• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.57-59
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• 2018

Since the statistical significance levels of each F value (2.90 and 3.55) for positive expressiveness (PE) and negative expressiveness (NE) are all p<.01, it is found that there is a significant difference of PE and NE by science score. But, since the significant value of F value (1.725) for impulse strength (IS) is .095 (p>.05), it can be seen that there is no significant difference in IS by science score. The higher the science score, the larger the PE values and the lower the NE values. However, even if the science score increases, the IS values do not show a trend in a certain direction.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.556-565
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• 2004

Purpose: According to Lazarus & Folkman (1984), appraising a stressor as a threat is associated with negative psychological and physical adjustment, whereas appraising a stressor as a challenge is positive psychological and physical adjustment. This study examined how cognitive appraisal of PTCA(heart disease threat and treatment appraisal) related to the cardiac risk reduction behaviors(smoking cessation, low salt and low cholesterol diet, regular exercise and stress management) 6 weeks following discharge. Method: Data were collected from 50 subjects with successful primary PTCA. Result: Heart disease threat was negative related to treatment appraisal (r=-0.240, p=0.046). Psychological well-being was negative related to heart disease threat (r=-0.317, p=0.012) and positive related to treatment appraisal(r=0.402, p=0.002). The cardiac risk reduction behaviors score was negative related to heart disease threat(r= -0.296, p=0.018) and positive related to treatment appraisal(r=-0.291, p=0.020). Conclusion: More negative appraisal was related to lower the cardiac risk reduction behaviors score. But more positive appraisal was related to higher the cardiac risk reduction behaviors score. So, there is a need to develop the cognitive-behavioral intevention that increase the coping strategy to replace with positive appraisal.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.256-265
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• 2009

Objectives : The aims of this study were to assess a) the prevalence of trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) in schizophrenic patients and b) the differences in symptomatology and outcome after 1year treatment between those with and without PTSD. Methods : Twenty eight schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients completed the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS), Life Stressor Checklist-Revised(LSCL-R), Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale(CAPS), Dissociative Experiences Scale(DES), Hamilton Psychiatry Rating Scale for Depression(HAM-D), and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale(RSE). Results : Twenty six patients(92.9%) had at least one trauma in their life time. Eleven patients(39.3%) were diagnosed with PTSD. PTSD group had significantly higher scores on HAM-D and DES but lower scores on RSE. PTSD group also had significantly lower score in the baseline PANSS Negative score. Higher CAPS scores were significantly correlated with lower baseline PANSS Negative score and greater change after 1year of PANSS Negative score. Conclusion : These results showed that the prevalences of trauma and PTSD are high in schizophrenic patients and suggested that PTSD and trauma-related symptoms affected the symptomatology and treatment outcome. More research is warranted to better understand the effects of PTSD in schizophrenic patients.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.392-403
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• 2023

Objectives: This study was intended to investigate adults' health behaviors and eating habits according to their levels of social media use. Methods: From May 27 to July 11, 2022, an online survey was conducted of 452 male and female social media users in their 20s and 30s, and their eating habits and health behaviors were compared and analyzed according to their degree of social media use. For each of the three levels of food content use, the frequency of social media content use, and the total score range of average social media viewing time per day were divided into three parts, and a group with a score of less than 2 points was classified as low-use; a group with a score of 2 or more and less than 3 points was classified as middle-use; and a group with a score of 3 points or more was classified as high-use. Results: The use of food content was higher in women than in men (P < 0.001), and higher in those in their 20s than in those in their 30s (P < 0.001). The group with a high level of food content use showed a higher rate of post-use hunger than the group with a low level (P < 0.01). The experience of eating after using food content was also higher in the group with a high level of use than in the group with a low level of use (P < 0.001). The group with a normal or high level of food content use had more negative eating habits than the group with a low level. Conclusions: The study highlighted the need to provide desirable food content to people in their 20s and 30s with negative eating habits and to promote them so that they can use the right healthy nutrition-related content.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.128-135
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• 1997

This study was carried out to describe the relationship between food habit and gastric symptom. Five hundreds ten women working more than 6 months were chosen for samples among the residents in Seoul and Kyungki provinces. This survey was done by questionnaire from the 5th September to the 5th October 1996. The results was followed : 1. The average score of the food habit in the career women was 9.6 among the total score. 20 2. The food habit of the career women appeared worse to whom were younger, single, and having loss educational backgrounded and living apart from family, When the average score of food habit was compared between groups, nurses group was lower than the other group, and shift workers. 3. The average score of gastric symptom was 8.1 among the total score 30. 4. The average gastric symptom score of the career women was resulted in less high among the younger, single, technical college graduated and living separately from the family. In the group comparison, the nurse group showed higher score than teachers and shift worker group showed higher score than nonshift worker. 5. There were negative correlation between food habit and gastric symptom. From the research point of view, the food habit of career women resulted differently depending on their occupations and invidual characteristics. Therefore, education and guidence for appropriate ate diet and food habit will be considered as necessary for health of the working women.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 2011

