• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.265-269
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• 1999

Taurine is a major $\beta$-amino acid in various tissues. Taurine transporter (TAUT) is responsible for the transportation of taurine in the cell. The transporter is affected by various stimuli to maintain its cell volume. Macrophage cell volume varies in its activated states. In our experiment, it was found that the murine macrophage cell line, RAW264.7, expressed TAUT protein in its membrane. Its transportation activities could be blocked by a $\beta$-amino acid such as $\beta$-alanine, but not by $\alpha$-amino acids in this cell line. When assessed in RAW264.7 under the influence of immunosuppressive reagents, the activity of the TAUT was decreased by the treatment of rapamycin (RM) or cyclosporin A (CsA). However when ionomycin (IM) was added to this system, TAUT activity was recovered only in CsA-treated cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In order to inhibit the voltage gated {TEX}$Ca^{+2}${/TEX} channel, calmidazolium was added to the RAW264.7 cell line. Treatment of the cell with calmidazolium completely blocked TAUT. Furthermore, addition of IM to this system recovered the activity of TAUT again. When we added phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) to the cell line, secretion of nitric oxide (NO) was increased 4-fold and the TAUT activity was decreased 5-fold. However, the addition of N-nitro L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an inducible NO synthase (iNOS) inhibitor, to the PMA-treated cells, resulted in the recovery of TAUT activity. These results showed that the activity of TAUT was sensitive to the intracellular concentrations of both {TEX}$Ca^{+2}${/TEX} and NO.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 불등풀가사리(홍조류) 다당류를 기능성 소재로의 활용 가능성을 확인하기 위하여 분자량이 다른 다당류 3종을 제조하여 다양한 면역증강 효과를 확인하였다. GPA-III(${\geq}100kDa$)는 nitric oxide 및 cytokine(TNF-a 및 IL-6)분석에서 농도 유의적으로 함량이 증가하였으며, RT-PCR 분석을 통한 유전자 발현에서 iNOS 및 COX-2에서 높은 발현을 유도하여 면역증강 효과를 확인하였다. 따라서, GPA-III는 기능성식품 및 의약품의 잠재적 응용 가능성을 가지는 면역 증강제임을 나타내었다.

• 공업화학
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.407-412
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• 2008

니들 코크스의 활성화 방법으로서 기존의 방법과는 다른 $HNO_3$와 $NaClO_3$ 혼합용액에서의 산처리와 $300^{\circ}C$ 열처리 방법을 이용하였다. 산처리 코크스와 열분해 코크스의 미세구조는 XRD, FESEM, element analysis, BET, Raman spectroscopy를 이용하였으며, 전기이중층 거동은 충방전 분석을 행하였다. 니들 코크스는 산처리 시간에 따라 산소의 중량 %의 증가와 함께 (001) 구조로 상변화가 일어나고, $300^{\circ}C$ 열처리에서 흑연구조인 (002) 구조로 환원한다. 이들 산처리-상분해 과정에서 층간에 유기된 층간 구조결함은 first 충전에서 전계 활성화에 의해 pore를 생성하고 second 충전에서는 전기이중층 용량을 발생시킨다. 24 h 산처리-$300^{\circ}C$ 열처리한 열분해 코크스의 2.5 V까지의 2 전극 기준에서 구한 활물질 중량 당 용량과 전극 부피 당 용량는 각각 33 F/g과 30 F/mL를 나타내었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.823-831
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• 1996

Due to the intrinsic low surface activation of ${\gamma}$-alumina it has been used limitely in practice. Accordingly forward enhancing its utility ${\gamma}$-alumina surface was treated with slfuricf aicd nitric acid and chloric acid respec-tively. Subsequently the effects of surface activity on the surface electrical characteristics were investigated. The ${\gamma}$-alumina was prepared by the precipitation of aluminium nitrate [Al(NO3)3.9H2O] using ammonia water as a precipitator and it was chemically treated with such acids mentioned above. The surface and morphology of the acid-treated ${\gamma}$-alumina were analysed by XRD, BET and the surface activities were measured by the amine titration methods. The interfacial properties of the ${\gamma}$-alumina dispersed in electrolyte solution were esti-mated by the surface charge density measured using potentiometric tiration. Based on the relation between surface charge density and the acid amount the following results were drawn for the surface and interfacial electrical properties ; Acidic properties of surface-treated alumina increase with anion load on alumina surface. P. Z. C decreases with acid amount on alumina surface. The surface charge densities were apart from electrolyte ionic strength. The acidity of ${\gamma}$-alumina is linearly dependent on the P. Z,.C when the ${\gamma}$-alumina was dispersed in aqueous electrolyte solution.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2006

혈관신생(angiogenesis)은 골조직을 포함하는 모든 조직의 발생 및 개조(remodeling) 과정에 필요하다. 본 연구는 혈관 신생에 관여하는 단백질인 angiopoietin-2가 골대사에서 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 세포수준에서 관찰하였다. 즉 조골 세포에 미치는 영향을 알아보기위하여 세포생존률, 염기성인산분해효소 활성, gelatinase 활성 및 nitric oxide 생성을 관찰하였고, 파골세포에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 tartrate-저항성 인산분해효소 양성인 다핵세포의 형성 및 파골세포전구세포 배양 후 흡수면적을 측정함으로써 관찰하였다. Angiopoietin-2는 조골세포의 세포생존률 및 염기성 인산분해효소 활성을 증가시켰으며, gelatinase와 nitric oxide 생성의 증가시켰다. 또한 angiopoietin-2는 파골세포 생성 및 활성을 감소시켰다. 따라서 angiopoietin-2는 골수의 미세환경에서 세포의 조절작용을 하는 단백질로 여겨진다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 The 6th International Symposium of East Asian Resources Recycling Technology
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• pp.240-244
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• 2001

