• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.55-63
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• 2012

Objectives : The solvent extracts of Pruni persicae Flos were investigated for the activities of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects to apply as a functional ingredient for cosmetic products. Methods : In this study, the fractions of P. persicae Flos were extracted with 70.0% acetone and purified using Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. As a result, eight fractions were isolated. We performed MTT assay, total polyphenol contents, DPPH free radical scavenging assay, SOD-like activity, xanthine oxidase inhibition assay, astringent activity assay, hyaluronidase inhibition assay and the production of nitric oxide. Results : For anti-oxidant effects, the electron donating ability of fraction (Fr.) 2-5, Fr.-8 isolated from P. persicae Flos was above 90.0% at 100 ppm respectively. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) - like activity of Fr.-5 isolated from P. persicae Flos was 92.1% at 1,000 ppm. The xanthine oxidase inhibitory effect of Fr.-6 isolated from P. persicae Flos was about 83.3% at 1,000 ppm. Hyaluronidase inhibition activity related to the anti-inflammation effect was 94.0% for Fr.-4 isolated from P. persicae Flos at 500 ppm. In the anti-inflammation effect, the Fr.-4 isolated from P. persicae Flos inhibited the generation of nitric oxide. Conclusions : All these findings suggested that the fractions of P. persicae Flos has a great potential as a cosmeceutical ingredient with a anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.69-73
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• 2006

To elucidate the composition of bumblebee (Bomb us terrestris) venom (BBV) and the anti-inflammatory effect of BBV. The major components of BBV by LC chromatography and SDS-PAGE were identified. The production of nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokines was examined by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7 cells, with BBV. BBV inhibits LPS-induced NO in a dose dependent manner. We also found that BBV inhibits proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ and interleukin (IL)-6 production. These findings mean that BBV can be used in controlling macrophages mediated inflammation related disease. Additional studies on the pharmacological aspects of the individual components of BBV are recommended for future trials.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.240-245
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• 2018

The fruits of Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus (Rupr. & Maxim.) S. Y. Hu (Araliaceae), as edible fruits, were traditionally used for ingredients of wine or tea in Eastern Asia. In addition to, the fruits of E. sessiliflorus were known for having antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Recently, we investigated that the ethanolic extracts of E. sessiliflorus fruits (DHP1501) have effects on hypertension via vasorelaxation and decrease of blood pressure. In the present study, we investigated that the gene and protein expression levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was increased by treatment of DHP1501 in HUVECs. Moreover, we confirmed the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity of DHP1501 through in vitro tasks. Therefore, DHP1501 could be a candidate of functional food for alleviating hypertension.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.652-656
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• 2005

A number of thioflavones has been synthesized and evaluated for their iNOS inhibitory activities. Thiowogonin (6) was obtained from naturally occurring chrysin in 5 steps. Other thioflavones were prepared from the corresponding flavones in a single step by the reaction with Lawesson's reagent. The biological activities of thioflavones were not enhanced by the functional group conversion from carbonyl to thiocarbonyl. Compounds 11 and 13 showed potent. NO inhibitory activity at high concentration (40 uM), leading to the possible development of novel neuroprotective agents based on wogonin.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.343-351
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• 2001

This study was undertaken to investigate the mechanism of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and nitric oxide (NO) as a regulator of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. VSMC was primarily cultured from rat aorta and confirmed by the immunocytochemistry with anti-smooth muscle myosin antibody. The number of viable VSMCs were counted, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was measured to assess the degree of cell death. Concentrations of nitrite in the culture medium were measured as an indicator of NO production. LPS was introduced into the medium to induce the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in VSMC, and Western blot for iNOS protein and RT-PCR for iNOS mRNA were performed to confirm the presence of iNOS. Inhibitors of iNOS and soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and L-arginine were employed to observe the action of LPS on the iNOS-NO-cGMP signalling pathway. LPS and SNP decreased number of VSMCs and increased the nitrite concentration in the culture medium, but there was no significant change in LDH activity. A cell permeable cGMP derivative, 8-Bromo-cGMP, decreased the number of VSMCs with no significant change in LDH activity. L-arginine, an NO substrate, alone tended to reduce cell count without affecting nitrite concentration or LDH level. Aminoguanidine, an iNOS specific inhibitor, inhibited LPS-induced reduction of cell numbers and reduced the nitrite concentration in the culture medium. LY 83583, a guanylate cyclase inhibitor, suppressed the inhibitory actions of LPS and SNP on VSMC proliferation. LPS increased amounts of iNOS protein and iNOS mRNA in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that LPS inhibits the VSMC proliferation via production of NO by inducing iNOS gene expression. The cGMP which is produced by subsequent activation of guanylate cyclase would be a major mediator in the inhibitory action of iNOS-NO signalling on VSMC proliferation.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.325-335
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• 2018

