• 제목/요약/키워드: neuropeptide r

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Neuropeptide $\gamma$의 구조 및 생리활성 (Conformation and Biological Activity of the Neuropeptide $\gamma$)

  • 구희정;서정길;김은희;허민도;정준기;박장수;강신원;박남규
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제30권2호
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    • pp.244-251
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    • 1997
  • 생리활성을 지닌 신경펩타이드의 구조와 활성간의 관계를 규명하기 위하여 고상법으로 합성한 세 종류의 neuropeptide $\gamma$(mammalian-, trout- 그리고 goldfish-neu-ropeptide $\gamma$)를 사용하여 연구하였다. Circular dichroism spectra에 의하면 mammalian-, trout-와 goldfish-neurope-ptide $\gamma$는 완충액 조건하에서 모두 random한 구조를 나타내었다. 중성 및 산성 지질 존재 하에서, mammalian과 trout-neuropeptide $\gamma$는 여전히 random한 구조를 취했다. 그러나, goldfish-neuropeptide $\gamma$는 중성 및 산성지질하에서 부분적으로 $\alpha-helix$ 구조를 나타내었다. 장관 수축활성 에 있어서는 carp 장관, guinea-pig 회장 그리고 rat 십이지장에 대하여 비교하였다. Carp에 대해서는 goldfish-neuropeptide $\gamma\;\simeq$ trout-neuropeptide $\gamma\;>$ mammalian- neuropeptide $\gamma$ 순으로 활성이 나타났다. 그러나, guinea-pig 회장과 rat 십이지장에 대해서 mammalian-neuropeptide $\gamma$는 어류 유래성 neuropeptide g들 보다 높은 수축활성을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과들은 neuropeptide $\gamma$들이 종-특이적인 활성을 나타낸다는 것을 제시한다.

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누에 short neuropeptide F receptor (BsNPF-R)의 cDNA cloning (Cloning of the Bombyx mori short neuropeptide F receptor (BsNPF-R) cDNA)

  • 신효정;권기상;홍선미;김홍근;박관호;최지영;김승환;유권;권오유
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제26권6호
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    • pp.721-726
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    • 2016
  • 누에(Bombyx mori)에서 short neuropeptide F (sNPF) receptor를 encoding하고 있는 cDNA를 cloning하여서 BsNPF-R라고 이름을 붙였다. BsNPF-R는 이미 보고된 sNPF-R들과 아미노산 수준에서 사람(36%), 쥐(34%), 제브라피쉬(35%), 초파리(51%)와 상동성을 보였다. BsNPF-R는 계산적으로 분자량이 42,731 Da이고 원형질막을 관통하는 단백질이다. BsNPF-R 유전자발현은 중장, 후견사선, 말피기관, 정소에서 강한 반면 지방체, 혈세포, 난소에서 약하게 발현하였다. 그리고 합성된 sNPF에 의해서도 BsNPF-R의 유전자발현이 조절되었다.

The Body Weight-related Differences of Leptin and Neuropeptide Y (NPY) Gene Expression in Pigs

  • Shan, Tizhong;Wang, Yizhen;Guo, Jia;Chu, Xiaona;Liu, Jianxin;Xu, Zirong
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.161-166
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    • 2008
  • To determine if body weight change is directly related to altered leptin and neuropeptide Y (NPY) gene expression, we assessed adipose tissue weight, percent body fat, leptin and NPY mRNA levels and serum leptin concentration in pigs at weights of 1, 20, 40, 60, and 90 kg. The results indicated that the weight of adipose tissues and the percent body fat of pigs significantly increased and correlated with body weight (BW) from 1 to 90 kg (p<0.01). Serum leptin concentrations and leptin mRNA levels in omental adipose tissue (OAT) increased from 1 to 60 kg, and then decreased from 60 to 90 kg. At 60 kg, the serum leptin concentration and leptin mRNA level significantly increased by 33.5% (p<0.01) and 98.2% (p<0.01), respectively, as compared with the levels at 1 kg. At 60 kg, the amount of leptin mRNA in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) was significantly higher than that of 1 and 40 kg animals (p<0.05). NPY gene expression in the hypothalamus also changed with BW and at 60 kg the NPY mRNA level significantly decreased by 54.0% (p< 0.05) as compared with that in 1 kg. Leptin mRNA in OAT was correlated with serum leptin concentrations (r = 0.98, p<0.01), body weight (r = 0.82, p<0.05) and percent body fat (r = 0.81, p<0.05). This is the first report of the developmental expression of leptin in porcine OAT, peritoneal adipose tissue (PAT) and SAT, and proves that the expression of leptin in OAT could reflect the levels of circulating leptin. These results provide some information for nutritional manipulation of leptin secretion which could lead to practical methods of controlling appetite and growth in farm animals, thereby regulating and improving efficiency of lean meat production and meat production quality.

