• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.890-900
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• 2000

The aim of this investigation was to collect the baseline data about growth, dietary behaviors, nutrient intakes and dietary quality of children at child care centers for planning nutritional management program. The dietary intakes were measured by weighing method for intakes at child care centers and by dietary records by children\\`s mothers for intakes at home. The weight and height were measured and calculated z-scores by using standard of the same age groups. The children were 163 boys and 168 girls and the mean age were 55.6 months(12-78 months) and 56.0 months(16-78 months). respectively. The Z-score for height(0.33) and weight(0. 11) showed that the growth of children were above average. Nutrients intakes such s energy, protein, fiber, iron, sodium, potassium, vitamin A, vitamin B$_1$, vitamin C, niacin of boys from lunch and snack at day care centers were significantly higher than those of girls, and the meals at child care centers provided 20-37% of RDAs. The daily energy intakes were 1332.2kcal(83.1% RDA), protein 44. 26g(109.3% RDA), calcium 437.73mg(72.4% RDA), iron 7.24mg(72.4% RDA), vitamin A 459.6RE(113.1% RDA),vitamin B$_1$ 0.74mg(93.4% RDA), vitamin B$_2$0.79mg(79.7% RDA), niacin 7.66mg(69.9% RDA) and vitamin C 56.84mg(142.1% RDA). The nutrients which more than 50% of subjects ate less than 75% RDA were calcium, iron, niacin, and vitamin B$_2$.The average mean adequacy ratio was 0.80 and mean dietary variety score was 22.42, and those are positively correlated to % RDA of nutrient intakes. In summary, the children using child care centers consumed most nutrients below level of RDA and the nutritional management program at child care center is required to enhance the nutritional status of them. (Korean J Nutrition 33(8) : 890-900, 2000)

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.225-236
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• 2015

Materials for nutrition education to promote nutrition intake and prevent diseases in elderly individuals were developed, nutrition education was provided to 46 elderly females for 12 weeks, and its effects on the body composition, blood profile, and nutritional quality of subjects were qualitatively analyzed. After the education program, the weight of subjects decreased from 56.7 kg to 56.0 kg (p<0.001), their body fat dropped from 20.8 kg to 19.6 kg (p<0.01), their body mass index (BMI) declined from $25.2kg/m^2$ to $24.9kg/m^2$ (p<0.01), and their percentage of body fat decreased significantly (p<0.05). On the other hand, blood sugar showed a significant increase from 131.6 mg/dl to 141.8 mg/dl (p<0.05). Overall, the percentage of nutrition intake rose. In particular, the estimated energy requirement increased from 89.3% to 99.5% (p<0.05). Further, the contrast ratio of recommended intake showed significant increases in protein (p<0.01), phosphorus (p<0.05), vitamin $B_2$ (p<0.05), vitamin $B_6$ (p<0.05), and niacin(p<0.001), and that of adequate intake showed a significant increase in sodium (p<0.05). The nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) showed a significant increase only in niacin (p<0.05), and the index of nutritional quality (INQ) showed significant increases in protein (p<0.05) and niacin (p<0.001). After the nutrition education program, a qualitative analysis of nutrients consumed by subjects was conducted. The results show improvements across the board except for the deficient intake of calcium and folic acid, suggesting that the nutrition status of subjects changed in a positive direction through the program. The implementation of this program for elderly individuals in a continuous and repetitive manner is expected to facilitate their nutrition management.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.102-111
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among serum leptin, nutritional status, and the obesity indices of 55 obese children in Daegu and Kyungpook area. Obesity was defined as fat percentage that exceed 25% of body fat mass. Energy and nutritional status were tended to be low, and dietary intake of calcium and iron were less than any other nutrients in all the subjects. Especially, beverage intake of obese group was more than non-obese group. The leptin level were significantly correlated with %RDA of energy (0.41, p < 0.001), protein (0.44, p < 0.001), phosphate (0.40, p < 0.001), iron (0.37, p < 0.001), vitamin A (0.31, p < 0.01), thiamin (0.40, p < 0.001), riboflavin (0.26, p < 0.05), niacin (0.51, p < 0.001), and vitamin C (0.24, p < 0.05). The leptin level were significantly correlated with MAR (mean adequacy ratio, r : 0.43, p <0.001) and INQ (index of nutrient quality) of thiamin (r : 0.22, p <0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that %RDA of niacin in obese group ($R^2$: 0.208, p : 0.001) and total subjects ($R^2$ : 0.257, p : 0.000), MAR (p : 0.003) and INQ (p : 0.048) of niacin in obese group ($R^2$ : 0.255) and MAR (p : 0.000) and rNQ ofca (p : 0.024) in total subjects ($R^2$ : 0.231) may be important independent predictors to leptin level. MAR showed a significantly positive correlation with %fat (r = 0.42, p < 0.01), BMI (r = 0.46, p < 0.01), RW (r : 0.44, p < 0.01), WHR (r : 0.39, p < 0.01) and, "ieRnA (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). These data indicated relationships among leptin level, nutrient intake, %RDA, MAh, and INQ in children.dren.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.138-146
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• 2019

