• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.244-247
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• 2010

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of drying methods on the polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities of Hizikia fusiformis. The seaweed was dried using four different conditions: vacuum drying (VD) at $20^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$ and hot-air drying (HD) at $40^{\circ}C$ and $60^{\circ}C$. After drying, the total phenol content, DPPH and nitrite scavenging activities of the water extracts were determined. The total phenol contents were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the vacuum dried samples than the hot-air dried samples. DPPH radical was scavenged 82.67% and 83.45% by VD-20 and VD-30, and 70.44% and 71.23% by HD-40 and HD-60, respectively. At pH 1.2, Hizikia fusiformis scavenged 87.43%, 88.45%, 72.14% and 73.45% of nitrite by the treatment VD-20, VD-30, HD-40 and HD-60, respectively. Interestingly, the nitrite scavenging activity was much more reduced at pH 3.0 than at pH 1.2. Through these experiments, we were able to show that the drying conditions affect the total phenol contents and antioxidant capacities of Hizikia fusiformis.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.81-88
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• 1987

Hepatotoxicity study of the nitrosamine produced by interaction between drugs containing amino groups and soduim nitrite was conducted. In the in vitro study, interaction of 32mM Promethazine HCL or Oxomemazine HCL with 200mM Sodium nitrite produced N-nitroso dimetylamine (NDMA) at 0.4% or 0.03%, respectively. When sodium nitrite was administered with Promethazine HCL or Oxomemazine HCL, trace of NDMA was detected from the gastric contents. After three days of consecutive administration of sodium nitrite with Promethazine HCL or Oxomemazine HCL, the levels of GOT, GPT and SDH in the serum of treated groups were significant higher than that of control group.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.636-648
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• 2020

This study investigated the effects of the addition levels of white kimchi powder and acerola juice powder, as natural sources of sodium nitrite and sodium ascorbate, on the quality of cooked ground pork products. Freeze-dried white kimchi powder was prepared and used after fermentation for 2 wk. Six treatments were included: control (100 ppm sodium nitrite and 500 ppm sodium ascorbate), treatment 1 (0.2% white kimchi powder, 0.02 % starter culture, and 0.1% acerola juice powder), treatment 2 (0.2% white kimchi powder, 0.02% starter culture, and 0.2% acerola juice powder), treatment 3 (0.4% white kimchi powder, 0.04% starter culture, and 0.1% acerola juice powder), treatment 4 (0.4% white kimchi powder, 0.04% starter culture, and 0.2% acerola juice powder), and treatment 5 (0.4% celery powder, 0.04% starter culture, and 0.2% acerola juice powder). The pH values were decreased (p<0.05) because of lower pH of acerola juice powder, resulting in lower cooking yields (p<0.05) in these treatments. CIE L* and CIE a* values of indirectly cured meat products were not different (p>0.05) from the sodium nitrite-added control. However, indirectly cured meat products showed lower (p<0.05) residual nitrite contents, but higher (p<0.05) nitrosyl hemochrome contents and cure efficiency than the control. Treatments 2 and 4 had higher (p<0.05) total pigment contents and lipid oxidation than the control. This study indicates that white kimchi powder coupled with acerola juice powder has substantial potential to substitute synthetic nitrite to naturally cured meat products, which could be favored by consumers seeking clean label products.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.367-372
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• 2004

Nitrite, a curing agent of meat products, is precursors of carcinogenic N-nitrosamines during processing of meat products or under human stomach conditions as well as having its own toxicity. Some researches have been conducted to evaluate the effects of ionizing radiation on the reduction of residual nitrite and N-nitrosamines in an aqueous model system and cured meat products with different packaging methods during storage. These results showed that the gamma irradiation was effective in reducing the residual nitrite and N-nitrosamines in an aqueous model system as well as meat products. Especially, irradiation combined with vacuum or modified atmosphere packaging was more effective in nitrite and N-nitrosamines reduction than aerobic packaging during storage. The objective of this review is to introduce the irradiation technology for the application of reducing the residual nitrite and N-nitrosamine contents in meat products.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.287-292
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• 1994

This paper was investigated to elucidate the nitrite-scavenging action as one of biological actions of green tea extracts. Green tea extracts exhibited remarkable nitrite-scavenging action. Among the green tea extracts, steamed green tea showed higher nitrite-scavenging action than roasted green tea. Nitrite-savenging actions of gren tea extracts were hardly influenced until three times extraction with hot water. Furthermore , the nitirte-scavenging action of green tea extracts showed ph dependent , highest at pH 1.2 and lowest at pH 6.0. The nitrite -scavenging rate in sample extracts /amine /nitrite systems exhibited faster than that in amine/nitrite systems. In order to screen the nitirte-scavenging factors, samples extracts were fractionated with methanol. in both samples, methanol-soluble fractions possessed greater nitrite-scavenging action than methanol-insoluble fractions .The nitrite-scavenging action of methanol-soluble fractions increased with proportion to absorbance at 420nm and at 280nm, while that of green tea extracts increased with the contents of total phenols and absorbance at 280nm.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2011년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.253-254
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate chloride ion adsoption property of cement mortar using nitrite type hydrocalumite(calumite) with self-corrosion inhibition function. Superior corrosion inhibition function of the VA/E/MMA-modified mortars with calumite was ascertained from accelerated corrosion test in the previous study. In this study, VA/E/MMA-modified mortars with calumite were prepared with calumite contents of 0, 5, 10% and polymer-binder ratio of 0, 10%, and tested for chloride ion adsorption to make it clear how calumite gives self-corrosion inhibition function to cement mortar. As a result, chloride ion adsorption property of VA/E/MMA-modified mortars with calumite was improved by increasing calumite contents compared to unmodified mortar regardless of using VA/E/MMA terpolymer powder or not.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.455-460
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• 1998

