• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.332-339
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic effects of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients who underwent surgical resection. Materials and Methods: A total of 63 non-metastatic TNBC patients who underwent surgical resection were retrospectively investigated from 2007 to 2016 in Inje University Busan Paik Hospital. Pathological tests revealed that 12 patients (19.0%) had LVI. Approximately 61.9% (n = 39) of the patients' samples stained positive for p53. Additional chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT) were performed in 53 (84.1%) and 47 (74.6%) patients, respectively. Results: The median follow-up period was 39.5 months (range, 5.9 to 123.0 months). The pathological T stage (p = 0.008), N stage (p = 0.014), and p53 positivity (p = 0.044) were associated with LVI. Overall, the 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate and overall survival (OS) rate were 85.4% and 90.2%, respectively. Ten patients (15.9%) experienced relapse. LVI (n = 12) was associated with relapses (p = 0.016). p53 positivity was correlated with poor DFS (p = 0.048). Furthermore, LVI was related to poor DFS (p = 0.011) and OS (p = 0.001) and considered as an independent prognostic factor for DFS (p = 0.039). The 3-year DFS of patients with LVI (n = 12) was only 58.3%. Adjuvant RT minimized the negative prognostic effect of LVI on DFS (p = 0.068 [with RT] vs. p = 0.011 [without RT]). Conclusion: LVI was related to the detrimental effects of disease progression and survival of TNBC patients. Thus, a more effective treatment strategy is needed for TNBC patients with LVI.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.156-163
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• 2022

Background: This study attempted to apply resin infiltrant (RI) as a method to maintain the effect of tooth bleaching treatment and compared it with fluoride varnish (FV) or artificial saliva to evaluate the effect. Methods: Sixty healthy lozenge specimens were classified into five groups. Group 1 was the negative control group, and discoloration was induced after artificial saliva treatment of the tooth specimen (G1_S+C). Group 2 was a positive control group, in which pigmentation was induced after bleaching treatment and artificial saliva treatment (G2 _B+S+C). Coloration was induced in group 3 (experimental group 1) after bleaching treatment and artificial saliva treatment, followed by application of fluorine varnish (G3_B+FV+S+C). Coloration was induced in Group 4 (experimental group 2) after applying RI after bleaching treatment and artificial saliva treatment (G4_B+RI+S+C). Pigmentation was induced in group 5 (experimental group 3) after bleaching treatment and artificial saliva treatment, followed by acid treatment (etching) and treatment with RI (G5_B+E+RI+S+C). Coffee and wine were used to induce discoloration. The lightness value (L^*) of the CIE L^*a^*b^* color system was obtained by image analysis. Kruskal-Wallis H analysis was performed for the mean difference in L^* values by group. Results: When coloration was induced with coffee, there was no significant difference in L^* value between artificial saliva (G2 _B+S+C), FV (G3_B+FV+S+C), and RI (G4_B+RI+S+C, G5_B+E+RI+S+C) groups. There was no significant difference in L^* values between the artificial saliva (G2 _B+S+C), FV (G3_B+FV+S+C), and RI (G4_B+RI+S+C, G5_B+E+RI+S+C) groups, even in the case of wine induced coloration. Conclusion: It was confirmed that artificial saliva or RI treatment had similar effects to the FV previously used to maintain the effect of tooth bleaching treatment.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.277-284
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• 2006

Background : Delayed treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis is an important problem because it results in greater mortality and the nosocomial transmission of tuberculosis. This study was conducted to analyze the factors that contribute to the delayed treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in a university hospital and we wanted to provide basic data for instituting an effective management program for tuberculosis. Methods : we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 155 patients with smear-positive or culture-positive pulmonary tuberculosis and who were treated between May 1999 and October 1999. A case-control study was performed to analyze the factors. We then tried to follow up the patients in delayed treatment group via telephone for the purpose of assessing the therapeutic interventions. Results : Among 150 patients, 55 (37%) were included in the delayed treatment group. The factors associated with delayed treatment on the univariate analysis included age (61 vs 40 years old; p <0.001), a smear-negative sputum test for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) (85% vs 55%; p <0.001) and no visits to a private clinic before the patient presented to the university hospital (56% vs 36%; p = 0.014). Multivariate analysis revealed that old age (p = 0.001), a smear-negative sputum for AFB (p = 0.001), and lower lobe infiltrate on chest X-ray (p = 0.041) were the independent predictors of delayed treatment. Of the 22 patients who did not receive any treatment, 20 of them 91%) consented to our suggestion of revisiting the hospital. Conclusion : Delayed treatment of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis is not uncommon in a university hospital. Old age, smear-negative for AFB, and lower lobe infiltrate on chest X-ray are the risk factors for delayed treatment. A more systematic management system is required for achieving better control of tuberculosis.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.07d
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• pp.1815-1817
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• 1999

