• 수면정신생리
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.15-24
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• 1996

REM 수면이 학습 및 기억 과정에 관련이 있다는 증거는 많으나 아직도 향후 밝혀져야 할 부분이 많다. 학습후에는 REM 수면이 유의하게 증가한다는 주장과 증가하지 않는다는 연구결과가 있어 의견의 일치를 보이지 않고 있다. 그러나 연구 결과들을 종합하면 내용이 쉽고 단순한 학습후에는 REM 수면의 증가가 없으나 내용이 복잡하고 생소하며 정서적으로 중요한 학습후에는 유의한 REM 수면의 증가를 보인다는 점에서는 일치하고 있다. 이 결과는 Rotenberg(6)의 학습에 대한 두가지의 서로 상반된 행동양식, 즉 탐색활동과 탐색의 포기라는 관점에서의 해석과 일치한다. 아무튼 REM 수면은 장기 기억의 고정과 유지에 중요하며, 불완전한 학습은 REM 수면의 증가를 자극하는 일련의 사건들은 가동시키고 이는 학습을 완성하는데 기여하는 것으로 보인다. 학습전, 후의 REM 수면의 박탈에 대한 연구도 REM 수면이 학습/기억 과정과 밀접히 관련됨을 시사한다. 학습전 REM 수면의 박탈에 대한 연구는 REM 수면이 장기기억에서 저장의 고정과정에 적극적으로 관여됨을 시사한다. 학습후 REM 수면의 박탈에 대한 연구는 REM 수면 "window"라는 개념을 이끌어 냈고 "window"에 해당하는 시간에 REM 수면을 박탈하면 학습장애를 초래하는데, 특히 학습 후 첫번째 나타나는 REM 수면 "window"가 학습과정에서 가장 중요함을 시사한다. REM 수면의 발생과 관련된 뇌의 전기신경생화학적인 일련의 사건들이 기억과 관련된다는 증거들이 많다. REM 수면중 발생하는 해마의 리듬과 기억의 신경생물 학적 기전에 관한 모델중 대표적인 모델인 장기증폭(long-term potentiation)의 관련성이 제안되고 있으며 REM 수면의 박탈은 중추신경계에서 단백질 합성의 장애 및 acetylcholine과 catecholamine 등의 신경 전달물질의 활성에 장애를 주고 이는 기억장애의 결과로 나타난다는 연구들이 있다. 아직도 REM 수면의 기억관련 기능은 의문점이 많다. 향후 분자생물학의 응용 및 뇌의 대사활동이 수면주기에 따라 아주 다름을 보여주는 brain metabolic mapping technique의 이용은 단백질의 합성의 수준에서 REM 수면과 기억/학습과정의 관련성에 대한 이해를 높여줄 것이다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.117-129
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• 2001

Objective : Hyperlipidemia and hypertension are well recognized risk factors of cerebrovascular disease. So it's very important to evaluate blood pressure and s-cholesterol in adolescence. Material and Methods : April 1999, we were requested health examinaion for high school students of a boys high school and a girls high school in Jeonbuk, Korea. The subjects were 360 students, boys were 317 and girls were 343. They were checked their height, body weight, blood pressure, and s-cholesterol. Results and Conclusion : The mean of systolic blood pressure of study subjects was $111.89{\pm}12.43mmHg$. In boys, it was $116.25{\pm}11.78mmHg$, and in girls, it was $107.87{\pm}11.64mmHg$. The mean of diastolic blood pressure of study subjects was $68.45{\pm}9.40mmHg$. In boys, it was $66.92{\pm}10.00mmHg$, and in girls it was $69.85{\pm}9.40mmHg$. Hypertensives were 18(5.68%) in boys, 10(2.92%) in girls. The mean of s-cholesterol of study subjects was $174.95{\pm}32.28mg/dL$. In boys, it was $178.91{\pm}34.51mg/dL$, and in girls, it was $171.29{\pm}29.66mg/dL$. Hypercholesterolemias were 91(28.71%) in boys, 39(11.37%) in girls. The mean of BMI of study subjects was $21.12{\pm}3.27kg/m2$. In boys, it was $21.05{\pm}3.26kg/m2$, and in girls, it was $21.18{\pm}3.29kg/m2$. Obese boys were 18(5.68%), obese girls were 13(3.79%). The mean of diastolic blood pressure in obese boys was significantly higher than that of normal boys(p=0.001, Mann-Whitney test). The mean of s-cholesterol in obese boys($BMI{\ge}274$) was significantly higher than that of normal boys.(P=0.26, Mann-Whitney test).