Recycling process involving mechanical, thermal, hydrometallurgical, and sol-gel step has been applied to recover cobalt and lithium from spent lithium ion batteries and to synthesize LiCoO$_2$from leach liquor as cathodic active materials. Electrode materials containing lithium and cobalt could be concentrated with 2-step thermal and mechanical treatment. Leaching behaviors of the lithium and cobalt in nitric acid media was investigated in terms of reaction variables. Hydrogen peroxide in 1 M HNO$_3$solution turned out to be an effective reducing agent by enhancing the leaching efficiency. O f many possible processes to produce LiCoO$_2$, the amorphous citrate precursor process (ACP) has been applied to synthesize powders with a large specific surface area and an exact stoichiometry. After leaching used LiCoO$_2$with nitric acid, the molar ratio of Li/Co in the leach liquor was adjusted at 1.1 by adding a fresh LiNO$_3$solution. Then, 1 M citric acid solution at a 100% stoichiometry was also added to prepare a gelatinous precursor. When the precursor was calcined at 95$0^{\circ}C$ for 24 hr, purely crystalline LiCoO$_2$was successfully obtained. The particle size and specific surface area of the resulting crystalline powders were 20 пm and 30 $\textrm{cm}^2$/g, respectively The LiCoO$_2$powder was proved to have good characteristics as cathode active materials in charge/discharge capacity and cyclic performance.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.940-948
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the immune activity of Ailantias altissima as an active ingredient on the immune enhancement by mixing ethanol extract with lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The activity of $NF-{\kappa}B/AP1$ transcription factor increased by $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity when mixed with LAB samples rather than with the extract alone. Nitric oxide (NO) production was similar in ethanol extract alone group and LPS treatment group. Mixing Ailantias altissima extract and lactic acid bacteria led to low NO production. The cytokine productivity of $TNF-{\alpha}$ significantly increased in Ailantias altissima extract when treated with LPS, and increased even more when mixed with lactic acid bacteria. The $IL-1{\beta}$ cytokine production was high when the Ailantias altissima extract were treated alone, but no $IL-1{\beta}$ cytokine was produced in the mixtures with isolates. The combination of the ethanol extract of the Ailantias altissima and the lactic acid bacteria was found to be effective in the immune function. Consequently, the ingredient to combine Ailantias altissima extract and lactic acid bacteria can be effectively used for development of the health functional food on the prevention and treatment of hypoimmunities.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.389-395
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• 2006

The use of pine bark, a natural adsorbent prepared from Korean Red Pine (Pinus densifloral), was studied for its adsorption behavior of lead ion from aqueous solution. Adsorption experiments were carried out on lead ion concentrations of 10mg/L. Adsorption of lead ion could be described by both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. Treatment of the bark with nitric acid greatly increased initial adsorption rate, and equilibrium sorption capacity increased by approximately 48%. A pseudo second-order kinetic model fitted well for the kinetic behavior of lead ion adsorption onto the bark. Acid-treated bark demonstrated its adsorption capacity quite close to that of granular activated carbon. Results of this study indicated that ion exchange and chelation were involved in the adsorption process.

• 분석과학
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.285-289
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 산 표면 처리한 입상 활성탄(GAC)과 활성 탄소섬유(ACF)에 의한 $Pb^{2+}$와 $Ni^{2+}$ 이온의 흡착 특성을 고찰하였다. 산 표면 처리용액으로는 1.0 M 질산 용액을 사용하였다. GAC와 ACF의 표면특성분석은 pH, 등전점(pHpzc), 그리고 원소분석기를 사용하였으며, 비표면적과 기공구조는 77K에서 $N_2$ 등온흡착 방법으로 측정하였다. 본 실험결과 GAC 와 ACF를 산으로 표면 처리한 경우 산소를 포함한 작용기가 증가하였다. 이처럼 산 표면 처리에 의해 증가된 표면 작용기에 따른 GAC 및 ACF의 기공이 막힘에도 불구하고, acidic-ACF > untreated-ACF > acdic-GAC > untreated-GAC 순으로 중금속 흡착능이 증가하였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.589-593
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• 2016

Propionibacterium acnes infection in skin tissue often causes acne vulgaris, commonly characterized by inflammatory papules, pustules, and nodules. Chitosan and its derivatives possess strong anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, the anti-inflammatory activity of chitosan-phytochemical conjugates on P. acnes-infected human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) was evaluated. We designed a model of P. acnes-induced inflammation in viable HaCaT cells. Nitric oxide (NO), an inflammatory marker, was successfully elevated by P. acnes infection in HaCaT cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the levels of NO were reduced by treatment with chitosan-phytochemical conjugates (chitosan-caffeic acid, -ferulic acid and -sinapic acid) in a dose-dependent manner. Among these conjugates, chitosan-caffeic acid exhibited the strongest NO suppression in HaCaT cells infected with P. acnes. The results obtained in this study suggest that chitosan-phytochemical conjugates could be used as a potential therapeutic agent against acne vulgaris.