• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.24 no.4 s.36
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• pp.531-548
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• 1991

To assess the adequacy of medical manpower and medical fee for the newborn nursery care, the author visited 20 out of 24 hospitals with the pediatric training program in Youngnam area between July 29 and August 14, 1991. Total number of newborn, both normal and sick, admission and discharge in 1-30 June 1991 was obtained from the logbook of nursery. Head nurse and staff pediatrician of the nursery were interviewed to get the current staffing for the nursery and their subjective opinion on the adequacy of nursery manpower and the difficulties in recruiting manpower. Average medical fee charged for the maternity and normal newborn nursery care was obtained from the division of self-audit of medical insurance claim of each hospital. Average minimum requirement of nursing care time for one normal newborn per day was 179.5 (${\pm}58.6$) minutes; 202.3(${\pm}50.7$) minutes for the university hospitals and 164.2(${\pm}60.5$) minutes for the general hospitals. The ratio of minimum requirement of nursing care time and available nursing time was 1.42 on the average. Taking the additional requirement of nursing care for the sick newborns into consideration, the ratio was 2.06. The numbers of R. N. and A. N. in the nurserys of study hospitals were 31%, and 17%, respectively, of the nursing manpower for the nursery recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. These findings indicate that the nursing manpower in newborn nursery is in severe shortage. Ninety percent of the head nurses and 85% of the staff pediatrician stated that the newborn nursery is short of R.N. and 75% of them said that the nurse's aide is also short. Major reason for not recruiting R.N. was the financial constraint of hospital. For the recruitment of nurse's aide, short supply was the second most important reason next to the financial constraint. However, limit of quarter in T.O. was the mar reason for the national university hospitals. Average total medical fee for the maternity and newborn nursery cares of a normal vaginal delivery who stayed two nights and three days at hospital was 219,430won. Out of the total medical fee, 20,323won(9.3%) was for the newborn nursery care. In case of C-section delivery who stayed six nights and seven days, total medical fee was 732,578won and out of the total fee 76,937won (12.0%) was for the newborn care. Cost for a newborn care per day by cost accounting was 16,141won for the tertiary care hospitals and 14,576won for the all other hopitals. The ratio of cost and the fee schedule of the medical insurance for a newborn care per day was 5.0 for the tertiary care hospitals and 4.9 for the all other hospitals. Considering the current wage level of the medical personnel, capital investment for the hospital facilities and equipments, and the cost for hospital maintenance, it is hard to expect adequate quality care in the newborn nursery under the current medical insurance fee schedule.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.348-356
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to identify correlations between the status of the umbilical cord and neonatal health status. Methods: In total, 172 newborns were enrolled who were admitted to the newborn nursery with a gestational age of 35 weeks or older and a body weight of 2 kg or above. Data were collected on the basic personal information of the newborns, the diameter and soft tissue status of the umbilical cord, and neonatal health status after birth. Analyses were performed using t-test, analysis of variance, χ² test, and Fisher exact test. Results: Umbilical cord diameter exhibited a statistically significant difference by sex (t=2.71, p=.007). A thin umbilical cord diameter was associated with a 1-minute Apgar score less than 8 points (t=2.47, p=.015) and with being transferred to the intensive care unit (t=2.45, p=.015). Poor soft tissue status of the umbilical cord was associated with a 1-minute Apgar score of less than 8 points (χ²=16.68, p<.001) and with oxygen being supplied (χ²=4.81, p=.028). Conclusion: Assessing the umbilical cord diameter and status in newborns is an important tool for evaluating neonatal health status after birth, and this point also underscores the importance of professionals' careful observations in the newborn nursery.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.67-75
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• 1991