Vitamin $B_3$ (niacin) is essential for all living cells and plays a central role in energy metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. Vitamin $B_3$, a water-soluble vitamin, is present in the form of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide, a monocarboxylic acid derivative of pyridine. While nicotinic acid is commonly effective in lowering cholesterol levels, unlike nicotinic acid, nicotinamide is ineffective on lipids. Presence rates of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide, which are the available forms of vitamin $B_3$, are different for each food. However, the studies in the literature are generally based on the analysis of total amount of vitamin $B_3$ in foods and the studies determining the profile of vitamin $B_3$ in foods are limited. The aim of the study was to determine the vitamin $B_3$ profiles of 10 kinds of animal based food and 10 different plant based food samples. In this study, 10 kinds of animal based food samples consisting of veal (veal steak fillet), chicken (breast), turkey meat (thigh), goat meat (leg, belly), lamb (leg, back, arm), mutton (belly), bovine meat (loin) and 10 different plant based food samples namely; barley, rye, wheat (bread), wheat (durum), oat, rice, dried pea, green lentil, red lentil and chickpea were studied by high performance liquid chromatography using post-column derivatization system. The presence rates of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide were determined in the meat samples as 30% and 70% and as 87% and 13% in the cereal and legume samples, respectively. Nicotinic acid levels were found in low amounts in the meat samples. The amounts of nicotinic acid in the cereal and legume samples were significantly higher than the meat samples. Consequently, the plant based foods such as cereals and legumes, with a ratio of 87% nicotinic acid presence, standout as the best source of nicotinic acid and encouraging regular intake of those cereals and legumes containing rich nicotinic acid would remove nicotinic acid deficiency in human.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.366-369
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• 1991

영양가가 높은 쌀을 생산 보급하여 국민건강증진을 도모코저 국내에서 재배되고 있는 벼 19개 품종을 대상으로 일반도정법으로 10분도로 도정한 후 배아보존율이 높은 오봉벼를 선택하여 외형, 영양가 및 동물 사육효과를 조사 비교하였던 바 오봉벼의 배아보존율은 96.7%였으며, 외형은 전형적인 일본형에 속하였다. 조사 된 모든 영양성분은 낙동벼 보다 오봉벼가 높았으며, 특히 비타민 B$_1$과 Niacin은 낙동벼가 각각 0.14 및 1.9mg%인데 비하여 오봉벼가 0.31 및 3.0mg%로 1.5배정도 높았다. 그리고 쥐 사육효과도 증체율과 사료효과에서 낙동벼는 각각 101 및 l25%이며. 오봉벼는 각각 107 및 172% 로 오봉벼가 낙동벼 보다 높았다. 또한 식미도 색을 제외하고 맛, 냄새 및 끈기는 오봉벼가 낙동벼 보다 높았다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.773-780
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• 2023

This study was conducted to prepare curry potato pancakes (CPP), curry fish balls (CFB) and steamed eggs (SE) using Pacific saury Cololabis saira as senior-friendly seafood and to determine the physical property stages and quality characteristics of the prepared food. Escherichia coli concentrations were undetected in all the products, which is considered an acceptable limit for senior-friendly foods. On applying the physical properties standards according to the Korean Industrial Standard, saury CPP, saury CFB, and saury SE were classified as the 1^st, 2^nd, and the 3^rd stages as senior-friendly seafood, respectively. Regarding the nutritional properties per 100 g of the three types of senior-friendly seafood using saury according to the Korean food code, CPP had three types of nutrients (protein, riboflavin, and niacin), whereas CFB and SE had four (protein, riboflavin, niacin and calcium) and six (protein, vitamin D, vitamin C, riboflavin, niacin, and calcium) types of nutrients, respectively.

