• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.171-184
• /
• 2002

The survey was conducted from Sep. to Oct. 2001 by questionnaires in order to investigate the patterns and preference of eating out of 321 workers men in JinJu. The frequency of eating out was different with the age of subjects and the purpose for which meals were eaten. However the price of a meal was not different with the purpose of eating out except for purchasing foods at lunch or dinner. Even though small group in 30s and 40s over aged, there are some peoples willing to pay for expensive foods for family or friends. So it needs to develop luxury food items which appeal to these target customer groups. Bibimbab(rice with assorted vegetables) and Naengmyun(cold noodle) had higher ranking for a lunch on the 26-list of famous dishes of commercial restaurents in JinJu. Subjects also preferred Hanjungshik(basic type of Korean menu pattern) and Haemultang(sea food casserole) for a dinner. They had preferences Hanjungshik, Sashimi, Beef Bulgogi for business, social, family meetings. They recommended Hanjungshik, Bibimbab, Beef Bulgogi, Jangeogui(grilled eel), Sashimi to foreign tourists for the best JinJu food with pride. Subjects liked Pizza, Hamburger, Soondae(Korean sausage) for a snack in a day and Pizza, Soondae, Yangnyeumtongdak(spicy fried chicken) were preferred for a snack at night.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.222-231
• /
• 2007

Purpose: This study aims to suggest political alternatives for nursing care costs for PCAs to provide qualitative medical benefit for patients with occupational disease by investigating present situation and problems of the nursing care cost system of Korea's Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance. Methods: Data was collected from 6 workers' accident medical corporation and 275 nurses affiliated with Korea labor welfare corporation using self reported questionnaire. Result: Research results were as follows; Character of nursing care cost of the Korea's Industrial accident Compensation Insurance changed as if it aims to support for living expenses for the family; As possible problems which could be caused under current system, administrative problems, decrease of service quality were made as objects of criticism. Some patients did not make every effort in rehabilitation to be beneficiaries continuously. Some patients were supplied with whole one PCA or all-night PCA even though they did not need as much caring as such. Conclusion: The research suggested that PCAs payment system improvement is necessary, and the presented nurses' opinion for the improvement method could be applied for policy making.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.462-467
• /
• 2018

Background: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of work on medical expenditures by the elderly. Methods: Data pertaining to individuals aged 65 or older collected by the Korean Health Panel 2008-2013 were used. The effects of work on medical expenditures were analyzed in a panel tobit model adjusted for several variables of demographic factors, socioeconomic factors, and health factors for health care. Data were also analyzed based on age groups (65-74, $75{\leq}$), type of work (waged or self-employed), and working time (daytime work or night time work). Results: Among the elderly older than 65 years, 34-37% were workers. Work among the elderly reduced medical expenditures relative to nonworking elderly. Specifically, medical expenditures were lower in individuals older than 75 years, as well as among those who were self-employed insured and had medical aid insurance and those who exercised. However, medical expenditures were higher among females, married individuals, those with a higher household income, and those with a chronic disease. Elderly wageworkers showed reduced medical expenditures than nonworking elderly and elderly daytime workers did. Conclusion: The elderly population's work, especially wage work and daytime work, reduced medical expenditures relative to no work. These results provide valuable information for policymakers by indicating that work was associated with lower medical expenditures than no work. If elderly work is to be encouraged, it is necessary to provide a variety of high-quality wage work.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.8 no.5
• /
• pp.597-602
• /
• 2022

In construction sites, many accidents occur without supervisors during night work, early work, and lunchtime work outside of regular working hours. The purpose of this study is to measure the safety level of workers and to provide basic data for preventing accidents during vulnerable times by analyzing the opinions of expert groups on working conditions. Working conditions were divided into four areas: basic conditions, physical environment, social environment, and physiological factors. After examining the correlation between the priority considerations determined by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the safety level of workers investigated in advance, management plans for each factor was derived.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.66-73
• /
• 2012