In this paper, the generation of high pretilt angle in nematic liquid crystal (NLC) by dipping effect on three kinds of the rubbed polyimide (PI) surface was investigated. The generated pretilt angle of NLC increases due to dipping effect before rubbing treatment on two kinds of the rubbed PI surface with side chain. The generated pretit angle in NLC by using dipping effect after rubbing treatment on PI surface with short side chain is high compared to the PI surface with long side chain. The generated pretit angle of the positive type NLC $(\Delta{\varepsilon}>0)$ is higher as than that of the negative type NLC $({\Delta}{\varepsilon}<0)$ by using dipping effect before rubbing treatment on homeotropic layer. The generated pretilt angle of NLC is attributed to perpendicular component of permittivity ${\varepsilon}_{\perp}$ of NLC on rubbed PI surface.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2003.03a
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• pp.417-421
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• 2003

The purpose of this paper is to study on the construction of roadbed with environmental friendly soil amendment agent. The special amendment agent used in this study is mainly composed of inorganic metal salts such as sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride,, thus is friendly to the environment, and has a function of soil-cement-agent solidification. Various components of this agent weaken the negative function of humic acid and decompose humic acid itself. Then, the calcium cation of the cement can now be made contact directly to the soil surface. The project of local road demonstration of roadbed construction with special soil treatment agent was peformed in Northeast Thailand on August 1999 by the sponsor of Highway Department of Thailand. A series of field experiments including unconfined compressive strength were carried out to investigate the physical and mechanical characteristics of solidified roadbed treated by this solidifying agent. The results of this research showed that the roadbed using poor soil could be efficiently constructed by treatment of this amendment agent.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.195-200
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• 2016

Enteroatmospheric fistula (EAF) is one of the most devastating complications in patients with an open abdomen and has associated morbidity and mortality rates. No gold standard therapy has been established for the treatment of EAF, and thus, treatment decision making is dependent on the experience of medical staff. Nevertheless, treatment involves the following; 1) sepsis must be managed, 2) sufficient nutritional support must be provided, and 3) effluent must be isolated from skin and open viscera. Here the authors present the case of a 29-year-old man who developed enteroatmospheric fistula after damage control laparotomy.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.54 no.11
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• pp.923-931
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• 2016

Managing uncooperative behaviors related to dental treatment is necessary for guiding children and adolescence to more favorable behaviors. The first approach should be controlling their behaviors using non-phamarcologic behavior management techniques. However, if this approach fails, it is helpful to control negative behaviors pharmacologically. Accordingly, sedation is frequently used to relieve anxiety related to dental treatment. Also, general anesthesia has been applied to the situations in which sedation is either ineffective or impossible to gain cooperation during treatment. This article discusses the pharmacology of widely used sedatives for children and adolescence and clinical considerations of managing uncooperative children and adolescence with the use of sedation. Furthermore, we recommend clinical indication of selecting general anesthesia rather sedation for the purpose of behavior management.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.89-108
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• 2009

Objectives The purpose of this study is to report the clinical effects of oriental medical treatment on developmental disorder induced by traumatic brain injuries. Methods The patients were treated with herb medicine, acupunctures, moxibustions, and negative pressures, and then evaluated by manual muscle tests, gross motor function measurements, sequenced language scales for infants. Results The patient's manual muscle power, motility, cognition, speech were significantly improved after six weeks of oriental medical treatment. Conclusions This study showed that oriental medical treatments were effective on developmental disorder induced by traumatic brain injuries. However, further clinical studies were needed.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.93-97
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• 2005

Nasal obstruction may cause or aggravate sleep disordered breathing but exact pathogenesis is not clear. The possible mechanism could be combination of alteration in upper airway aerodynaimcs, loss of nasal reflex or sensation, effect of mouth opening, and a genetic predisposition. Anatomical narrowing of nasal airway cause more rapid airflow and induce more negative inspiratory air pressure. So, it increases collapsibility of pharyngeal airway. Loss of nasal sensation to airflow block nasal reflex. Mouth opening decreases the activity of pharyngeal airway dilator muscles and narrowing the pharyngeal airway may occur. The treatment of nasal obstruction should be done according to the cause. The causes of nasal obstruction are various from problems of external nasal opening to nasopharynx. Relief of nasal obstruction may not cure sleep disordered breathing always. In some mild obstructive sleep apnea patients, treatment of nasal obstruction only may cure sleep disordered breathing. In some severe sleep apnea patients, treatment of nasal obstruction may increase compliance of continous nasal positive airway pressure.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.149-154
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• 1998

Antipsychotic drugs(APDs) have been effective to alleviate psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia. However, some schizophrenic patients do not respond to APDs. In addition to psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia, negative symptoms, excitement, violence, agitation, depression, and disorganization are frequently noted in patients with schizophrenia. Though APDs are the first line drugs for these symptoms, other drugs than APDs to augment the effects of APDs are efficacious for the treatment of these symptoms. Such augmenting drugs include benzodiazepines, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, lithium, and electroconvulsive therapy. These augmentation strategies can boost the effects of APDs or decrease the requirements of APDs, and consequently decrease the chance of the occurrence of side effects of APDs. Augmenting strategies are revewed for each class of drugs or treatment modality.