• 정신신체의학
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.122-140
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• 2000

신체화 장애란 명백한 기질적 병리가 없이 다양한 신체 증상을 호소하는 만성 장애를 말한다. 그런데 신체화 장애는 역사적으로 기질적인 이상이 없이 신체적인 증상이 나타나는 히스테리와 연관이 있다고 알려져 왔다. 따라서 신체화와 관련된 대부분의 이론들은 주로 정신역동이나 사회적인 관점에 초점이 맞추어져 왔다. 그러나 감정적인 문제나 정신질환이 신체화로 나타나는 기전에서 신경생물학적인 관점에 대한 관심 또한 적지 않았었다. 이런 신경생물학적인 관점에서 히스테리아의 원형으로 알려져 있는 Anna O 증례조차도 신경심리학적인 관점에서 재조명되기도 하였다. 몇몇 신경생리학적 및 신경심리학적 연구결과들, 히스테리 환자에서 신체화증상 표현의 좌우 반구차이에 대한 연구결과들이 신체화의 생물학적 근거를 뒷받침해 주고 있다. 최근 들어 신체화 장애의 신경영상검사는 신체화 장애에서 뇌의 기능 이상이 존재함을 보여 주고 있다. 이에 저자는 생물학적 관점에서 신체화의 과정을 설명해 줄 수 있는 몇몇 가설들을 고찰하고 이를 바탕으로 신체화에 대한 새로운 신경심리학적 가설을 제시하고자 한다. 이와 함께 이 가설을 신체화 장애의 치료에 어떻게 적용시킬 수 있을까도 논의하고 이 가설의 제한정과 이 영역에 있어 앞으로의 발전 방향에 대해서도 논의하려고 한다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.56-66
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• 2008

1. Objectives and Methods This study was performed to investigate the relationship between Sasang constitution and decision making style. Subjects were 69 men and 45 women. Decision making style score, physical measurements and results were measured and analyzed according to Sasang constitution. 2. Results Soeumin group had significantly high score in rational score compared with those of Soyangin. Soyangin group had significantly high score in intuitive score compared with those of Soeumin. Soeumin group had significantly high score in dependent score compared with those of Taeeumin. According to binary logistic regression analysis for decision making style score, Sasang constitution were significant risk factors and ORs of Taeeumin were significantly higer than those of Soyangin in rational score, ORs of Soyangin were significantly higer than those of Soeumin in intuitive score, and ORs of Soeumin were significantly higer than those of Taeeumin in dependent Score. 3. Conclusions Soyangin had significantly high score in intuitive score. Soeumin had significantly high score in dependent score. We found many evidences that Soyangin is intuitive style and Soeumin dependent style in the text of ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Suse Bowon${\lrcorner}$ and other research. But as far as Taeeumin was concerned, the result of Taeeurnin’s was not coincident with other research. More cases and research were needed to confirm the personality and phychological type of Taeeumin. This study result will be an important method that classify Sasang Costitution and consultation of student career decision making and studying attitude.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.130-138
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 열수 팥 추출물이 hydroxyl 라디칼에 의해 유도되는 산화적 스트레스에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 항산화활성과 DNA 및 세포의 산화적 손상 억제 효과를 조사하였다. 팥 열수 추출물의 DPPH 라디칼과 hydroxyl 라디칼의 제거능은 다소 낮았으나, $Fe^{2+}$-chelating과 과산화수소 제거효과는 높게 나타나 활성산소의 생성을 억제하는 데 효과적인 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 팥 열수 추출물의 in vitro DNA cleavage, DNA migration 및 H2AX의 인산화비 억제활성은 높은 활성을 보여주고 있어 라디칼에 의한 DNA 손상 억제에 효과적으로 작용하였다. 또한 지질과산화와 p21의 발현율을 통해 세포의 산화적 손상에 미치는 영향을 살펴보면 지질과산화 억제능과 p21의 발현율에 매우 효과적으로 작용하고 있어 라디칼에 의한 산화적 스트레스로부터 세포를 보호할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제28권1호통권69호
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• pp.105-116
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• 2007