This study was conducted to evaluate the difference of staphylococcal colonization between lactating mothers and nursery stares. Samples were obtained from the hands and noses of the newborn(admitted to S Univ. hospital's nursery from 1991. 5. 23 to 6. 8), their mothers and nursery staffs. They were cultured, and then the presence/absence of pathogenic staphylococci in them were analyzed by Fisher exact probability test which led to these conclusion of significance as follows: 1. No differences were detected in pathogenic rate of nasal swab culture between breast~fed newborns and formula-fed ones. 2. Delivery type and hospitalization the ones from the brest-fed newborns show high rate of Sta. aureus coa(+). In case of either C-sec delivery or long (more than 4 days) hospitalization, formula-fed ones in case of NSVD or short (less than 3 days) hospitalization. 3. The ones from breast feeding mothers show higher sta. aureus coa(+) than those from nursery staffs, which was of no significance statistically. Considering nursery staffs only, however, the comparison of those with the data in April indicates that the pathogen rate is higher for hand than nose, and Sta aureus coa(+) for hand is far lower in June than in April, which was statistically significant. These results lead us to infer that newborn infection in hospitalization could be largely reduced by maintaining the ordinary hygienes. Such as the handwashing of mothers as well as nursery staffs (directly involved in newborn care) Thus the pre-enterance hand washing of a mother who visits the nursery only for breast feeding (without any other medical responsibility) should be done, like other medical agents, with $0.05\%$ chlorhexidine antiseptics rather than simple soap cleansing; the one 'that is worth emphasizing thoroughly.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.16 no.5 s.91
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• pp.55-63
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• 1977

For the purpose of finding out a means to the maximum extent the spread of germs in the nursery, the author, working as a nurse in the nursery, conducted this study in which bacteriological investigation was repeatly made for coagulase positive staphyloco

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.428-436
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the effects of newborn care education for fathers on their knowledge and confidence in newborn care at postpartum one month. Methods: A nonequivalent control group pretest posttest design was used. The participants were 53 first-time fathers of newborns, 27 in experimental group, and 26 in control group. They were recruited at the nursery of one municipal hospital in Seoul. For the experimental group, a 50-minute education on newborn care using video, verbal education, demonstration and practice were provided prior to discharge. Fathers' knowledge and confidence in newborn care and their satisfaction with the education program were measured at postpartum one month. Results: The fathers in the experimental group showed significantly higher knowledge (t= -4.51, p<.001), and confidence in newborn care (t= -2.29, p=.026) compared to the control group at postpartum one month. Fathers in the experimental group had a satisfaction score of $27.37{\pm}2.73$ immediately after the education, and $25.30{\pm}3.40$ at postpartum one month. Conclusion: Results indicate that newborn care education for first-time fathers is an effective method in enhancing the level of knowledge and confidence in newborn care. It can be used in the nursery department before discharge as a useful nursing intervention.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2021

Purpose: While clinical practice is crucial for nursing students to acquire the skills needed to provide professional, high-quality nursing care, further studies on improving undergraduate nursing programs are needed to provide a supportive clinical learning environment for student nurses. This study aimed to understand nursing students' clinical experiences in newborn nurseries and neonatal intensive care units and to provide basic data for the establishment of strategies to promote effective clinical education. Methods: Interviews were held with 15 nursing students at J University who had clinical practice experience in the newborn nursery and neonatal intensive care unit. The collected data were analyzed using the phenomenological analysis method developed by Colaizzi (1978). Results: The nursing students' experiences were grouped into four categories: "expectations for and anxiety about clinical practice", "acquisition of a wide range of knowledge regarding neonatal nursing", "challenges faced in clinical practice", and "experiencing interpersonal changes". Conclusion: The current neonatal practice nursing education system provides students with positive learning experiences. However, the lack of practice opportunities, insufficient instruction, and the theory-practice gap were identified as major issues hindering students' learning needs. These study results are expected to provide basic data for curriculum development to improve undergraduate nursing education.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.12
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• pp.1315-1319
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• 2008

Purpose : We aimed to examine the effect of rooming-in care on newborn infants emotional stability by comparing them with those cared for in a nursery. Methods : Forty-eight full-term newborn infants born at Cheil General Hospital between July 1 and October 31, 2007, were enrolled. Twenty-four newborn infants were roomed-in in their mothers rooms (rooming-in group), and 24 newborns were cared for in the hospital nursery (the nursery group) for the first 3 days of their lives. Those with perinatal problems that required medical treatment were excluded. By using Brazeltons neonatal behavior assessment scale, we measured irritability and self-quieting as well as the duration of crying after heel-stick puncture for the newborn metabolic screening test. Results : The rooming-in group had a higher irritability score than the nursery group ($6.8{\pm}1.7$ vs. $4.2{\pm}2.1$, P<0.001), thereby suggesting stable behavior against external irritation; the former also had a higher self-quieting activity score ($5.9{\pm}0.3$ vs. $4.5{\pm}1.8$, P=0.001), thereby suggesting that stability was reached quickly from the irritated state. Time taken to stop crying after the heel-stick puncture was significantly shorter in the rooming-in group than in the nursery group ($17{\pm}15.1$ seconds vs. $115.3{\pm}98.5$ seconds, P<0.001). Conclusion : These results show that newborn infants in the rooming-in group exhibit more stable behavior against external irritation and can be stabilized from an irritated state more quickly than infants cared for in the nursery, even after a few days of rooming-in care.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.86-96
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• 1998

