• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.264-267
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to examine the advertisements of eco-friendly interior products and finishing materials in 3 interior design magazines which have been published for 4 years since 2002: to identify specific types of the products and materials that consumers can choose and to analyze their special ingredients which have functions and effectiveness related to health. Literature review and content analysis on the advertisements were employed. The results are as follows: The amount of advertisements has been continuously increasing due to the public concerns on well-being and finishing material types absolutely took the greatest proportion (92.8%) among them. Floor coverings, wall papers, and paints are the big 3 materials in the finishing material advertisements. The frequently mentioned health-related ingredients in them were charcoal, natural jade, nanosilver, yellow soil and quartz porphyry, And their main functions were emission of negative ions and ultra infrared. However, it's not easy to find their scientific test results on health. Objective guidelines are needed for the right selection of interior products and materials to maintain healthy interior environment.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.308-311
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• 2017

A 71-year-old man was referred for an anterior chest wall mass. Chest computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography-CT suggested a malignant tumor. Surgical biopsy through a vertical subxiphoid incision revealed an extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumor (EGIST). En bloc resection of the tumor, including partial resection of the sternum, costal cartilage, pericardium, diaphragm, and peritoneum, was performed. Pathologic evaluation revealed a negative resection margin and confirmed the tumor as an EGIST. On postoperative day 17, the patient was discharged without any complications. At the 2-week follow-up, the patient was doing well and was asymptomatic.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.213-220
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• 1992

Simple correlation analysis, factor analysis, and multi-variate analysis have been performed to analyze the relationship between air pollution and meteorological factors for air pollution and meteorological data measured at Kwanghwamun in Seoul during the period of one year(January 1990 $\sim$ December 1990). As a result of simple correlation and factor analysis, $SO_2$, TSP and CO concentrations have shown high negative correlation with temperature and among these indicating that these are related with pollutant emission trend based upon heating fuel usage. Ozone has a good corrleation with solar radiation and relative humidity to have a closed relation with $O_3$ generation reaction mechanism. The result of multi-variate correlation analysis shows that the concentration of $SO_2$ and CO are adequate for correlation model with ambient temperature and wind speed and $O_3$ concentrations are adequate for that with solar radiation and wind speed. $SO_2$ and CO levels are considered to be affected first of all by heating fuel usage as a emssion source and wind speed as a dispersion effect. The $SO_2$ concentration in the condition that the temperature fall below zero is explained by multilicative model with wind speed, only one variable.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.138-141
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• 2006

In developing algorithms to retrieve the sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface wind speed from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) aboard the AQUA and the Advanced Earth Observation Satellite-II (ADEOS-II), data from the SeaWinds aboard ADEOS-II were helpful. Since features of the ocean microwave emission (Tb) related with ocean wind are not well understood, in case of using only AMSR data, combination of AMSR and SeaWinds revealed pronounced features about the ocean Tb. Two results from combinations of the two sensors were shown in this paper. One result was obtained at wind speeds over about 6m/s, in which the ocean Tb varies with the air-sea temperature difference, even though the SeaWinds wind speed is fixed at the same values. The ocean Tb increases as the air-sea temperature difference becomes negative, i.e., the boundary condition becomes unstable. This result indicates that the air temperature should be included in AMSR SST algorithm. The second result was obtained from comparison of two wind speeds between AMSR and SeaWinds. There is a small difference of two wind speeds, which might be related with several mechanisms, such as evaporation and plankton.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.1327-1333
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• 2020

The global warming phenomenon emerges from the issue of climate change, which attracts the attention of intellectuals towards clean energy sources from dirty energy sources. Among clean sources, nuclear energy is getting immense attention among policymakers. However, the role of nuclear energy in pollution emissions reduction has remained inconclusive and demand for further investigation. Therefore, the current study contributes to extend knowledge by investigating the nexus between nuclear energy, economic growth, and CO₂ emissions in a developing country context such as Pakistan for the period between 1973 and 2017. The auto-regressive distributive lag model summarizes the nuclear energy has negative effect on environmental pollution as it releases carbon emission in the environment. Moreover, vector error correction Granger causality provides evidence for bidirectional causality between nuclear energy and carbon emissions. These interesting findings provide new insight, and policy guidelines provided based on these results.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1998.07d
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• pp.1438-1440
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• 1998

In this work, simultaneous measur of space charge and conduction current was c out in LDPE with air gap by Pulsed-Electro-Aco Method. Also, effect of long time charging at con electric field on the formation of space charge conduction was investigated. From the experim results. we knew that the homo space charge formed near the dielectric surfaces and moving the bulk of dielectric as the electric field elevated. This was related with the deep traps b carriers and de trapping by Poole-field lowering conduction current was coincident with the Pool emission. From the long time charging experimen obtained the results that the negative space was moving into the dielectric bulk as the cha continued and the positive space charge accumulated at upper surface of LDPE.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.597-600
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• 2007