The Role of Neuropeptide Y in the Central Regulation of Grass Intake in Sheep

  • Sunagawa, K.;Weisiger, R.S.;McKinley, M.J.;Purcell, B.S.;Thomson, C.;Burns, P.L.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.35-40
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    • 2001
  • The physiological role of brain neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the central regulation of grass intake in sheep was investigated through a continuous intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of NPY at a dose of $5{\mu}g/0.2ml/hr$ for 98.5 hours from day 1 to day 5. Sheep (n=5) were fed for 2 hours once a day, and water and 0.5 M NaCl solution were given ad libitum. Feed intake during ICV NPY infusion increased significantly compared to that during ICV artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) infusion. Water and NaCl intake during ICV NPY infusion remained unchanged. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and plasma osmolality during ICV NPY infusion were not significantly different from those during ICV CSF infusion. On the other hand, plasma glucose concentration during ICV NPY infusion increased significantly compared to that during ICV CSF infusion. The results suggest that brain NPY acts as a hunger factor in brain mechanisms controlling feeding to increase grass intake in sheep.

바소프레신과 옥시토신을 동시에 조절 마이크로RNA, miR-24 (MiR-24 Simultaneously Regulates Both Oxytocin and Vasopressin)

  • 이헌진
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제29권1호
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    • pp.118-122
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    • 2019
  • 옥시토신(Oxt)과 바소프레신(Avp)은 주로 시상하부의 신경세포에서 생성이 되어 뇌하수체 후엽에서 온 몸으로 분비된다. 유전자 구조와 염기서열 연구를 통해 옥시토신과 바소프레신이 진화적으로 발달되는 단계에서 유전자가 염색체 내에 중복된 것으로 추정되어져 왔다. 이전 연구에서 작은 조절자로 알려진 마이크로RNA 중 하나인 miR-24가 옥시토신과 직접 결합한 후 조절할 수 있다는 사실을 본 연구실에서 발표한 바가 있지만, 바소프레신을 동시에 조절할 수 있는지는 확실치 않았다. 본 연구에서 바소프레신을 조절할 수 있는 후보 마이크로RNA를 생물정보학적 방법으로 탐색하였다. 여러 후보 중 miR-24만이 바소프레신과 직접 결합할 수 있음을 형광 리포터 분석과 바소프레신 결합부위의 돌연변이 cDNA 제작을 통해 밝혀내었다. 바소프레신의 miR-24 결합 필수 부위인 "seed" 부분을 돌연변이 시킨 바소프레신의 경우 miR-24와의 결합능이 현저히 떨어지고 miR-24의 저해제 역시 결합능을 감소시키는 것을 보아 miR-24가 바소프레신에 결합하여 조절할 수 있음을 명확히 할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 종합해 볼 때 단일 마이크로RNA가 두 주요한 뇌하수체 호르몬의 조절에 관여한다는 새로운 조절 기전을 제시하여 준다.

Impaired Extinction of Learned Contextual Fear Memory in Early Growth Response 1 Knockout Mice

  • Han, Seungrie;Hong, Soontaek;Mo, Jiwon;Lee, Dongmin;Choi, Eunju;Choi, June-Seek;Sun, Woong;Lee, Hyun Woo;Kim, Hyun
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • 제37권1호
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    • pp.24-30
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    • 2014
  • Inductive expression of early growth response 1 (Egr-1) in neurons is associated with many forms of neuronal activity. However, only a few Egr-1 target genes are known in the brain. The results of this study demonstrate that Egr-1 knockout (KO) mice display impaired contextual extinction learning and normal fear acquisition relative to wild-type (WT) control animals. Genome-wide microarray experiments revealed 368 differentially expressed genes in the hippocampus of Egr-1 WT exposed to different phases of a fear conditioning paradigm compared to gene expression profiles in the hippocampus of KO mice. Some of genes, such as serotonin receptor 2C (Htr2c), neuropeptide B (Npb), neuronal PAS domain protein 4 (Npas4), NPY receptor Y1 (Npy1r), fatty acid binding protein 7 (Fabp7), and neuropeptide Y (Npy) are known to regulate processing of fearful memories, and promoter analyses demonstrated that several of these genes contained Egr-1 binding sites. This study provides a useful list of potential Egr-1 target genes which may be regulated during fear memory processing.

Effect of Starving and Re-feeding on Appetite-related Genes in Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

  • Kim, Min Ju;Song, Jin Ah;Choi, Cheol Young
    • 한국해양생명과학회지
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 2022
  • This investigation aimed to assess the appetite response changes of olive flounder to starving and re-feeding conditions. Three different feeding groups (2 weeks feeding, fed; 2 weeks starving, starved; and 1 week starving and 1 week feeding, re-fed) were established to examine the changes in appetite-related genes for each group. The weight gain of the fish was highest for the fed group and lowest for the starving group. Based on the daily feed intake (DFI) and cumulative feed intake (CFI), overall food intake was found to increase in the re-fed group more than in the fed group from week 1 to week 2 of the experiment. Hypocretin neuropeptide precursor (HCRT) and galanin receptor 1 (GAL-R1) mRNA expression in the brain of olive flounder were decreased in the starved group. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) was decreased in all experimental groups, except for the fed group. However, overall leptin concentrations in the plasma did not change across groups. Considering the differences between this study and previous studies on starving and feeding, various factors (except the production and expression mechanisms of appetite-related factors in response to starving) are likely acting on the appetite responses of the fish. In this study, a 1-week re-feeding period induced substantial effects on appetite response when compared to a 2-week feeding period. These findings show that even if re-feeding is performed after starving, the unbalance caused by the re-feeding can affect various physiological changes in fish by feed intake efficiency.