Purpose: This study examines the effect of aroma inhalation therapy with lavender and rosewood essential oils for alleviating fatigue and enhancing quality of sleep in nurse shift workers. Methods: The data were collected from November 9th to 27th in 2009 at four hospitals located in Seoul. Total 60 nurses who started their night-shift works were chosen for the study and allocated to either experimental group or control group. The experimental group had had aroma inhalation therapy with lavender and rosewood for 2 weeks and was compared the level of fatigue and quality of sleep with those of the control group. Results: Significant differences were shown between the experimental group and the control group. After 2 weeks, the nurses in experimental group reported significantly lower level of fatigue and higher quality of sleep compared to the nurses in control group. Conclusion: Therefore, aroma inhalation therapy by using lavender and rosewood essential oils can be an effective intervention for relieving the level of fatigue and enhancing quality of sleepf for nurse shift workers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• 2006.11a
• /
• pp.669-673
• /
• 2006

Field works are decreasing gradually since advancement of industrial robots. Tunnel cleaning is a dangerous field work which can be solved only by introducingadvanced tunnel cleaning automation equipment. Industrial robots work tirelessly night and day without a loss in performance. Consequently, greatly reduce the costs of manufactured goods.So far only 200 construction robots are invented. Robots used for tunnel cleaning are not of high standard they always need additional workers for job to be done. Robots offer specific benefits to workers, industries and countries. If introduced correctly for tunnel cleaning, industrial robots can improve the quality of life by freeing workers from dirty, boring, dangerous and heavy labor. Development of advanced tunnel cleaning automation equipment is a must to overcome above issues. The benefits of robots to industry include improved management control, productivity and consistently high quality products. This research is a study on tunnel cleaning automation equipment and introducing advanced tunnel cleaning automation equipment.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.279-286
• /
• 2023

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the association between exposure to occupational hazards and the metabolic syndrome. A secondary objective was to analyze the additive and multiplicative effects of exposure to risk factors. Methods: This retrospective cohort was based on 31,615 health examinees at the Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital in Republic of Korea from 2012-2021. Demographic and behavior-related risk factors were treated as confounding factors, whereas three physical factors, 19 organic solvents and aerosols, and 13 metals and dust were considered occupational risk factors. Time-dependent Cox regression analysis was used to calculate hazard ratios. Results: The risk of metabolic syndrome was significantly higher in night shift workers (hazard ratio = 1.45: 95% confidence interval = 1.36-1.54) and workers who were exposed to noise (1.15:1.07-1.24). Exposure to some other risk factors was also significantly associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome. They were dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, trichloroethylene, xylene, styrene, toluene, dichloromethane, copper, antimony, lead, copper, iron, welding fume, and manganese. Among the 28 significant pairs, 19 exhibited both positive additive and multiplicative effects. Conclusions: Exposure to single or combined occupational risk factors may increase the risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Working conditions should be monitored and improved to reduce exposure to occupational hazards and prevent the development of the metabolic syndrome.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
• /
• v.35
• /
• pp.44.1-44.11
• /
• 2023

Background: A series of breast cancer cases were recently reported in a tertiary university hospital in South Korea. Nurses are generally exposed to risk factors for breast cancer such as night shift work, antineoplastic agents, and job strain. However, the epidemiological evidence of excess incidence among nurses remains lacking. This study aims to investigate the excess incidence of breast cancer among nurses in a tertiary university hospital and provide epidemiological evidence of occupational risk factors. Methods: A retrospective cohort was developed using personnel records of female workers in the nursing department who worked from January 2011 to June 2021 in a tertiary university hospital in South Korea. Sick leave records were used to identify cases of breast cancer. The standardized incidence ratio of breast cancer among nurses was compared to the general population. Results: A total of 5,509 nurses were followed up for 30,404 person-years, and 26 breast cancer cases were identified. This study revealed a significantly increased breast cancer incidence among all included nurses, with a standardized incidence ratio of 1.65 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-2.41), compared to the general population. Workers, who handle antineoplastic agents in their representative department and current and/or former department, had significantly elevated breast cancer standardized incidence ratios of 2.73 (95% CI: 1.008-5.94) and 3.39 (95% CI: 1.46-6.68), respectively. Conclusions: This study provides significant evidence of increased breast cancer risk among nursing staff in a hospital setting, particularly those who handle antineoplastic drugs. Measures that reduce exposure to risk factors should be implemented, especially anticancer drugs, to protect healthcare professionals. Further research at a national level that focuses on healthcare workers is necessary to validate breast cancer incidence and its contributing factors.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.10-17
• /
• 1978

