• Title/Summary/Keyword: nitrate(${NO_3}^-$)

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Influence of N Forms to the Ionic Balance of Tobacco Plants (담배식물의 이온균형(均衡)에 미치는 형태별(形態別) 질소(窒素)의 영향)

  • Lee, Yun-Hwan
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.139-145
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    • 1986
  • In order to study the influence of nitrate reduction to ionic balance in tissue of tobacco plant, differneces in amounts of those cations and anions were determined and these balances were compared with contents of organic acids and activities of nitrate reductase, while they were fertilized with different nitrogen sources ($NO_3-N$, $NH_4-N$, $NO_3+NH_4-N$) in water culture. The results of studies are summerized as follows; 1. Total uptake of inorganic cations was the highest in nitrate-fed plants, whereas that of inorganic anions showed the highest level in the plants grown with the mixture ($NO_3+NH_4$). The amounts of inorganic cations and anions were comparable in two treatments containing $NH_4-N$, but in plants treated with nitrate only had much higher level of inorganic cations than others. 2. Deficiency in the amount of inorganic anions in nitrate-fed plants was balanced with organic acids, dominantly with malic acid among them. But another two $NH_4-N$ fed plant sustained equilibrium between inorganic cations and anions. 3. Reduction of nitrate was raised in tissues of nitrate-fed plants. By the results of nitrate reduction, cations maintained equilibrium with nitrate ion were let loose. The replacement of inorganic anions with organic anions could be a compensation process for the loss of uptaken nitrate ions which must be reduced to be incorporated into organic N compounds.

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Selective Adsorption Properties of Nitrate ion in Sulfate and Nitrate Solution by Bead and Fibrous Hybrid Ion Exchange Bed (비드와 섬유 혼성이온교환 베드를 이용한 황산이온과 질산이온 혼합용액에서 질산이온의 선택 흡착 특성)

  • 황택성;박명규
    • Polymer(Korea)
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.69-74
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    • 2003
  • In this study, we have investigated the adsorption properties for nitrate ion in ground water using mixed resin type hybrid ion exchange (HIXF) and fiber type ion exchanger. Their swelling ratio (4.45 g/g) and ion exchange capacities (2.45 meq/g) were higer than the swelling ratio of IEC and IXF. Adsorption yield increased for nitrate $NO_3^-$ and sulfate $SO_4^{2-}$ ions were optimal at the concentration ratios of nitrate and sulfate below 1.0 and the adsorption yields were 100% and 20%, respectively. On the other hand it was shown that the degree of adsorpted for nitrate to pH 3, but it was little changed in the other pH range. We found that the selective adsorption capacity for nitrate was the optimal the mixing ratios of resin and fibrous ion exchanger of below 0.5.

Accumuation Pattern of Nitrate-Nitrogen in Sorghum And Maize Plants as Affected by Morphological Characteristics And Environmental Temperature (Sorghum 및 옥수수의 형태적 특성과 재배온도가 Nitrate-Nitrogen 축적에 미치는 영향)

  • 김정갑
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.146-152
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    • 1987
  • Sorghum cv. Pioneer 93 1, sorghum-sudangrass hybrid cv. Sioux and maize plant cv. Blizzard were assayed for toxic concentrations of nitrate-nitrogen ($NO_3$-N) and their relationship to morphological characteristics and environmental temperature in a field and phytotron trial. In the phytotron, sorghum and maize plants ranging from emergence to heading stage, were grown under different day/night temperatures of 30125, 25/20,28/18 and 1818 degree C. Nitrate-nitrogen in sorghum and maize plants was accumulated mainly in stems. Therefore nitrate concentration in the young plants was increased as development of stalks advanced and was highest at the stage of 3-4 leaves, when the plants had a leaf weight ratio 0.78-0.80 g/g plant weight. However, nitrate concentrations of the plant decreased as morphological development progressed, especially from the stage of growing point differentiation. Correlation coefficients showed a positive correlation of nitrate concentration with leaf weight ratio, leaf area ratio and specific leaf area, while plant height, dry matter percentage and absolute growth rate showed a negative association with TEX>$NO_3$-N ($P{\le}0.1$%). Cyanogenic glycosides, total nitrogen and crude protein were close associated with nitrate accumulation, and positively significant ($P{\le}0.1$%). High temperature over 30/25^{\circ}C.$ for 3 weeks increased N-uptake and dry matter accumulation, but reduced nitrate concentration. Under cold temperature below 18/8^{\circ}C.$ concentration of nitrate-N was increased in spite of its limited nitrogen uptake and plant growth.