• 한국식품영양학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품영양학회 2003년도 하계 학술 심포지엄
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• pp.76-76
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate dietary and other factors affecting bone mineral density (BMD) in Korean premenopausal women. Seventy-eight premenopausal women who visited health promotion center for health examinations volunteered to participate in this study and they were divided into two groups according to the bone status by T-score : normal or osteopenic group and osteoporotic group. The demographic and general characteristics, and dietary intake were surveyed using the questionnaire. BMDs of the lumbar spine and femoral neck of subjects were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum samples were measured for Lipid concentration, and calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase as bone formation indicators. Urine was analysed for creatinine as bone resolution indicators. The results are as follows:The mean BMDs of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were 1.21 0.02g/cm$^2$ and 0.97 0.04g/cm$^2$, respectively and the BMD levels of osteoporotic group were significantly lower than that of normal or osteopenic group (p<0.001, respectively). Height in osteoporotic group was significantly lower than that of normal or osteopenic group (p<0.01), and bodyweight did not show any significant difference but had a lower tendency. Mean daily intake of energy was 1720 52ka1. When nutrient intake was compared with recommended dietary allowances (RDA) of subjects, calcium, Fe, vitamin A and riboflavin intakes showed means lower than RDA. The nutrient intake did not show any significant difference between normal or osteopenic group and osteoporotic group except intakes of protein fat and niacin. Serum and urine levels did not show any significant differences between normal or osteopenic group and osteoporotic group and all were within normal range, however, serum alkaline phosphatase level of osteoporotic group was significantly higher than that of normal or osteopenic group (p<0.001). Height showed positive correlations with lumbar spine bone mineral density (LBMD, r=0.332, p<0.01), no correlation was found with femoral neck bone mineral density (NBMD). Age, age at menarche, bodyweight, body mass index (BMI) and obesity showed no correlation with BMD. The BMD of the lumbar spine was significantly and positively related to the intake of niacin and vitamin C (r=0.236, p<0.05; r=0.274, p<0.05). Serum levels of calcium and phosphorus showed a negative correlation with LBMD (r=-0.698, p=0.0001; r=-0.503, p=0.0001, respectively). The results suggested that the BMDs of the lumbar spine was positively related to the intake of niacin and vitamin C in premenopausal women. Therefore, this study confirmed that one of the most effective way to minimize bone loss would be higher intake of niacin and vitamin C rich foods and habitual physical activity may have a beneficial effect on BMD in premenopausal period.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.450-460
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• 1992

본연구는 사람을 대상으로하여 8주간 종류가 서로 다른 옥수수겨를 식이섬유질의 급원으로 기본식이에 첨가하여 먹였을 때 티아민, 나이아신 및 판로텐산의 체네 이용율을 살펴보고자 실시되었다. 실험식이의 종류의 옥수수겨를 첨가하지 않은 기본식이(Basal diet : B)와 이에 wet-milled fine(WF)/coarse(WC) corn bran이나 dry-milled fine(DF)/coarse(DC) corn bran을 첨가한 식이들로서 무작위법에 의하여 첫 4주간동안 일부의 피실험자는 B, WF, WC 식이를 급여 받았으며, 나머지 피실험자는 B, DF, DC를 급여받았다. 따라서, 각각의 피실험자들은 8주간의 실험기간동안 모든 실험식이를 섭취하였다. 비타민의 이용율을 측정하기 위하여 24시간 뇨를 채집하였으며 이들을 주별로 나누어 이들 비타민의 뇨중함량을 측정하였고 변을 채집, 건조하여 neutral detergent fiber(NDF)량을 측정하였다. 또한 매일 뇨증의 creatinine치를 측정하여 뇨의 완전한 채집을 도모하였으며 불완전한 채집으로 인한 실험오차를 줄여주기 위하여 비타민의 이용을 계산시 각 주별의 평균 creatinine치에 대하여 비타민 이용율을 보정하여 주었다. 실험분석 결과에 따르면 옥수수겨를 첨가한 식이를 먹는 경우 티아민, 나이아신 및 판토텐산의 생체 이용율이 저하되는 것으로 나타났으며 옥수수겨를 wet-milling 방법으로 처리한 식이의 경우 저하의 효과가 더운 현저한 것으로 보여졌다. 또한 옥수수겨의 처리방법을 막론하고 옥수수겨의 입자가 거친것이 비타민 이용율의 저하효과가 더욱 큰것으로 나타났다. 변건량과 변량에 있어서도 이와 유사한 양상을 보였고 특히 fecal trasit time이 wet-milled corn bran 식이군과 입자가 거친 옥수수군에서 빨랐다. 따라서 본 연구는 옥수수겨가 이들 세가지 B 비타민의 이용율을 저하시키는 것이 식이 섬유질의 종류에 따라서 영향을 받을 수 있음을 시사하고 있다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1244-1257
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• 1997