Recently this writer has conducted a comprehensive survey of 38 private businesses where group feeding is practiced, with a view to determining the condition of nutrition intake by the blue collar workers of these businesses firms as well as gaining an indication of their facilities management along with their sanitary precautions. The survey has revealed, among others, a number of interesting data such as shown below. 1. There are a total of 1,054 workers being fed in groups daily at each of the above business companies, with only one nutrition specialist regardless of the number of workers to be fed or the number of times they are fed daily. The average number of cooks comes to 2.7 persons per 100 workers, while 42.2% of the companies provide four meals a day including mid-night supper, with the result that the workers are fed 3.13 times a day on an average. 2. The average feeding cost amounts to 151 won per meal per person, of which 86 won is payed by the workers themselves and 115 won by the companies involved. 3. The average fbod intake has been found to be 490 grams which can be further broken down into 44grams of animal food and 446grams of vegetable food. These figures are higher than those revealed by the 1975 investigation of the nation's average nutrition intake. 4. The survey also shows the daily calorie consumption per person to be as high as 896 calories including 37 grams of protein which is further broken down into 11 grams of animal protein and 26grams of vegetable protein. With respect to other types of nutrients excepting Vitamin-A, the companies concerned are believed to prorids more than what the survey of the nation's nutrition has revealed or the amount recommended by Korea FAO assoc!ation as desirable. 5. As for facilities management, there is still much room for future improvement. Some 97.4% of the companies surveyed are not equipped with the steam table, which indicates lack of concern along this line as well as a very how degree of equipment utilizations. Distribution of the food in the dining room is generally depedent on self-service method. 6. Speaking of sanitary precautions taken by those businesses involved, some 76.3% are found to have their compounds haunted by rats and other insects. Some 73.7% of them are dependent on boiling method for disinfection of kitchen utensils, which is conducted by 50% of those industries only two or three times a week. It seems hardly feasible to conduct disinfection everyday.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.159-169
• /
• 2016

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the generating characteristics of VOCs and the exposure effect to chemicals among laundry workers and to identify the current status of occupational safety and health through health check-ups. Methods: During the six-month period from April to September 2015, this study quantitatively measured seven VOCs in ten laundries and carried out health examinations on 35 workers. Results: Comparing the monitoring results for the ten laundries, they were classified into three groups by ventilation system, dry-cleaning and size of shop. The average concentration of toluene, chlorobenzene, xylene, ethylbenzene, benzene, styrene and TCE were 23.9, 15.6, 5.5, 2.8, 0.9, 0.3 and $1.3{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. During dry-cleaning, VOC concentrations were 1.3-8.9 times higher than usual. On the other hand, at night the concentrations of toluene, chlorobenzene, xylene, ethylbenzene, benzene, styrene and TCE were 64.3, 41.5, 12.2, 6.3, 1.1, 1.2 and $6.6{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. The health checkup results for the 35 workers showed that 13 workers were diagnosed as normal, while 22 workers were diagnosed as requiring continuous monitoring or re-checkup of liver and hematogenous functions. Conclusions: Although the results of exposure evaluation to VOCs did not exceed reference value and items had a low correlation with health checkup items, it is necessary to improve indoor air quality due to VOC volatilization from clothes.