This study was designed to compare the incidence and severity of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) between normal (N = 85) and overweight or obese (N = 28) college female students and investigated correlation between PMS, nutrient intake, hematological index and psychological index (depression, anxiety, stress). Each subject was asked a Menstrual Discomfort Questionnaire (MDQ) for PMS by 5 Likert scale. The PMS scores of women in the normal weight subjects ranked in order of severity were water retention (2.71), followed by behavioral change (2.58), negative affect (2.46), pain (2.31), autonomic reaction (2.27), decreased concentration (2.16). The symptoms of 'pain' and 'behavioral change' of overweight or obese subject were significantly higher than those of normal subject (p < 0.05). And total cholesterol concentration of overweight or obese subjects was significantly higher than in normal subject (p < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) between the symptoms of 'negative effect' and BMI. And the triglyceride concentration was positively related with 'water retention (p < 0.01)'. The symptoms of 'decreased concentration' were negatively correlated with calcium (p < 0.01) and vitamin B6 intake (p < 0.05). The depression score were positively related with symptoms of 'behavioral change (p < 0.05)', 'negative affect' (p < 0.01), and the anxiety score was positively correlated with 'behavioral change (p < 0.05)' and 'decreased concentration (p < 0.05)'. The stress score was positively correlated with 'decreased concentration (p < 0.01)', 'behavioral change (p < 0.05)' and 'negative affect (p < 0.05)'. This suggests that PMS represents the clinical manifestation of a calcium, vitamin $B_6$ deficiency and psychological disorder. Therefore we concluded that nutrient supplementation, depression and stress management may help to relieve PMS symptoms.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.89-98
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• 2016

The purpose of this paper is to analyze corporate image of Korean game companies. The questionnaires such as corporate image, gaming playing period, dispute with parents included The lowest score was 2.75 on Han Game which is servicing web board games. Kakao which is a game platform got the highest score. Result through the tests showed that 5 companies were categorized into 3 groups, lower group(Han Game and NEXON), middle (NCSoft and Netmarble), higher (Kakao). Correlation with gender factor showed that only NEXON is significant. NEXON Score by female is higher than that of male. In addition, longer playing period on NEXON games has negative corporate image. Correlation between conflict with parents and negative corporate image of NEXON is also significant.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.257-265
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• 2013

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the job stress level of call center workers and figure out its relation with cognitive emotion regulation strategies as a cognitive coping strategy. Methods: Data collection was conducted on 985 call center workers, working for K companies in Korea. ANOVA, t-test, Scheffe's test and multiple regression have been conducted for the data analysis using SAS 9.0 software. Results: The total job stress score of subjects ranges $Q_{25{\sim}49}$ (the lower 50%) whereas the score of job demand and job control ranges $Q_{50{\sim}74}$ (the upper 50%), and its sectional job stress level is high. Since job stress is the major factor affecting cognitive emotion regulation strategies, it is shown that when the job stress score gets higher, the score of positive cognitive emotion regulation strategies gets decreased but the score of negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies, increased. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to develop and apply an effective stress easing method for call center workers which reduces negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies and increases positive ones.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.317-328
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• 2021

This study examines the impact of bank competition and efficiency in the financial stability of the banking sector in Bangladesh. The study used the Lerner index and the Boone indicator to represent the bank competition, while the non-performing loan (NPL) and Z-score are used to represent financial stability. The secondary data were collected from the annual reports of 28 DSE listed commercial banks of Bangladesh over the period from 2011 to 2018. Using a dynamic panel GMM model, the study found the Lerner index is significantly negatively related with Z-score, which means that higher bank competition results in higher bank stability. It is also seen that higher cost efficiency results in higher bank stability. The Lerner index has negative, but insignificant impact on NPL. Similarly, using the Boone indicator, this study found that lower competition increases NPL. In terms of the Z-score, the Boone indicator found that 1 unit of increment results in decrease of the Z-score by 6.15 units. The study suggests that, as more competition results in more financial soundness, the banking industry competition should be ensured by policymakers or regulators. Banks could enhance financial stability by cost control to achieve cost efficiency as well as by improving loan-to-asset ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.125-135
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• 2009

Purpose: This study is to identify the relations between alexithymia, emotional clarification, emotional expressiveness and somatic symptoms, and their effect on the elementary school students. Methods: This study targets 567 elementary school students and they are composed of 288 boy students and 279 girl students in 5th and 6th grade, and 283 in the 5th grade and 284 in the 6th grade. Results: In somatic symptoms, alexithymia, emotional clarification, and emotional expressivness, a significant difference is found. For the somatic symptoms and alexithymia, the subject in grade 5 show higher score than those in grade 6. For the emotional clarification, and emotional expressivness, the subjects in grade 5 show higher scores than those of grade 6. According to sex, only in emotional clarification, a significant difference is found between boys and girls and the girls show higher score that the boys. In looking at the correlations between alexithymia, emotional clarification and somatic symptoms, the somatic symptoms has positive correlations with alexithymia while it has negative correlations with emotional expressiveness. The alexithymia has negative correlations with emotional clarification and emotional expressiveness. It is found that the emotional clarification has positive correlations with emotional expressiveness. Conclusion: In respect to the effect of alexithymia, emotional clarification and emotional expressiveness on somatic symptoms, emotional alexithymia and emotional clarification have effect on somatic symptoms and emotional expressiveness has no effect on somatic symptoms.