Objectives : Mahuang (Ephedra sinica), well known as an herbal medicine in the East and West, contains a relatively high percentage of ephedrine known as sympathomimetic alkaloid. We investigated the effects of Mahuang on sympathetic nervous system with heart rate variety (HRV). Time and frequency domain analysis of HRV is a noninvasive technique capable of providing information on autonomic modulation of the sinus node. Methods : We investigated 57 healthy volunteers consisting of 37 subjects in the Mahuang group and 20 subjects in the placebo group. Study form was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. The 37 subjects in the Mahuang group took 3 Mahuang capsules (1 capsule equivalent to 2g herb Mahuang) twice a day at 10 a.m. and 2 p.,., while the 20 subjects in the placebo group took 3 placebo-capsules filled with glutinous rice powder at the same times. Mahuang medicine and placebo medicine were made into opaque capsules. We measured HRV at 3 p.m. 1 or 2 days before medication and at 3 p.m. after medication. Results : Mean-RR and SDNN of the Mahuang group significantly decreased compared with that of the placebo group, but the heart rate of the Mahuang group significantly increased compared with the placebo. HRV-Index, RMSSD and SDSD of the Mahuang group significantly decreased compared with that of the placebo group, but PNN50 of the Mahuang group significantly increased compared with placebo. Ln(TP), Ln(VLF), Ln(LF) and Ln(HF) of the Mahuang group significantly decreased compared with those of the placebo group. There were no significant differences in normalized LF, normalized HF and LF/HF ratio between the Mahuang and placebo groups. Conclusion : The results suggest that Mahuang in healthy adults tends to reduce the autonomic nervous system within the normal range.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between cross-sectional areas of the paraspinal and psoas muscles with low back pain. Methods : We assessed the cross-sectional area of the psoas and paraspinal muscles at the superior part of L4 level and vertebral body of L4 of 132 patients who were hospitalized with a chief complaint of low back pain at Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine from January 2013 to April 2013. After calculating the mean psoas area, we divided the patients into 2 groups by whether the psoas cross section was larger or smaller than the mean, and compared the admission period, verbal numeric rating scale(NRS) of low back pain(LBP), and improvement of verbal NRS of LBP. We also subcategorized the patients into acute and chronic groups according to the duration period, and compared the cross-sectional area of the psoas and paraspinal muscles. Results : Although analyses of the verbal NRS of LBP, and improvement of verbal NRS of LBP between groups with larger and smaller psoas cross section areas showed no significant difference, the admission period was significantly shorter in the group with larger psoas cross section areas. There was no significant difference in analyses of cross section areas in the acute and chronic groups. Of the possible prognostic variables, improvement of verbal NRS of LBP showed no correlation, while the admission period displayed a significant correlation. The cross-sectional area of the psoas and paraspinal muscles divided by the area of the vertebral body of L4 had a significant negative correlation with age. Conclusions : The cross-sectional area of the psoas and paraspinal muscles were correlated with the admission period in LBP patients, and the cross-sectional area of the surrounding muscles divided by the area of the L4 vertebral body was negatively correlated with age.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2020