The goals of the School Lunch Program(SLP) are to provide school children with approximately one -third of their daily nutrition requirements at a reasonable price, to foster good food habits, and to contribute to a better understanding of nutrition. In order to provide guidelines and appropriate nutritional information for SLP planning, and to identify inexpensive sources of each nutrient, representative SLP menus were analyzed for nutrient density using the Index of Nutritional Quality(INQ) and for nutrient cost. Recipes and prices of 776 meals were collected from 10 SLP primary schools in Seoul and Kyunggi province in Korea during 1995. From 4829 menu items in 776 meals, the 100 most frequently used menus were selected as representative SLP menus. From these 100 menus, eleven categories of menu were identified according to cooking methods and ingredients. Selected menus were placed into these 11 groups, with 3 to 5 menus in each except the milk group which contained only milk. The mean nutrient content, INQs, and nutrient-cost ratios were calculated for each menu and menu group. Among the 100 representative SLP menus, 'Jiajang-rice' contained the highest energy per serving portion. 'Grilled pollack ' was the highest in protein, 'Seasoned spinach ' in vitamin A, 'Spagehetti' in vitamin B1 , niacin and iron, 'Kongjorim'(hard-boiled bean with sauce) in vitamin B2 , strawberry in vitamin C, and 'fish stew ' and milk in calcium. Among the 11 menu groups, the 'One-dish' group was found to be the highest in energy , protein, vitamin A, B$_1$ and iron. The milk group was a good source of vitamin B$_2$ and calcium . The meat side dish group (panbroiled, fried or steamed )was the most suitable for providing niacin. The fruit group provided the highest level of vitamin c per portion. The nutrient densities(INQs) were found in the soup group (protein), Kimchi group(vitamin A), fruit group(vitamin B$_1$ and C), milk group(vitamin B$_2$ and calcium), stew group(niacin )and vegetable side dish group(energy, protein, vitamin B$_1$ and niacin) , vegetable side dish group(vitamin A), milk group(vitamin B$_2$ and calcium) , fruit and Kimchi groups(vitamin C), and stew group(iron). This information should be useful for school dietitians in planning most nutritious SLP menus with limited budgets. It could also be used for basic guidelines in nutrition education, and for future improvement of the SLP in Korea.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.442-448
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• 2005

생식 제조공정 중 주요공정인 건조방법에서 효율적인 방법을 찾기 위하여 건조방법에 따른 생식 원료 곡류의 이화학적 특성 및 기능성 성분의 변화를 조사하였다. 쌀, 현미, 찹쌀, 보리의 단백질, 지방, 탄수화물, 회분, 식이섬유 등 성분의 함량은 열풍건조(50$\circC$, 55$\circC$, 60$\circC$) 및 동결건조를 통하여서는 거의 변화가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 색도 중의 b값이 열풍건조를 실시한 시료가 동결건조를 실시한 시료에 비하여 높게 나타났다. niacin의 함량은 60$\circC$에서 열풍건조를 실시한 백미, 현미, 찹쌀, 보리가 각각 0.77 mg %, 1.84 mg%, 0.68 mg%, 1.00 mg%로 다른 시험구 보다 낮게 나타났다. 보리 중의 $\beta$-glucan의 함량은 열풍건조 및 동결건조 통하여 거의 변화가 없는 것으로 나타났다. $\beta$-glucan과 같은 기능성 물질을 함유한 보리 등의 생식 원료는 열풍건조방법을 이용하는 것이 경제적일 것으로 생각되며 niacin과 같이 열에 약한 비타민을 많이 함유한 생식 원료는 동결건조 방법을 사용하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 생각된다.