• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
• /
• v.27 no.6
• /
• pp.303-308
• /
• 2017

The $FeCl_3$ waste solution used to etch various metals contains valuable metal such as nickel. In this study, we recovered as high purity nickel carbonate crystalline powders from nickel-containing etching waste solution after regeneration of iron chloride. Firstly we eliminated about of the iron impurities under the condition of pH 4 using 5 % NaOH aqueous solution and then removed the remaining impurities such as Ca, Mn and Zn etc. by using solvent extractant D2EHPA (Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid). Thereafter, nickel carbonate powder having a purity of 99.9 % or more was obtained through reaction with sodium carbonate in a nickel chloride solution.

• Journal of Powder Materials
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.201-207
• /
• 2005

Nickel powders were synthesized by the hydrazine reduction of nickel chloride solution containing ammonia in DEA solutions. The size distribution of nickel powders were investigated as a function of ammonia concentration, hydrazine concentration and the mixed composition ratio of diethanolammine (DEA) and triethanolammine (TEA). Nickel powders with the size in submicron range were obtained at $185^{\circ}C$ for 45 minutes by hydrazine reduction of nickel chloride solution in DEA solutions. The hydrazine concentrations showed significant effects on the particle size and shape distribution of nickel powders under $NH_3/Ni^{2+}$ molar ratio of 2.0 condition. As the mixed volume ratio of TEA and DEA increased, nickel powders with relatively larger particle size and low agglomeration were obtained. Nickel powders with particle size in the ranged from 0.4 to $0.9\;{\mu}m$ were obtained at the 50 $vol.%$ of TEA.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.12 no.10
• /
• pp.803-808
• /
• 2002

Nickel powders were prepared from nickel chloride solution by wet reduction process, and the size control of the particles was investigated with reactant concentration, dispersant agent, and the addition of ethanol as an organic solvent in NiCl$_2$ aqueous solution. The size of the particle decreased with the increase of nickel chloride concentration. Their average particle size were 1.9$\mu\textrm{m}$, 1.6$\mu\textrm{m}$ and $1.5\mu\textrm{m}$ with 0.5M, 0.8M and 1.0M of nickel chloride concentration respectively. The spherical particle was easily controlled by the addition of ethanol as an organic solvent. Especially, in 30 vol% of ethanol, the average particle size and specific surface area were about 0.2$\mu\textrm{m}$ and 8.98m$^2$/g, respectively.

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.14-18
• /
• 2019

In general after the etching process, waste etching solution contains metals. (ex. Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr), Zinc (Zn), etc.) In this work, we proposed a recycling process for waste etching solution and refining from waste liquid contained nickel to make nickel metal nano powder. At first, the neutralization agent was experimentally selected through the hydrolysis of impurities such as iron by adjusting the pH. We selected sodium hydroxide solution as a neutralizing agent, and removed impurities such as iron by pH = 4. And then, metal ions (ex. Manganese (Mn) and Zinc (Zn), etc.) remain as impurities were refined by D2EHPA (Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid). The nickel powders were synthesized by liquid phase reduction method with hydrazine ($N_2H_4$) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The resulting nickel chloride solution and nickel metal powder has high purity ( > 99%). The purity of nickel chloride solution and nickel nano powders were measured by EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic) titration method with ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer). FE-SEM (field emission scanning electron microscopy) was used to investigate the morphology, particle size and crystal structure of the nickel metal nano powder. The structural properties of the nickel nano powder were characterized by XRD (X-ray diffraction) and TEM (transmission electron microscopy).

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.30 no.10
• /
• pp.2203-2207
• /
• 2009

Chemical equilbria of nickel chloride in HCl solution at $25\;{^{\circ}C}$ were analyzed by considering chemical equilibria, mass and charge balance equations. The activity coefficients of solutes were calculated by using Bromley equation. The necessary thermodynamic properties, such as the equilibrium constant for the formation of Ni$Cl^+$ at zero ionic strength and interaction parameter, were evaluated by applying Bromley equation to the stability constant data reported in the literature. It was found that most nickel exists as $Ni^{2+}$ in HCl solution up to 5 molality HCl. The pH values of Ni$Cl_2-HCl-H_2O$ system at $25\;{^{\circ}C}$ calculated in this study agreed well with the pH values measured by employing pH meter.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.22 no.8
• /
• pp.426-432
• /
• 2012