Role of Glucocorticoids in Fasting-induced Changes in Hypothalamic and Pituitary Components of the Growth Hormone (GH)-axis

  • Kim, Eun-Hee;Seo, Sang-Hee;Chung, Hyun-Ju;Park, Seung-Joon
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • 제12권5호
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    • pp.217-223
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    • 2008
  • To directly test if elevated glucocorticoids are required for fasting-induced regulation of growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone (GHRH), GHRH receptors (GHRH-R) and ghrelin receptors (GHS-R) expression, male rats were bilaterally adrenalectomized or sham operated. After 7 days, animals were fed ad libitum or fasted for 48 h. Bilateral adrenalectomy increased hypothalamic GHRH to 146% and decreased neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA to 54% of SHAM controls. Pituitary GHRH-R and GHS-R mRNA levels were decreased by adrenalectomy to 30% and 80% of shamoperated controls. In shamoperated rats, fasting suppressed hypothalamic GHRH (49%) and stimulated NPY (166%) mRNA levels, while fasting increased pituitary GHRH-R (391%) and GHS-R (218%) mRNA levels. However, in adrenalectomized rats, fasting failed to alter pituitary GHRH-R mRNA levels, while the fasting-induced suppression of GHRH and elevation of NPY and GHS-R mRNA levels remained intact. In fasted adrenalectomized rats, corticosterone replacement increased GHRH-R mRNA levels and intensified the fasting-induced decrease in GHRH, but did not alter NPY or GHS-R response. These data suggest that elevated glucocorticoids mediate the effects of fasting on hypothalamic GHRH and pituitary GHRH-R expression, while glucocorticoids are likely not the major determinant in fasting-induced increases in hypothalamic NPY and pituitary GHS-R expression.

침치료가 굶긴 쥐 시상하부에서 neuropeptide Y(NPY)와 leptin receptor(LR)의 발현에 미치는 영향에 대한 실험적 연구 (Effect of Acupuncture on the Expressions of Neuropeptide Y and Leptin Receptor in the Hypothalamus of Food-deprived Rats)

  • 김미아;정우상;문상관;김영석;김창주;조기호
    • 대한한방내과학회지
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    • 제34권2호
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    • pp.113-121
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    • 2013
  • 목 적 : 본 연구에서는 침치료가 비만치료의 주요방법인 식욕억제에 효과적인지 알아보기 위하여 굶긴 쥐 시상하부에서 NPY와 LR의 발현 변화를 실험을 통하여 연구하였다. 방 법 : 생후 6주 Sprague-Dawley rats를 한 군에 다섯 마리씩 배정하여 대조군-무치료, 대조군-이침치료, 대조군-족삼리치료, 대조군-임의혈치료, 실험군-무치료, 실험군-이침치료, 실험군-족삼리치료, 실험군-임의혈치료의 8군으로 분류하여 실험하였다. 실험군은 3일간 물만 공급하고 사료를 금식시켰고, 침자극은 하루 2회 3일간 시행하였다. 침은 직경 0.3 mm 이었고, 양측혈을 사용하였고, 2-4 mm 깊이로 자입 하였으며, 20분 유침하였다. 3일 후 pentobarbital로 마취하여 사망시켰고, 4% paraformaldehyde로 조직을 고정한 후 뇌조직을 관상으로 $40{\mu}m$두께로 잘랐다. 식욕조절중후인 시상하부의 paraventricular nucleus(PVN)에서 NPY와 LR의 발현을 면역조직법으로 보았다. 결 과 : 굶기지 않은 대조군에 비하여 굶긴 실험군에서 시상하부 PVN 에서 NPY의 증가와 LR 감소가 나타났다. 굶긴 실험군에 이침, 족삼리, 임의혈 자침시 시상하부 PVN 에서 NPY의 감소가 나타났으며, 이침이 타침 자침에 비하여 NPY의 감소를 더욱 크게 나타냈다. 굶기지 않은 정상상태에서 이침, 족삼리, 임의혈 자침시 NPY의 증가가 있었으며 이는 자침에 의한 스트레스로 인한 것으로 보여진다. 굶긴 실험군에 이침 자침 시에만 시상하부 PVN에서 LR의 증가가 있었으며 정상상태에서 자침시 LR 발현의 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 연구결과로서 이침치료가 식욕을 억제하는데 가장 유의한 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.