• 대한본초학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2024

Objectives : Achyranthes japonica Nakai (AJ) and Achyranthes bidentata Blume (AB) have been used without distinguishment. Moreover, comparative studies of AJ and AB on physiological activity in the organism levels remain fully understood. In this study, we aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of AJ and AB on anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Methods : AJ and AB were extracted with distilled water (DW) and 70% ethanol (EtOH) extract. For the evaluation of anti-neuroinflammatory effects, we measured the production of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated BV2 microglial cells. To evaluate the neuroprotective effects, we assessed cell viability against toxicity, including hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), and amyloid-beta (A𝛽), respectively, in PC12 or HT22 cells. Results : DW and 70% EtOH extracts of AJ and AB inhibited LPS-induced NO production in BV2 cells, with no significant differences between the origins and extraction solvents. Additionally, AJ and AB had no cytotoxicity, and exhibited the similar neuroprotective effects against H₂O₂ and 6-OHDA toxicities in PC12 cells, showing stronger activity in 70% EtOH extract compared to the DW extract. Furthermore, 70% EtOH extracts of AJ and AB protected neuronal cell against A𝛽 toxicity-induced cytotoxicity in HT22 cells. Conclusions : We demonstrated that AJ and AB have anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective effects in the 70% EtOH extract compared to DW extract, with no significant differences between the species. These results suggested that AJ and AB would be the potential candidates for neurodegenerative diseases.

• 생약학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.84-89
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• 2007

The present study describes the preliminary evaluation of the antioxidant activities and the neuroprotective effect of methanolic extracts from Psoralea corylifolia Linne (PCE). The antioxidant activities and neuroprotective effect of the PCE were evaluated by total phenolic contents (TPC), DPPH radical scavenging activity (RSA), reducing power (RP), MTT reduction assay, and LDH release assay. TPC, DPPH RSA, and RP of the extract at concentration of 100 ${\mu}g$ was 125.93 ${\mu}g$, 63.81%, 0.138, respectively, and those were concentration dependent. The treatment of PC12 and N18-RE-105 cells with various PCE concentrations under $H_2O_2$ resulted in the induction of protective effect in a dose-dependent manner, as determined by the results of an MTT reduction assay and LDH release assay. Therefore, these results suggest that PCE could be a new potential candidate as an antioxidant against neuronal diseases.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.246-253
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• 2014

Codonopsis lanceolata has been used as an herbal medicine for several lung inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, tonsillitis, and pharyngitis. Previously, we showed the neuroprotective effect of steamed and fermented C. lanceolata (SFC) in vitro and in vivo. In the current study, the treatment of HT22 cells with SFC decreased glutamate-induced cell death, suggesting that SFC protected HT22 cells from glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. Based on these, we sought to elucidate the mechanisms of the neuroprotective effect of SFC by measuring the oxidative stress parameters and the expression of Bax and caspase-3 in HT22 cells. SFC reduced contents of ROS, $Ca^{2+}$ and NO. Moreover, SFC restored contents of glutathione and glutathione reductase as well as inhibited Bax and caspase-3 activity in HT22 cells. These results indicate that steamed and fermented C. lanceolata (SFC) extract protected HT22 cells by anti-oxidative effect and inhibition of the expression of Bax and caspase-3.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2010

본 연구는 땅콩나물 추출물이 glutamate가 유도하는 세포독성으로부터 신경세포를 보호하는 효과를 확인하였다. 땅콩나물을 부위별로 전체, 머리, 줄기 부분으로 나누어 methanol로 처리하여 얻어진 각각의 추출물 WME, HME 그리고 SME를 이용하여 glutamate에 의하여 유도된 세포독성에 대한 신경세포보호효과를 관찰하였다. 기지의 신경세포 N18-RE-105 세포주를 이용하여 MTT reduction assay, LDH release assay, 형태학적인 변화 및 apoptosis를 관찰한 결과로부터 HME에서 효율적인 신경세포보호효과를 보였다. 다음으로 HME를 이용하여 hexane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, water 층으로 분획하여 신경세포 보호 효과를 확인한 결과, diethyl ether 층에서 가장 높은 활성을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 HME의 apoptosis 억제 효과를 확인하기 위하여 flow cytometric analysis를 실시한 결과에서 glutamate 만을 처리하였을 경우 sub-G1기 세포가 58.5%의 확인되었으나 HME를 100 mg/ml 동시 처리하였을 때에는 sub-G1 세포가 9.1%로 감소하여 높은 apoptosis 억제 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로부터 땅콩나물 머리 부분 methanol 추출물에는 glutamate에 의한 세포독성으로부터 신경세포를 보호하는 효과가 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2010

단감 와인을 농축한 후, 농도별로 녹여 추출물을 얻었다. 이 추출물을 이용하여 단감 와인의 항산화 활성을 조사하였다. 단감 와인의 총 페놀 함량(TPC)을 조사한 결과 $9.29{\pm}0.11\;mg/g$의 페놀을 함유하였다. DPPH 라디칼 소거능과 환원력 그리고 ABTS 라디칼 소거능은 농도 의존적으로 활성을 보였으며, $IC_{50}$ 값이 각각 2.959 mg/mL, 1.437 mg/mL 그리고 0.484 mg/mL으로 L-ascorbic acid 보다 낮은 활성을 보였다. 그리고, 단감 와인 농축물은 $10\;{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 무처리구에 비해 glutamate 독성으로부터 뇌신경계 세포주 hybridoma N18-RE-105세포를 22% 이상 보호하는 효과를 나타내었다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.156-160
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• 2008