Newborn period is a transitional stage for independent adaptation from intrauterine to extrauterine life by maintaining respiration, temperature and nutrition. In general, the adaptability of the newborn is proportional to the gestational age(GA), so knowing the accurate GA is critical to develop nursing process in the newborn nursery. A newborn ma turity rating, a Ballard examination, has been used to measure GA by assessing the maturity of new-born. It consists a total of 12 items, which is the 6 items for the neuromuscular maturity and the 6 items for the physical maturity A total of 75 new-born were assessed for the maturity and GA using the Ballard examination. The results are follows : 1) The score of each item of Ballard examination is propotional to GA using the Ballard examination as well as LMP. 2) There was a greater positive relationship between neuromuscular, physical and total maturity, and the GA measured by Ballard examination, than the GA measured by LMP. 3) Any stressful environment to the newborn could influence to the maturity of newborn. In summary, the study showed the Ballard examination Is more reliable and clincially feasible method to measure the accurate G4 compared to the GA by LMP. Therefore, it suggests the application of Ballard examination to measure the new born maturity and GA is beneficial in developing nursing process. The expansion of the study with the variety of the subject characteristics nil on hance the clinical applicability of the examination.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.116-127
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• 2006

Purpose: Assessment of mothers' neonatal perception is important in understanding early mothering experiences and in planning future care. The purpose of this study was to identify the differences of mothers' perception and caring-confidence between normal and high-risk newborn during the early postpartum period. The ultimate goal was to contribute to healthy mother-infant relationship and development of infants. Method: The data was collected for this study at one university hospital in Daejeon from May 13, 2005 to December 20, 2005. The subjects were 53 of mothers who had normal newborn and 46 of mothers who had high-risk newborn. The instrument was the 'Neonatal Perception Inventory' by revised Ja-Hyung, Lee (1986), and the 'Caring-Confidence Scale' by revised Hyun-Joo, Oh(2000). The data were statistically analyzed by using an SPSS program and include percentage, mean, SD, t-test. Result: There were significant differences in the perception of the newborn between the mothers of normal newborn and the mothers of high-risk newborn (p<.05). There were no significant differences in the perception pattern of the newborn between the mothers of normal newborn and the mothers of high-risk newborn. There were no significant differences in the caring-confidence between the mothers of normal newborn and the mothers of high-risk newborn. Conclusion: The nursing care in the nursery have needed to various interventions for normal and high-risk newborn mothers in order to improve the interaction and caring-confidence between mother and newborn.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.10
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• pp.1056-1060
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• 2006

Purpose : As hearing ability affects language and cognitive development, early detection and intervention of congenital hearing defects is very important. We analyzed the result of newborn hearing screening using automated auditory brainstem response and estimated the incidence of congenital hearing defects in newborn infants in Korea. Methods : Hearing screening tests were done on 7,218 newborn infants who were delivered at Cheil General Hospital from July 1, 2004 to June 30, 2005. The first screening test was done on the second day of life with automated auditory brainstem response(AABR) using $ALGO{\bigcirc}^{(3)}$ Newborn hearing screener($Natus^{(R)}$ Medical Incorporated, San Carlos, USA) with 35 dB sound level. The newborn infants who did not pass the initial screening test took the second screening AABR test before discharge from the nursery. Infants who did not pass these screenings at the nursery were followed up at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Samsung Seoul Hospital. Results : Total 7,218 infants(83.3 percent of total 8,664 live births of the Cheil General Hospital) were screened in the nursery, and 55 of them failed to pass the newborn screening. Among 55 infants who were referred, six were lost during follow-up, and 14 were confirmed as hearing impaired. Six of them(42.8 percent) do not have any risk factors for hearing impairment. We can estimate that the incidence of hearing defects is about 1.9-2.8 per 1,000 live births. Conclusion : Automated auditory brainstem response is an effective tool to screen the hearing of newborn infants. Congenital hearing loss is more frequent than metabolic diseases on which screening tests are available in the newborn period. About 40 percent of infants who have hearing defects do not have any risk factors for hearing impairment. Therefore, universal newborn hearing screening must be recommended to all neonates.