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A Study on Equilibrium of $NH_4NO_{3(s, aq)}-HNO_{3(g)}-NH_{3(g)}$ in Urban Atmosphere (도시 대기중에서 $NH_4NO_{3(s, aq)}-HNO_{3(g)}-NH_{3(g)}$의 평형에 관한 연구(II))

  • 천만영;이영재;김희강
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.154-159
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    • 1993
  • Theoretical prediction of the equilibrium of temperature and relative humidity dependance involving $HNO_{3(g)}-NH_{3(g)}$ and $NH_4NH_{3(s, aq)}$ was compared with atmospheric measurement of particulate nitrate$(NO_3^-)$, Ammonia-Nitric Acid partial pressure product $([$NH_{3(g)}][HNO_{3(g)}]ppb^2$) by a triple filter pack sampler from Oct 1991 to July 1992. The measured $HNO_3NH_3$ concentration product K was greater than equilibrium constant $K_p$ calculated from thermodynamic data of $NH_4NO_{3(s, aq)}-HNO_{3(g)}-NH_{3(g)}$ during fall, winter and spring. But K was lower than $K_p$ in summer. K was greater than $K_p$ as the result of supersaturation by air pollution, particularly anthropogenic $NH_3$.The reason of $K < K_p$ was due to removal of particulate nitrate$(NO_3^-)$ by rainout and washout. $NH_4NO_3$ which consists mainly of particulate nitrate is formed by reaction between $HNO_3$ and $NH_3$. As a result of the removal of particulate nitrate$(NO_3^-)$ by rainout and washout, concentrations of $HNO_3$ and $NH_3$ are decreased by equilibrium transfer(Le Chatelier's Law) in atmosphere.

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Effect of $\textrm{NO}_3$:$\textrm{NH}_4$ Ratio on the $\textrm{NO}_3$ Content in Leaf Lettuce Cultured by a Deep Flow Technique (잎상추의 수경재배시 $\textrm{NO}_3$-N과 $\textrm{NH}_4$-N의 비율이 엽중 nitrate 함량에 미치는 효과)

  • 김혜진;김영식
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.50-54
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    • 2001
  • Effect of NO$_3$:NH$_4$ratio and pH of nutrient solution on nitrate content of leaves was investigated for leaf lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.) grown by a deep flow technique. Ratios(in me.L$^{-1}$ ) of NO$_3$:NH$_4$tested were 12:1, 10:3 and 8:5. The treatment of 8:5 NO$_3$:NH$_4$ratio had two solutions, one with uncontrolled pH and the other with automatically controlled pH. Solution pH continuously increased in 12:1 NO$_3$:NH$_4$treatment. Solution pH decreased gradually more as NH$_4$ratio increased. Treatment of 8:5 NO$_3$:NH$_4$with automatic pH control satisfactorily maintained the solution pH in the range of pH 5.5-6.0. Nitrate content in leaves was the greatest in treatment of 12:1 NO$_3$:NH$_4$ and the least in treatment of 8:5 NO$_3$:NH$_4$with automatic pH control. Fresh weight decreased in treatments of 10:3 and 8:5 NO$_3$:NH$_4$, whereas it increased in treatments of 12:1 and 8:5 NO$_3$:NH$_4$with pH control. It was concluded that the growth and leaf nitrate content were the greatest in high NH$_4$treatment with automatic pH control.

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Phosphorus Removal by DPAOs (Denitrifying Phosphorus Accumulating Organisms) in Aerobic Condition (호기 조건에서 DPAOs (Denitrifying Phosphorus Accumulation Organisms)에 의한 인 제거)

  • Jeong, No-Sung;Park, Young-Seek;Kim, Dong-Seog
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.62-66
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    • 2010
  • This study was carried out to get phosphorus uptake rate in aerobic condition with nitrate and nitrite. Nitrate and nitrite inhibited phosphorus accumulating organisms' (PAOs') luxury uptake in aerobic condition. Nitrite awfully decreased the phosphorus uptake rate in aerobic condition. At the influent of 10 mg ${NO_3}^-$-NL, the phosphorus uptake was decreased to 52% comparing that at no influent of nitrate. And at the influent of 10 mg ${NO_2}^-$-NL, the phosphorus uptake was decreased to 28% comparing that at no influent of nitrite. At the influent of 20 mg ${NO_3}^-$-NL, nitrite and nitrate were co-existed and the phosphorus uptake rate was decreased to 16% comparing that at no influent of nitrite and nitrate. Also, the denitrification was occurred by denitrifying glycogen accumulating organisms (DGAOs)/denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organisms (OPAOs) in spite of aerobic condition, and the phosphorus uptake rate was increased by the decrease of influent nitrate concentration at the aerobic condition. The inflection point in the phosphorus uptake rate was shown at the nitrite concentration of 1.5~2 mg/L.

A Study on the Volatilization of Particulate Nitrate (NO3-) During Fine Particle (PM2.5) Measurement (미세입자(PM2.5) 측정시 발생되는 질산염(NO3-) 휘발에 관한 연구)

  • 강병욱;이학성
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.297-303
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    • 2002
  • Fine particles (d$_{p}$ < 2.5 $\mu$m) were measured using an annular denuder system (ADS) in Chongju. The data set was collected on fifty-eight different days with a 24-hr sampling period from October 27, 1995 through August 25, 1996. Particulate nitrate in the ADS was also measured on teflon and nylon filters in series behind denuders to collect HNO$_3$, HNO$_2$, SO$_2$and NH$_3$. From this study. the mean concentration of particulate nitrate of PM$_{2.5}$ in the ADS were seen with the following order: winter (5.05) >fall (4.36) >spring (3.92) > summer (1.10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥). Nitrate losses, which calculated from the ratio of nylon filter nitrate to the sum of teflon and nylon filter nitrates, varied in the following manner summer (72.2%) > spring (42.6%) > fall (23.5%)> winter (0.4%). Especially, gaseous nitric acid was dominant at temperature higher than 8$^{\circ}C$ while particulate nitrate was major species in total nitrate below that temperature. This indicates the particulate nitrate loss is strongly correlated rather with ambient temperature.e.e.