The methanolic extract of Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS-T) and its fractions (RVS-H, RVS-C, RVS-E and RVS-B) showed significant neuroprotective activity against glutamate-induced toxicity in primary cultures of rat cortical cells. RVS-B, which showed the most potent neuroprotective activity, was further fractionated to yield RVS-B5. Treatment of cortical cells with the RVS-T, RVS-B and RVS-B5 reduced the cellular ROS level and restored the reduced activities of glutathione reductase and SOD induced by glutamate. Although, the activity of glutathione peroxidase was not virtually changed by glutamate, RVS-B5 increased the glutathione peroxidase activity. In addition, these three tested fractions significantly restored the content of GSH which was decreased by glutamate insult in our cultures. Taken together, it could be postulated that RVS extract, in particular its fraction RVS-B5, protected neuronal cells against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity through acting on the antioxidative defense system.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.167-170
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• 2008

We previously reported that 90% MeOH fraction of Biota orientalis leaves (L.) ENDL. had significant neuroprotective activity against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in primary cultures of rat cortical cells. In the present study, (-)-savinin (1), (-)-hinokinin (2), dehydroheliobuphthalmin (3) were isolated by bioactivity-guided fractionation from the 90% MeOH fraction. All three lignans had significant neuroprotective activities against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity at the concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10.0 ${\mu}M$.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.618-630
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 생강을 효소처리하여 수용화율을 높인 후 고초균을 이용하여 발효시킨 생강발효물 (FGEs)을 제조하고, 이를 SH-SY5Y에 6-OHDA와 함께 처리하여 세포 보호 효과 및 AChE 저해 활성을 평가하였다. 그 결과, 6-OHDA로 자극된 신경세포에서 FGE를 처리한 모든 실험군에서 세포 생존율이 증가하고 LDH 농도가 감소하였다. 6-OHDA로 유발된 세포자멸사를 억제할 수 있는지 확인하기 위해 핵의 형태학적인 변화 및 caspase-3 활성을 확인하였다. FGE를 처리한 모든 실험군에서 핵의 손상 및 apoptotic body의 감소와 caspase-3 억제 활성을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 FGE는 AChE의 활성을 유의적으로 감소시켰다. 시료 간의 활성 차이를 비교하였을 때, 생강에 효소 처리 후 고초균으로 발효한 추출물군 (E/BKG와 E/BCG)의 신경세포 보호 활성이 효소 처리하지 않은 발효생강군 (BKG와 BCG) 보다 유의적으로 크게 나타났다. 그러나 발효에 사용된 고초균 2종 간의 활성은 유사하였으며 처리군 간 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 본 연구 결과로부터 효소처리하여 수용화율을 높여 고초균으로 발효한 FGE는 신경세포 보호 및 AChE 저해 효과를 나타내어 향후 신경질환 연구를 위한 기초자료 제공 및 고부가가치 식품소재 개발에 이용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제34권4호통권135호
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• pp.335-338
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• 2003

It is thought that highly reactive oxygen species generated after strokes plays a key role in damaging the brain. We examined free radical scavenging activity and neuroprotective effects of several medicinal herbs in a rat model of transient ischemia. Free radical scavenging property of medicinal herbs was examined in vitro using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl stable free radical. Transient ischemia was induced by intraluminal occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery for 120 min, followed by reperfusion for 22 hr in rats. Aqueous extracts of 8 medicinal herbs (200 mg/kg) were orally administered twice to transient ischemic rat prior to reperfusion and 2 hr after reperfusion. Total infarction volume in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the ischemia-reperfusion was significantly decreased in 7 groups treated with Sophora flavescens, Lycopus lucidus, Sanguisorba officinalis, Caesalpinia sappan, Albizia julibrissin, Rubia akane, Psoralea corylifolia, or Prunella vulgaris. However, neuroprotective effects of these medicinal herbs were not correlated with their antioxidative activities. These results suggest that these medicinal herbs exert neuroprotection via antioxidative as well as unknown mechanism.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.804-809
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• 2005

The EtOAc-soluble fraction from a methanolic extract of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. exhibited neuroprotective activity against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. The neuroprotective activity-guided isolation resulted in 8 phenolic compounds (1-8), such as vanillic acid (1), ferulic acid (2), 3,5-dihydroxystilbene (3), (+)-aromadendrin (4), methyl vanillate (5), (-)-catechin (6), 2,3,4-trihydrobenzoic acid (7), and (+)-afzelechin (8). Among these, compounds 6 and 8 had a neuroprotective effect on the glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in HT22 cells. Furthermore, compound 6 had a DPPH free radical scavenging effect with an $IC_{50}$ value of $57.7{\mu}M$, and a superoxide anion radical scavenging effect with an $IC_{50}$ value of $8.0{\mu}M$. Both compounds 6 and 8 had ABTS cation radical scavenging effects with $IC_{50}$ values of $7.8{\mu}M\;and\;23.7${\mu}M$, respectively. These results suggest that compounds 6 and 8 could be neuroprotectants owing to their free radical scavenging activities.