하는 methylotrophic bacteria (PPFMS)는 식물의 잎 표면에 서식한다. 거의 모든 식물체의 잎에는 PPFMS를 가지고있으며, Methylobacterium의 특별한 특성을 가진 이들은 탄소와 에너지원으로 잎의 methanol를 이용한다. 비록 이들 박테리아들은 잘 알려 지지 않았지만. 그들은 식물 대사 작용에 영향을 주면서 함께 진화되어 왔다. 이 주장은 다음의 예로 보인 관찰로서 뒷받침 한다. (1) PPFMS는 씨 안에서 발견되고 (2) PPFMS는 자주 무균 세포 배양에서 발견되고 (3) 적은 수의 PPFMS를 지닌 종자는 낮은 발아율을 보였고, (4) 감소된 PPFMS를 가진 식물들은 낮은 줄기/뿌리 비율을 보이고, (5) 콩깍지 형성 시기에 콩잎에 PPFMS의 엽면처리는 종자 수와 생산량을 높이며, (6) 우산이끼를 배양하는데 있어서 PPFM에 의해 생성된 비타민 Rl2는 우산이끼의 생장을 위해 필요하고 (7) 벼에 있어서 Rhizoctonia solani에 인해 나타나는 엽초마름병의 발병률은 PPFMS를 처리한 벼에서 억제되거나 감소되었고, 그리고 (8) PPFM의 종은 기공과 엽록소의 농도, malic acid의 함량을 증가시켜 식물의 광합성 능을 증가시켰다. Methylobacterium spp.은 식물체의 잔사를 이용하거나 식물체에 유용한 대사산물을 생산함으로써 식물의 신진대사에 관여하는 것으로 알려진 공생자이다. 박테리아와 식물체간의 이로운 상호작용에 관해 알려진 많은 보고서들이 있다. 식물체의 수분장애 완화, 광합성호르몬 생산, 그리고 질소고정과 같은 식물의 생장을 촉진시키는 박테리아 종과 같은 선발은 성공적으로 분리 해낼 수 있었고, 작물생산에 있어서 이 같은 미생물의 처리는 생산력을 증가시킬 것이다.

근권에 존재하는 Bacillus 속 균주들의 식물 생장 촉진 활성 특성 (Plant Growth-Promoting Activity Characteristics of Bacillus Strains in the Rhizosphere)

  • 오가윤;김지윤;이송민;김희숙;이광희;이상현;장정수
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
    • /
    • 제49권3호
    • /
    • pp.403-412
    • /
    • 2021
  • 본 연구에서는 토양 및 근권에 존재하는 Bacillus 속의 식물 생장 촉진 활성, 식물 병원성 곰팡이의 생장 억제활성, 미네랄 가용화능 및 세포 외 효소활성을 확인해 보고자 하였다. 식물 병원성 곰팡이에 대한 항진균 활성에서 DDP257은 10종의 병원성 곰팡이에서 항진균 활성이 모두 나타났다. 식물 생장 촉진 인자인 indole-3-acetic acid 생성능에서는 ANG20이 70.97 ㎍/ml로 가장 높게 나타났다. 추가적으로 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase 생성능 조사에서는 총 10종에서 생성능을 확인하였고, 질소 고정능과 siderophore 생성능 조사에서는 대부분의 분리균주에서 활성을 확인하였다. 이후 분리된 균주에 대하여 phosphate, calcite, zinc과 같은 미네랄 가용화능을 확인하였으며 세포외 효소활성에서도 대부분의 효소에서 활성이 나타났다. 특히 alkaline phosphatase, esterase (C4), acid phosphatase, naphtol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase에서 선별된 균주 모두 유사한 활성을 보였다. 이는 Bacillus 속이 다양한 유기물과 항생물질 및 세포 외 효소를 분비함으로써 이러한 결과가 나타난 것으로 판단된다. 따라서, 본 연구 결과를 통해 토양의 환경 개선에 기여하는 균주를 활용하여 미생물 제제로써의 가능성을 제시한다.

근권 토양과 뿌리로부터 분리된 Bacillus sp.의 항진균 활성, 식물 생장 촉진 활성 및 미네랄 가용화능 비교 (Comparison of Antifungal Activity, Plant Growth Promoting Activity, and Mineral-Solubilizing Ability of Bacillus sp. Isolated from Rhizosphere Soil and Root)