Background: This study aimed to investigate the clinical effectiveness of treatment of Korean medicine on superior labrum anterior to posterior (SLAP) lesions. Methods: A total of 55 inpatients diagnosed with SLAP lesions by magnetic resonance imaging, were investigated from May 1^st, 2014 to May 31^st, 2019 at Haeundae Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine. The patients were sorted by gender, age, causing factor, illness duration, period of hospitalization, SLAP lesion type, complications, and treatments. Treatments included acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, Chuna therapy, herbal treatment, and physiotherapy. After treatment, the Numeric Rating Scale, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, and European Quality of Life 5-Dimension questionnaire were used to evaluate treatment effect. Results: There were more males than females in this study (1:0.83). Patients were more likely to be in their 50s (38.18%), have an unknown etiology (70.91%), and be in the subacute disease stage (41.82%). According to the SLAP lesion type, most of the inpatients had Type 2 lesions (69.09%). For inpatients diagnosed with SLAP lesions, the mean shoulder numeric rating scale score decreased from 5.55 ± 0.90, to 4.07 ± 1.18 (p < 0.001), the mean Shoulder Pain and Disability Index score decreased from 50.35 ± 18.36, to 39.90 ± 19.34 (p < 0.001), and the mean European quality of life 5-dimension index increased from 0.70 ± 0.16, to 0.75 ± 0.13 (p < 0.01) after treatment. Conclusion: Treatment of Korean medicine effectively decreased pain and increased the quality of life of the patients with SLAP lesions in this study.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.201-212
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• 1997

Objectives: We attempted to study sleep habits and insomnia-associated factors in Korean rural adult population. Methods : In 1,441 adult subjects of three rural communities selected by cluster sampling, we administered an epidemiologic survey using questionnaire methods from July 14, 1996 to July 28, 1996. Results : 1) Mean sleep latency and mean time to sleep again after awakening during nocturnal sleep were longer in females than in males. Females suffered more frequently from insomnia symptom, awakening during nocturnal sleep. morning headache, dysphoric mood in the morning, and the feeling of 'not refreshed' on waking-up than males. 2) The older age group (defined as those older than 65 years) was found to have earlier bed-time, longer sleep latency, more frequent nocturia, longer time to sleep again after awakening during nocturnal sleep, and more frequent insomnia symptom. 3) The presence of insomnia symptom more than once a week was significantly associated with suffering from physical illness, being divorced-separated-widowed, frequently feeling depressed, nocturia, or low education level. 4) In multiple logistic regression analysis, old age, being female, low education level, frequently feeling depressed, and nocturia were independently associated with the presence of insomnia symptom more than once a week. Conclusion : We conclude that, in a Korean rural adult population, insomnia symptom increases with age and females usually suffer more from insomnia symptom than males. In addition, low education level, feeling depressed mood frequently, and nocturia are found to be significantly associated independently with the presence of insomnia symptom more than once a week.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.260-266
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• 2006

Objectives : Synapsin III near VCFS region on chromosome 22q affects. It could be an interesting candidate gene for schizophrenia. D22S280 is a highly polymorphic genetic marker residing in synapsin III. We examined association of D22S280 marker on synapsin III with Korean patients with schizophrenia. Methods : The subjects were 46 male Korean patients with schizophrenia and 60 male normal controls. Using polymerase chain reaction, gel electrophoresis, ABI 310 genetic analyzer, and GeneScan Collection 3.1 software, we confirmed genotypes of D22S280 marker. We examined Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and case-control association using SAS/Genetic 9.1.3. Results : Genotypes of both schizophrenia and control groups were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. We could not find any significant statistical differences in allele-wise(${\chi}^2$=10.4, df=6, p=0.098) and genotype-wise (${\chi}^2$=22.1 df=19, p=0.258) analyses of D22S280 marker between schizophrenia and normal controls. Individual allele analyses with df=1 showed significant differences in A1(p=0.025) and A7(p=0.034) allele, which were not significant following Bonferroni corrections(A1:p=0.177, A7:p=0.235). Conclusion : We couldn't find any association between schizophrenia and the synapsin III gene. Given the small number of subjects studied, further investigations are needed.