The present study was aimed at investigating whether the development of hypertension is related with an altered expression of nitric oxide synthases (NOS) in the kidney. By Western blot analysis, the expression of bNOS and ecNOS isoforms was determined in the kidney of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt and two-kidney, one clip (2K1C) rats. In DOCA-salt hypertension, the expression of both bNOS and ecNOS was decreased, along with tissue contents of nitrites. In 2K1C hypertension, the nitrite content of the clipped kidney was decreased along with ecNOS levels, whereas neither the nitrite content nor the expression of NOS isoforms was significantly altered in the contralateral non-clipped kidney. These results suggest that the development of hypertension is associated with an altered renal expression of NOS and nitric oxide generation in DOCA-salt and 2K1C rats.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.269-276
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• 2010

유화형 소시지에 분자량이 다른 키토산과 아질산염을 첨가하여 냉장온도($4{\pm}1^{\circ}C$)에서 30일간 저장하면서 pH, 육색, TBARS, 총 미생물수 및 아질산염잔존량을 조사하였다. 시험구는 키토산과 아질산염을 첨가하지 않은 대조구, 50kDa 키토산 0.5% 첨가구는 T1, 200 kDa 키토산 0.5% 첨가구는 T2, 아질산염 150 ppm 첨가구는 T3, 50 kDa 키토산 0.5%와 아질산염 150 ppm 첨가구는 T4, 200 kDa 키토산 0.5%와 아질산염 150 ppm 첨가구를 T5 등 6개 처리구로 나누어 0, 10, 20 및 30일간 저장하면서 실험하였다. pH는 저장기간이 경과하면서 모든 처리구에서 서서히 증가하는 경향이나 대조구와 T2에서만 유의성이 있었다. 키토산과 아질산염 혼합 첨가구에서 낮았으며 T5에서 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). 육색은 저장기간이 지나면서 CIE $L^*$값과 $a^*$값은 감소하였고, CIE $b^*$값은 변화가 없으며 처리구간에 있어서 저장 30일에 $a^*$값만 T5에서 높았다. TBARS는 저장기간 동안 직선적으로 증가하였으며, 키토산과 아질산염을 첨가한 유화형소시지는 대조구보다 낮아 키토산과 아질산염이 지방산화를 지연시켰고, 200 kDa 키토산과 아질산염 첨가구의 TBARS값은 낮은 경향이었다(p<005). 총 미생물수는 저장기간이 지나면서 모든 첨가구에서 증가하였고, 저장 0일에는 처리구간 유의성이 없었으며, 처리구간에 T5에서 유의적으로 낮은 미생물수를 나타내었다. 아질산염잔존량은 저장기간이 경과하면서 감소하였는데 T5에서 다른 시험구보다 많이 감소하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합적으로 고찰해보면 키토산과 아질산염 혼합 첨가구는 산화 및 미생물 성장 억제 효과와 아질산염잔존량을 감소 시킬 가능성이 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.183-189
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• 2014

We investigated noodles supplemented with functional ingredients for their antioxidant properties, including total phenol, flavonoid contents, electron donating, nitrite scavenging abilities and ferrous ion chelating effect. The total polyphenol contents of functional noodles arranged in order of decreasing concentration were kudzu (7.98%) > green tea (4.99%) > pumpkin (5.03%) > mulberry leaves (4.99%) > mugwort (4.23%) > cactus (3.57%) > kelp (3.33). The total flavonoid contents in green tea noodles were the highest as 4.35%. The electron donating ability in mugwort noodle was the highest as 12.27% at 1,000 ppm. This amount was 4.85 times than that of wheat flour noodle (2.53%). The nitrite scavenging ability of functional noodles at pH 1.2 arranged in order of decreasing concentration were green tea (66.52%) > cactus (55.12%) > kudzu (52.67%) > pumpkin (50.50%) > mulberry leaves (43.58%) > kelp (41.41%) > mugwort (37.66). The nitrite-scavenging ability of green tea noodle was lower than ascorbic acid (natural antioxidant) 77.83%, while that of green tea noodle was similar with BHT (artificial antioxidant) 69.45%. The ferrous ion chelating effect of noodles containing kelp were the highest as 27.02%. All of the experimental results showed good antioxidant property. Thus, noodles supplemented with mulberry leaves, cactus, mugwort, green tea, pumpkin, kelp or kudzu, demonstrated to have good functional effects for human health.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.499-502
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• 2010

This study compared the total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of two seaweed cultivars, Undaria pinnatifida (UP) and Capsosiphon fulvescens (CF), subjected to different drying methods. UP and CF were dried under two different conditions: vacuum drying (VD) at $20^{\circ}C$ and hot-air drying (HD) at $60^{\circ}C$. After drying, the total phenolic content, DPPH, and nitrite scavenging activities of the water extracts were determined. Total phenolic contents were 101.94 mg/100 g for UP and 171.35 mg/100 g for CF upon VD-20, and these values were significantly decreased to 67.59 mg/100 g for UP and 141.48 mg/100 g for CF upon HD-60. UP upon VD-20 and HD-60 had 46.17% and 35.20% DPPH radical scavenging activity, whereas CF upon VD-20 and HD-60 scavenged 57.73% and 35.22%, respectively. UP upon VD-20 and HD-60 had 40.36% and 40.01% nitrite scavenging activity at pH 1.2, whereas CF upon VD-20 and HD-60 scavenged 72.35% and 55.24%, respectively. Nitrite scavenging activities of UP and CF were reduced at pH 3.0.