PET is one of the most widely used verification methods for evaluation of metastasis on the lymph nodes of the neck in oral cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the correlation between PET findings and histopathologic findings in patients who had been diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma and performed neck dissection. Thirty-four necks in 25 patients had been evaluated on pathologic lymph nodes and the data were compared with preoperative PET scan. The sensitivity of PET at the level of the neck was 72.7%, specificity was 60%, and accuracy was 79.2%. Since FDG-PET show high false-positive results, it should be used with other diagnostic tools for evaluation of lymph node metastasis.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.33-57
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• 2013

This paper test the relationship among determinants of environmental investments, level of environmental investments, eco-efficiency (carbon productivity). The results show that profitability, leverage and R&D costs have a negative impact on environmental investments, and controlling ownership have a positive impact on environmental investments as well as environmental protection costs. The analysis also show that firms increasing environmental investments are able to gain superior environmental performance ($CO_2$ emission), but are negatively relationship with financial performance. Finally, the findings prove that differences exist in the relationship between determinants and effect of environmental investments when grouped by industry characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.200-206
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• 2015

The fishing industry has a negative effect on the environment due to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions with the high use of fossil fuels, the destruction of underwater ecosystems by bottom trawls, reduction in resources by fishing, and altered ecosystem diversity. GHG emissions from fisheries were discussed at the Canc$\acute{u}$n meeting in Mexico in 1992 and are part of the Kyoto protocol in 2005. However, few studies have investigated the GHG emissions from Korean fisheries. To find a way to reduce GHG emissions from fisheries, quantitative analysis of GHG emissions from the Korean fishery industry is needed. Therefore, this study investigated the GHG emissions from the Korean Danish seine fishery using the life cycle assessment (LCA) method. The system boundary and input parameters for each process level are defined for the LCA analysis. The fuel-use coefficient of the fishery is also calculated. The GHG emissions from the representative fish caught by the Danish seine fishery are considered and the GHG emissions for the edible weight of fishes are calculated, considering consumption in different areas and different slaughtering processes. The results will help to understand the GHG emissions from Korean fisheries.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.219-219
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• 1999

플라즈마 이온 주입은 진공 chamber 내에 주입하려는 이온이 포함된 플라즈마를 발생시킨 후 처리하고자 하는 시편에 negative high voltage pulse를 인가함으로써 시편 주위에 형성되어 있는 이온들을 시편에 주입하는 방법이다. 이러한 플라즈마 이온 주입 방법은 금속의 내마모성, 내부식성, 강도 및 경도를 증가시키고, 고분자 화합물의 표면 개질에 있어서 친수성 또는 소수성과 같은 표면 처리를 쉽고 간단하게 처리할 수 있다. 그리고 반도체 공정의 shallow junction doping을 효과적으로 처리할 수 있으며 특히, 대면적의 시편에 균일하게 이온을 주입할 수 있다. 플라즈마 이온 주입 방법에서 중요한 요소는 dose, 즉 이온 주입한 양과 처리하려는 시편에 주입되는 이온의 에너지이다. 여기서, 플라즈마내에 생성된 이온들의 비율을 정확히 안다면 시편에 주입되는 이온의 양과 주입되는 이온의 에너지를 충분히 예견할 수 있다. 질소 플라즈마의 경우에는 N+와 N2+가 생성되므로, 시편에 주입된 질소 이온의 실질적인 이온당 질소 원자수는 1$\times$N+% + 2$\times$N+%가 되고, N2+의 경우는 N+ 주입 에너지의 1/2 로 시편내에 주입되게 된다. 또한 질소 플라즈마의 경우 N2+ 이온이 상대적으로 N+이온보다 많다면 N+가 많은 경우보다 이온 주입 깊이는 얕아지게 된다. 본 실험에서는 Dycor M-100 residual gas analyzer와 potical emission spectrometer (Ocean Optics SQ 2000)를 사용하여 압력과 RF power를 변화시키며 플라즈마내에 생성되어지는 질소 이온의 비율을 측정하였다. 또한 Langmuir probe를 이용하여 속도차에 의한 각 이온들의 존재비율을 계산하였다. 여기에서 질소 가스의 압력이 낮을수록 N+보다 N2+의 존재비율이 높음을 보였다. 이것은 압력이 낮은 영역에서 일반적으로 전자의 평균온도가 높기 때문으로 여겨진다.