• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.125-134
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• 2007

Purpose: The study aimed to identify the effects of a newborn care education program on newborn care confidence and behavioral accuracy of primiparas in a postpartum care center. Method: This was a quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design. Subjects were 29 primiparas selected from a postpartum care center in D and P hospitals in Ulsan. The intervention was a newborn care education program which was composed of education with a booklet, demonstration, watching a video, and verbal encouragement. The outcome variables were newborn care confidence and behavioral accuracy. Data was collected from Feb. 1 to Mar 22 in 2005 with self-administered questionnaires and observation by researchers. Data was analyzed using the $X^2-test$, Fisher's exact test, t-test and ANCOVA. Result: The experimental group showed significantly higher score changes between the pre-test and post-test in confidence and behavioral accuracy than the control group. Conclusion: The newborn care education program showed positive effects on newborn care confidence and behavioral accuracy of primiparas in a postpartum care center. Therefore, we recommend that this program should be applied in postpartum care centers.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was to compare the knowledge and confidence of newborn care between mother and father. In furthermore, to develop a nursing intervention based on the data. Methods: A descriptive design was used, the participants of this study were 85 couples of mother and father of newborn, hospitalized in postpartum care center. Knowledge and confidence of newborn care was measured from the two postpartum care center located in G province. Descriptive statistics, paired t-test, t-test and ANOVA were used to analyze the data using SPSS. Results: Comparing to the mothers', the scores for fathers' knowledge and confidence of newborn care were lower. Particularly, fathers of first-born showed lower score of knowledge and confidence of newborn care. Also, fathers were lacking of knowledge and confidence related to health problem management. Conclusion: The results showed that nursing intervention which encourage fathers to raise the confidence in involvement of newborn care is needed to be developed. Also evaluation of the effect of newborn care education for parents, and longitudinal study of effect on infant and child development is suggested.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.301-313
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to develop the frame for standardized manual for Sanhujoriwon by finding out the status of the management of women & newborn in Sanhujoriwon, like postpartum care center. The subjects were 95 staffs of 22 Sanhujoriwon agreed on oral consent, in Seoul and Bundang, Korea. Data were collected from Sep. 15 to Oct. 24, 2001. The instrument used for this study was a structured questionnaire consisted of 16 items of general characteristics & educational characteristics about postpartum care, 31 items of degree of management of women's postpartum care (Cronbach's $\alpha$.93 ), 24 items of degree of management of newborn's care(Cronbach's $\alpha$.94 ), 10 items of methods of management of women's postpartum care, 8 items of methods management of newborn's care. The data were analyzed by the SPSS/PC+ program using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results of the study were as follows ; 1. The mean of the degree of management for postpartum women was 4.1. The mean score for the degree of management of general postpartum care for women was 4.00 & traditional postpartum care(Sanhujori) was 4.20. The degree of management of traditional postpartum care was higher than general postpartum care for women. 2. The degree of management for newborn : The mean score for the degree of management of newborn was 4.37. 3.There was a strong positive correlation between general postpartum care and traditional postpartum care($r=.744^{**}$), and postpartum mother care and newborn care($r=.798^{**}$). 4.The basic frame for the management of the women and newborn in Sanhujoriwon. 1) For women: Integrated postpartal care Physical management : Vital sign & BP check, contraction of uterus, form and amount of lochia, management of personal hygiene, management of breast & breast-feeding, management of postpartum exercise, prevention of infection, symptom & sign of high risk and prevention & management of high risk condition; Emotional-psychological management: assessment and management of mother-baby attachment, emotional state; Educational management : education of vaccination schedule, urinary incontinence, rearing infant, breast-feeding ; and Environmental management : temperature, humidity, disinfection, cleaning, light, infection control integrated with 6 principles of Sanhujori. 2) For newborn Physical management : check of vital sign, management of umbilical cord, jaundice, prevention of infection, management of diaper rash; Emotional-psychological management : assessment of sleep, crying, activity, response of mother-baby attachment; and Environmental management : temperature, humidity, disinfection, cleaning, light, infection control integrated with 6 principles of Sanhujori. In conclusion Sanhujoriwon must be health care center for the postpartum women and newborn. Therefore, the establishment of various laws and regulations in such a way to meet the realistic needs of Sanhujoriwon as a health care center for women and infants future health should be done. The standardized management manual based on the results is absolutely required above all.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.428-436
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the effects of newborn care education for fathers on their knowledge and confidence in newborn care at postpartum one month. Methods: A nonequivalent control group pretest posttest design was used. The participants were 53 first-time fathers of newborns, 27 in experimental group, and 26 in control group. They were recruited at the nursery of one municipal hospital in Seoul. For the experimental group, a 50-minute education on newborn care using video, verbal education, demonstration and practice were provided prior to discharge. Fathers' knowledge and confidence in newborn care and their satisfaction with the education program were measured at postpartum one month. Results: The fathers in the experimental group showed significantly higher knowledge (t= -4.51, p<.001), and confidence in newborn care (t= -2.29, p=.026) compared to the control group at postpartum one month. Fathers in the experimental group had a satisfaction score of $27.37{\pm}2.73$ immediately after the education, and $25.30{\pm}3.40$ at postpartum one month. Conclusion: Results indicate that newborn care education for first-time fathers is an effective method in enhancing the level of knowledge and confidence in newborn care. It can be used in the nursery department before discharge as a useful nursing intervention.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.262-271
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• 2004