  • 김희숙;오가윤;이송민;김지윤;이광희;이상현;장정수
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
    • /
    • 제49권4호
    • /
    • pp.576-586
    • /
    • 2021
  • 본 연구는 근권 토양 및 뿌리에 존재하는 미생물 중 미생물 제제로 적합한 Bacillus sp.을 선별하기 위하여 10종의 식물 병원성 곰팡이에 대한 항진균 활성, 식물 생장 촉진 활성 및 미네랄 가용화능을 평가하였다. 식물 병원성 곰팡이에 대한 항진균 활성은 Bacillus sp.에 따른 차이를 보였으며, 선별된 균주 중 DDP4, DDP16, DDP148, SN56, SN95는 9종 이상의 식물 병원성 곰팡이에 대해 항진균 활성을 나타내었다. 질소고정능과 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase 생성능에서는 Bacillus sp. 모두 비슷한 수준으로 활성을 나타냈으며, siderophore 생성능은 ANG42와 DDP427에서 비교적 높게 나타났다. Indole-3-acetic acid 생성능은 1.83-67.91 ㎍/ml으로 확인되었으며, Bacillus sp.에 따른 활성 차이를 나타내었다. 이후 각 species마다 활성이 높은 1 균주씩 선정하여 미네랄 가용화능을 확인한 결과, 대부분의 Bacillus sp.에서 인산과 탄산칼슘 가용화능을 확인할 수 있었으며, DDP148과 SN56은 각각 규소 가용화능과 아연 가용화능도 나타내었다. 따라서, 본 연구에서 분리한 Bacillus sp.의 항진균 활성, 식물 생장 촉진 활성 및 미네랄 가용화능 결과를 통해 다목적 기능을 가진 미생물 제제로써 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

Isolation and Characterization of Cold-Adapted PGPB and Their Effect on Plant Growth Promotion

  • Li, Mingyuan;Wang, Jilian;Yao, Tuo;Wang, Zhenlong;Zhang, Huirong;Li, Changning
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
    • /
    • 제31권9호
    • /
    • pp.1218-1230
    • /
    • 2021
  • Cold-adapted plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) with multiple functions are an important resource for microbial fertilizers with low-temperature application. In this study, culturable cold-adapted PGPB strains with nitrogen fixation and phosphorus solubilization abilities were isolated. They were screened from root and rhizosphere of four dominant grass species in nondegraded alpine grasslands of the Qilian Mountains, China. Their other growth-promoting characteristics, including secretion of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), production of siderophores and ACC deaminase, and antifungal activity, were further studied by qualitative and quantitative methods. In addition, whether the PGPB strains could still exert plant growth-promoting activity at 4℃ was verified. The results showed that 67 isolates could maintain one or more growth-promoting traits at 4℃, and these isolates were defined as cold-adapted PGPB. They were divided into 8 genera by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, of which Pseudomonas (64.2%) and Serratia (13.4%) were the common dominant genera, and a few specific genera varied among the plant species. A test-tube culture showed that inoculation of Elymus nutans seedlings with cold-adapted PGPB possessing different functional characteristics had a significant growth-promoting effect under controlled low-temperature conditions, including the development of the roots and aboveground parts. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that different growth-promoting characteristics made different contributions to the development of the roots and aboveground parts. These cold-adapted PGPB can be used as excellent strain resources suitable for the near-natural restoration of degraded alpine grasslands or agriculture stock production in cold areas.

Inhibition of Verticillium Wilt in Cotton through the Application of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ZL6 Derived from Fermentation Residue of Kitchen Waste

  • Qiuhong Niu;Shengwei Lei;Guo Zhang;Guohan Wu;Zhuo Tian;Keyan Chen;Lin Zhang
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
    • /
    • 제34권5호
    • /
    • pp.1040-1050
    • /
    • 2024
  • To isolate and analyze bacteria with Verticillium wilt-resistant properties from the fermentation residue of kitchen wastes, as well as explore their potential for new applications of the residue. A total of six bacterial strains exhibiting Verticillium wilt-resistant capabilities were isolated from the biogas residue of kitchen waste fermentation. Using a polyphasic approach, strain ZL6, which displayed the highest antagonistic activity against cotton Verticillium wilt, was identified as belonging to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bioassay results demonstrated that this strain possessed robust antagonistic abilities, effectively inhibiting V. dahliae spore germination and mycelial growth. Furthermore, P. aeruginosa ZL6 exhibited high temperature resistance (42℃), nitrogen fixation, and phosphorus removal activities. Pot experiments revealed that P. aeruginosa ZL6 fermentation broth treatment achieved a 47.72% biological control effect compared to the control group. Through activity tracking and protein mass spectrometry identification, a neutral metalloproteinase (Nml) was hypothesized as the main virulence factor. The mutant strain ZL6ߡNml exhibited a significant reduction in its ability to inhibit cotton Verticillium wilt compared to the strain P. aeruginosa ZL6. While the inhibitory activities could be partially restored by a complementation of nml gene in the mutant strain ZL6CMߡNml. This research provides a theoretical foundation for the future development and application of biogas residue as biocontrol agents against Verticillium wilt and as biological preservatives for agricultural products. Additionally, this study presents a novel approach for mitigating the substantial amount of biogas residue generated from kitchen waste fermentation.