Variation of Nitrate Concentrations and δ15N Values of Seawater in the Drake Passage, Antarctic Ocean (남극해 드레이크해협 해수의 질산염 농도와 질소동위원소 값의 변화)

  • Jang, Yang-Hee;Khim, Boo-Keun;Shin, Hyoung-Chul;Sigman, Daniel M.;Wang, Yi;Hong, Chang-Su
    • Ocean and Polar Research
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.407-418
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    • 2008
  • Seawater samples were collected at discrete depths from five stations across the polar front in the Drake Passage (Antarctic Ocean) by the $20^{th}$ Korea Antarctic Research Program in December, 2006. Nitrate concentrations of seawater increase with depth within the photic zone above the depth of Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW). In contrast, ${\delta}^{15}N$ values of seawater nitrate decrease with depth, showing a mirror image to the nitrate variation. Such a distinct vertical variation is mainly attributed to the degree of nitrate assimilation by phytoplankton as well as organic matter degradation of sinking particles within the surface layer. The preferential $^{14}{NO_3}^-$ assimilation by the phytoplankton causes $^{15}{NO_3}^-$ concentration to become high in a closedsystem surface-water environment during the primary production, whereas more $^{14}{NO_3}^-$ is added to the seawater during the degradation of sinking organic particles. The water-mass mixing seems to play an important role in the alteration of ${\delta}^{15}N$ values in the deep layer below the UCDW. Across the polar front, nitrate concentrations of surface seawater decrease and corresponding ${\delta}^{15}N$ values increase northward, which is likely due to the degree of nitrate utilization during the primary production. Based on the Rayleigh model, the calculated ${\varepsilon}$ (isotope effect of nitrate uptake) values between 4.0%o and 5.8%o were validated by the previously reported data, although the preformed ${\delta}^{15}{{NO_3}^-}_{initial}$ value of UCDW is important in the calculation of ${\varepsilon}$ values.

Electron Donor Determination and Comparisons of Reaction Rates for Bioremediation of Nitrate Contaminated Groundwater (질산성 질소로 오염된 지하수의 생물복원을 위한 적정 전자공여체의 결정 및 반응속도 비교 연구)

  • Oa, Seongwook;Lee, Yoonhee;Kim, Geonha;Kim, Young
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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    • v.21 no.6
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    • pp.630-636
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    • 2005
  • Groundwater contamination by nitrate exceeding water quality criteria (10 mg $NO_3{^-}-N/L$) occurs frequently. Fumarate, acetate, formate, lactate, propionate, ethanol, methane and hydrogen gas were evaluated for their nitrate removal efficiencies and removal rates for in situ bioremediation of nitrate contaminated groundwater. Denitrification rate for each substrate was in the order of: fumarate > hydrogen > formate/lactate > ethanol > propionate > methanol > acetate. Microcosm studies were performed with fumarate and acetate. When fumarate was used as a substrate, nitrate was removed 100 percent with rate of 0.66 mmol/day while conversion rate from nitrate to nitrogen gas or another by-product was 87 percent. 42 mg of fumarate was needed to remove 30 mg $NO_3{^-}-N/L$. When using acetate as carbon source, 31 percent of nitrate was removed during initial adjustment period. Among removed fraction, however, 83 percent of nitrate removed by cell growth. Overall nitrate removal rate was 0.37 mmol/day. Acetate showed longer lag time in consumption compared to that of nitrate, which implying that acetate would be better carbon source compared to fumarate as more amount was utilized for nitrate removal than cell growth.

Changes of Nitrosamine-Related-Compounds by Salt Concentration and Nitrate Content during the Korean Native Soysauce Fermentation (재래(在來) 간장덧 숙성중(熟成中) 식염농도(食鹽濃度)와 Nitrate함량(含量)에 따른 Nitrosamine 관련물질(關聯物質)의 변화(變化))

  • Kim, Mi-Seong;Koh, Moo-Seok;Kwon, Tae-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.329-338
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    • 1985
  • This study was undertaken in order to research formation of nitrosamine and its related compounds by salt concentration and nitrate content during Korean native soysauce fermentation. The results from measuring the changes of nitrite and dimethylamine content can be summerized as follows. As the nitrate content in used water was getting higher and the salt concentration was getting lower, the soysauce fermentation was abnormal. As the salt concentration was getting higher, the reduction of nitrate and formation of nitrite were delayed. But whether the nitrate content in used water was higher or not, the nitrite was continuously remained. An addition of ascorbic acid restrained the reduction of nitrate, and simultaneously, it could eliminate the nitrite effectively. As the nitrate content in used water, was getting higher, the content of dimethylamine was getting lower. Nitrosodimethylamine was detected from 0 to 261.34 ppb.

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