This study is for checking the possibility of ginseng complex as cosmetic materials. For this we carried out biological active evaluation about anti-inflammatory and whitening effects by using ethanol extract of ginseng complex. Samples were prepared by extracting 70% ethanol from each of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (A), Phellinus linteus (B) and Pinus rigida Mill. (C), and mixing them at a ratio of (A) 1 : (B) 1 : (C) 0.5. In order to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of the samples in macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells), MTT assay was used to evaluate the toxicity of the samples and the inhibitory activity of nitric oxide production and the expression levels of inflammation-related proteins and genes. To evaluate the whitening effect of the samples in melanoma (B16F10 cell), MTT assay was used to evaluate the toxicity of the sample, cellular tyrosinase inhibition, and melanin contents. The inhibitory activity of nitric oxide in the LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells was 71.2% at $25{\mu}g/mL$ concentration and western blot analysis showed that the expression of iNOS and COX-2 protein decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. Inhibition of tyrosinase activity showed 36.8% inhibition at $50{\mu}g/mL$ concentration of ginseng complex and inhibition of melanin contents showed 47.8% inhibition at $50{\mu}g/mL$ concentration. From the results of the experiment, it was confirmed that the ginseng complex had excellent anti-inflammatory and whitening effect and could be used as a safe natural cosmetic material in the future.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.245-249
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• 1996

A cytotoxic compound, 8461 was isolated from the culture of Streptomyces sp. strain MCY846 by its cytotoxicity against gastric cancer cell line SNU-l. The IR, UV and NMR spectra of 8461 were identical to those of elaiophylin. This compound showed moderate cytotoxicity against several cell lines and exerted strong inhibitory effect on the synthesis of nitric oxide in the lipopolysaccharide stimulated-Raw 264.7 cells.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.280-286
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• 2017

Barbaloin is a major component of Aloe vera, which has been used for a laxative. Also, barbaloin is C-glucoside of aloe emodin anthrone which is founded in Aloe vera. Barbaloin has varieties of pharmacological activity such as inhibitory effects on inflammation, histamine release, cancer and microbial infection. But the effect of barbaloin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages has not been understood. In this study, we evaluated the effects of barbaloin against LPS-stimulated production of nitric oxide (NO), inflammatory cytokines and MAPKs activation in macrophage. We treated barbaloin (0.1, 1, 10, $100{\mu}M$) in LPS-stimulated mice peritoneal macrophage. Our results showed that barbaloin significantly inhibited production of NO and cytokines of tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-6, interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$ in LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophage. Moreover, barbaloin inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK in a dose dependent manner. These results indicated that barbaloin could be useful for inflammatory diseases.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.147-155
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• 2002

The musk has been reported to have significant anti-inflammatory activities in clinical use and several animal models and we examined the effects of water soluble fraction(WSF) of the musk on murine peritoneal macrophages. WSF decreased the production of nitric oxide from the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-treated murine peritoneal macrophages and also reduced the phagocytic activity of macrophages on the opsonized sheep red blood cells(SRBC). Transcriptional expression level of the inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) was also decreased and the viability of the treated macrophages was not affected by WSF, suggesting that the effects could be partly explained by transcriptional regulation. Contrary to down-regulating iNOS expression, WSF slightly increased the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha$(TNF-{\alpha})$, which implied its selective action on cellular pathways activated by LPS. Our results showed that anti-inflammatory activities of the musk could be partly explained by the inhibitory effects of the water soluble fraction on the macrophageal activation.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2017

Bioassay guided fractionation and isolation of the $CH_2Cl_2$ extract from the apical bud of Gardenia sootepensis (Rubiaceae) led to the isolation of five known flavonoids (1-5). The structures of the compounds were determined by 1D and 2D NMR, and MS experiments, as well as by comparison of their data with published values. Compounds 1-5 were isolated for the first time from this plant source. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their cancer chemopreventive potential based on their ability to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production. Among the isolates, compound 4 exhibited considerable NO inhibitory activity with an $IC_{50}$ value of $13.8{\mu}M$.