This study involves using nickel chloride solution as a raw material to produce nano-sized nickel oxide powder with average particle size below 50 nm by the spray pyrolysis reaction. The influence of the inflow speed of raw material solution on the properties of the produced powder is examined. When the inflow speed of the raw material solution is at 2 ml/min., the average particle size of the powder is 15~25 nm and the particle size distribution is relatively uniform. When the inflow speed of the solution increases to 10 ml/min., the average particle size of the powder increases to about 25 nm and the particle size distribution becomes much more uneven. When the inflow speed of the solution increases to 20 ml/min., the average particle size of the powder increases in comparison to the case in which the inflow speed of the solution was 10 ml/min. However, the particle size distribution is very uneven, showing various particle size distributions ranging from 10 nm to 70 nm. When the inflow speed of solution increases to 50 ml/min., the average particle size of the powder decreases in comparison to the case in which the inflow speed was 20 ml/min., and the particle size distribution shows more evenness. As the inflow speed of the solution increases from 2 ml/min. to 20 ml/min., the XRD peak intensities gradually increase, while the specific surface area decreases. When the inflow speed of solution increases to 50 ml/min., the XRD peak intensities rather decrease, while the specific surface area increases.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.168-175
• /
• 1988

The nickel0zinc allot depositions have been studjen in ammonium chloridw added chloride baths to fine out the effects of ultrasonic irradiation for the electrodeposition processes. The compositions of deposited alloys, the current efficiencies, corrosion resistance and brightness in various conditions of electrodeposition were investigated, in the range of ultrasonic irradiation of 50,500 and 1,000kc/s respectively. The results obtained are as follows; 1. the ratio of nikel to zinc in the deposit increased according 시 the ammonium chloride concentration in irradiated baths. 2. The current efficiencies became also higer in the irradiated bath. 3. Ammonium ions in solution seem to retard formation of zinc hydroxide. 4. The corrsion resistance and brightness of the deposits are dependent upon nickel content of deposits which ranges 10-18%(wt)nickel in the irradiated baths and 11-15%(wt)in ninirradisted baths. 5. The corrosion resistance and brightnes of the deposited are appreciably better in the irradiated baths than in non-irradiated bath with the mole ratio of 3.4(NH+4/Ni+++Zn++).

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.61-66
• /
• 2020

Nickel is a nutritionally essential trace element that plays an important role in the immune system of several animal species. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of nickel chloride on chemotactic activity of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) and whether this effect is associated with interleukin (IL)-8 and a nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-dependent pathway. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and PMNs were isolated by Percoll solution (Specific gravity; 1.080) and 1.5% dextran treatment, respectively. A modified Boyden chamber assay was used to measure the chemotactic activity of PMNs. The level of IL-8 in culture supernatant from PBMCs was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Both of PBMCs and PMNs exhibited a low viability when cultured with concentration of greater than 1,000 μM of nickel chloride for 24 h. Thus, nickel chloride was used at concentration of 500 μM, which preserved cell viability. Treatment with nickel did not directly affect the chemotactic activity of PMNs. However, the chemotactic activity of PMNs was remarkably increased by culture supernatant from PBMCs treated with nickel chloride (500 μM) for 24 h. Recombinant porcine IL-8 polyclonal antibody (pAb) neutralized the enhancing effect on the chemotactic activity of PMNs by culture supernatant from PBMCs treated with nickel and this culture supernatant had higher IL-8 levels than the culture supernatant from untreated PBMCs. In addition, n-tosyll-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK), a NF-κB inhibitor, antagonized the enhancing effect on the chemotactic activity of PMNs by the culture supernatant from PBMCs treated with nickel. These results suggested that nickel stimulates porcine PBMCs to produce IL-8, which increases the chemotaxis of PMNs via NF-κB-dependent pathway.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.614-622
• /
• 1996

Efficient removal of nickel from the ferric chloride etching solution has been studied. At first, $Fe^{3+}$ was reduced to $Fe^{2+}$ by the electrolytic iron flake or the waste shadow mask iron plate. And then, $Ni^{2+}$ was removed from the solution by electrolytic iron powder. Under the optimum conditions the reduced rates of nickel were 99 % and 98%, respectively at the initial $Ni^{2+}$ concentrations of 1.0% and 0.1%. Sludge formed during reduction of $Fe^{3+}$ in the solution were analyzed by XRD and SEM.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.38-45
• /
• 2003

ionic equilbria of nickel chloride in hydrochloric acid solutions were analyzed by considering chemical equilibria, mass and charge balance equations. The activity coefficients of solutes were calculated by using Bromley equation. It was found that most of species containing nickel existed as $Ni^{2+}$ 와 $NiCl^{+}$. The mole fractions of nickel hydroxides were very low in the con-centration ranges considered in this study and the mole fraction of$Ni_4$ $(OH)_{4}^{4+}$ increased greatly with the pH of the solution. The pH values of $NiCl_2$ $-HCl-NaOH-H_2$O system at $25^{\circ}C$ calculated in this study agreed well with those experimentally measured up to ionic strength of 9.4m.