Purpose: To explore the level of and relationship between parental knowledge and confidence in newborn care. Method: The sample of this study was consisted of 113 newborn's parents. Data was collected by researcher from Oct. 28th to Dec. 18th, 2002. Data were analyzed SPSS WIN(10.0) Program. Result: Total score of parents knowledge: Father's mean was 13.59(SD=5.32) and Mother's mean was 17.55(SD=3.72). There was meaningful difference in knowledge about newborn care between father and mother. The mother's knowledge was significant higher than the father's(t=6.45, p=.000). Total score of parents of newborn confidence: Father's mean was 40.66(SD=7.34) and Mother's mean was 41.88(SD=7.23). There was no difference in confidence in newborn care between father and mother(t=1.26, p=.209). There was significant correlation between knowledge and confidence about newborn care of fathers(r=.331, p<.001) and mothers(r=.317, p<.01). Conclusion: There is a need to educate fathers to enhance their knowledge about newborn care. More research is needed to study the relationship between parental knowledge and accuracy of behavior regarding newborn care.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.133-143
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare mother's caring-confidence, between primipara perception of the newborn, and child-rearing attitude and multipara. Method: The data was collected from 159 married mothers of newborns in the post-partum care center using self-rating questionnaires from November, 2003 to March, 2004. Data was analyzed using SPSS/Win program by t-test and Pearson Correlation coefficient. Result: 1) The mean score of mother's perception of the newborn, the newborn caring-confidence, and child-rearing attitude were .26, 3.13, and 3.43. 2) The score of the newborn caring-confidence of multipara was greater significantly than the one of primapara. 3) The score of mother's perception of tile newborn and child-rearing attitude of primapara were greater than the one of multipara but there were no significant differences. 4) There was a positive correlation between mother's perception of the newborn and child-rearing attitude and significant correlation between caring-confidence and child-rearing attitude. 5) The score of mother's perception of the newborn was significantly different according to the level of education type of family and delivery planned. 6) The score of caring-confidence was significantly different according to the helper, the history of delivery. 7) The score of child-rearing attitude was significantly difference according to the level of education and the birth weight of newborn. Conclusion: When the newborn care giver in the postpartum care setting is teaching the method of infant care to mother, there should be in consideration of the rearing experience of mothers. Mother's perception of the newborn, caring-confidence, and child-rearing attitude should be considered to develop the effective education program for mothers who have newborn. And its educational contents must be focused on the promotion of trust between infant and mother.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2007

In the United States, The concept of designation for hospital facilities that care for newborn infants according to the level of complexity of care provided was first proposed in 1976. The extent of perinatal health care regionalization varies widely from one area to the other. facilities that provide hospital care for newborn are classified into three categories on the basis of functional capabilities; level I-primary or basic care, level II-secondary or specialty care, level III-tertially or subspecialty care. These facilities should be organized within a regionalized system of perinatal care. The transport system of newborn infants should be organized for referral of high risk newborn to centers with the personnel and resources needed for their degree of risk and severity of illness. In Korea, The korean society of neonatology was established and articulated in the 1994. During the past decade, the number of neonatologist has increased and neonatal intensive care units have proliferated in Korea. However, no standard definitions exist for the graded levels of complexity of care that neonatal intensive care units provide and no uniform guideline or recommendation for regionalization and referral system of high risk neonate have been established. With the rapid changing neonatal care system in Korea, the optimal neonatal care demands regionalization of care in utilization of manpower resources and in efficient use of advanced technology and facility.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.1060-1074
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• 1998

This study was to find whether the educational program contributed to the increase of knowledge, confidence, and accuracy of behavior in newborn care of the primiparas. The educational program consistes of individual lectures, demostrations, discussion, and practice of newborn care. Also two telephone counseling with the subjects after they are discharged from hospital. This study is a quasi-experimental design using non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Data collection was done from July 21 to Oct 4 in 1997. The subjects were selected from 2 general hospitals and 1 university hosipital in C city, Subjects were 44 primiparas(control group 22, experimental group 22). they were tested on knowledge, confidence, and accuracy of behavior in newborn care. A pretest was done 2-3 days after vaginal delivary(5-6 days after c-sec delivary). A posttest was done 21-28 day(vaginal delivary, c-sec delivary) after delivary. The instruments used for this study were knowledge scale about newbon care developed by the reserarcher, Pharis' confidence scale modified by the researcher and accuracy of behavior scale developed by the reserarcher. Primiparas' knowledge and confidence was tested by questionnaire and Primiparas' accuracy of behavior was tested by structured observational method. Analysis of data was done by using of χ²- test, t -test, paired t -test. The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1) Knowledge of the experimental group was significant higher than the control group(t=-4.94, P=.000). 2) Confidence of the experimental group was significant higher than the control group(t=-.262, P=.012). 3) Accuracy of behavior of the experimental group was significant higher than the control group (t=-.969, P=.000). In conclusion, the newborn care education along with intensive telephon counseling shows a significant promotion of newbon care in primiparas. Thus this program can be recommended as an intervention model for the newborn and primiparas.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.284-297
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• 1996

A maternity ward in a hospital in Seoul has an educational program for postpartal mothers since its opening, but evaluation on the program has not been done. This study was to find whether the educational program contributed to increase of knowledge and confidence of the post-partal mothers in the area of postpartal self-care and the newborn baby care or not. This study aimed at improvement of the educational program for posrpartal mothers and the newborn babies. Subjects were 40 primiparae who were admitted to the obstetric ward in a general hospitals in Seoul from August 20th to September 10th, 1995. Subjects were those who had no labor pain at the admission time, had no complications during labor and delivery, gave a birth to a healthy baby, and agreed to participate in this study. All subjects were well educated and were in well-to-do group. Most of them received antenatal care adequately. They were tested on knowledge and self-confidence in the area of postpartal self-care and infant care two times, one at the admission time and the other prior to discharge. After the first test, nurses in a maternity ward and nursery taught them on postpartal self-care and infant care. Education consisted of a 1 hour planned program and incident teachings done at bed side. Four tools were developed by authors based literature review. The test tool for knowledge of postpartal self-care consisted of 15 items which included the definition of postpartum, dangerous symptoms in postpartum, lochia, time to begin coitus, postpartum exercise, sitz-bath, and perineal care. The test tool for self-confidence in postpartal self-care included such items as emergency care on dangerous symptoms in postpartum, sexual life and contraception after postpartum, self-confidence in postpartum exercise and perineal care. The test tool for knowledge of newborn baby care consisted of 18 items which included bathing, umbilical cord care, vaccination, breast feeding, abnormal symptoms of neonate. The test tool for self confidence in the newborn baby care included umbilical cord care, vaccination, breast feeding, emergency care for baby. Analysis of demographic data were analyzed with calculation of percentage. Score differences between the first test and the second test were analyzed with paired t-test. SAS / PC (Release 6.04 for DOS) program are as follows. 1. Mothers' knowledge of postpartal self-care increased significantly after education (t=10.04, df=38, p=0.0001). 2. Mothers' self-confidence in postpartal self-care increased significantly after education (t=6.53, df=38, p=0.0001). 3. Mother's knowledge of the newborn abay care increased significantly after education (t=9.74, df=38, p=0.0001). 4. Mothers' self-confidence in the newborn baby care increased significantly after education(t=8.22, df=38, p=0.0001) Suggestions for further studies and nursing practice were as follows. 1. We suggest studies by randomized control-group pretest-posttest design or nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design will be done. 2. We suggest follow-up studies to find if mothers's confidence will last or not after discharge. 3. We suggest general hospitals to establish a phone-counseling system.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.72-83
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• 2023

Purpose: North Korean refugee women struggle with the double burden of adaptation and parenting as mothers in a new environment. This study aimed to identify the knowledge, confidence, and educational needs regarding newborn care among North Korean refugees, and to determine differences between these variables according to participants' characteristics. Methods: Data were collected from September to October 2022, and 150 North Korean refugee women recruited using convenience sampling participated in the study. Descriptive statistics, the t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation analysis were used for data analysis. Results: The mean scores were as follows: parenting knowledge, 14.97 out of 25; infection prevention knowledge and confidence, 20.09 out of 33 and 51.37 out of 80, respectively; and educational needs, 245.86 out of 310. Significant differences were observed in newborn care, knowledge, and confidence according to maternal age, educational level, family structure, and pregnancy history. Significant positive correlations were observed between the participants' newborn care knowledge, confidence, and educational needs. Conclusion: Personalized educational programs should be implemented to enhance North Korean refugee women's confidence in newborn care, focusing on areas with low knowledge levels and high educational needs and enabling women to achieve healthy pregnancy and childbirth, and to parent well.