• Korean Journal of Health Psychology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.169-187
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• 2011

The present study explored psychosocial characteristics of infants with genital anomalies (GA) and their caregivers against normal controls. Participants were female caregivers and infants between the ages of 6to38months diagnosed with hypospadias(HS;n=103) or cryptorchidism (CR;n=49). Normalcontrols(n=131) were recruited and selected via Internet. Caregivers completed measures on parenting stress, coping style, social support, and infant temperament. Within the GAgroups, HScaregivers reported their greatest parental concerns as infant urination/bodily functioning difficulties whereas CRcaregivers reported worries related to surgical anesthesia issues. Both groups reported concern about their children's potential reproductive problems. Per caregiver report, infants with GA had lower ability to self-soothe. HS infants in particular were perceived as exhibiting greater negative emotion. Compared with controls, HS and CRcaregivers overall employed coping strategies more frequently and had lower interpersonal sensitivity and parental distress. However, HScaregivers emerged as experiencing higher stress when compared to the CRgroup. There were no differences in to tal parenting stress and social support scores between groups. Further, CRcaregivers reported lower levels of family discord than controls. Despite temperament-related differences between infants with GA and normal controls, HS and CRcaregivers reported lower parental distress and greater use of coping skills as compared to controls. Clinical implications are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-29
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• 2005

This research examined the effect of social anxiety on psychological adaptation. Higher the social anxiety, higher in neurotism & worry but lower in Psychological Well-Being and Satisfaction with Life. Among the sub-factors of social anxiety, negative adaptation was significantly predicted by personal anxiety. However positive adaption were predicted by personal anxiety, fairness anxiety and future anxiety. Among the sub-dimensions of social anxiety, negative and positive adaptation were significantly predicted only by anticipatory anxiety. And there were significant positive correlations between social anxiety and aggressive/give-up response. Particularly, personal anxiety was the predictor of aggressive response, but safe anxiety and political anxiety were the predictors of give-up response. The dimension predicted the aggressive/give-up response was anticipatory anxiety dimension. Finally, respondents used problem solving stress coping strategy most. But the respondents whose social anxiety level especially safe anxiety and political anxiety were high used wishful thinking strategy. Moreover higher the reactive anxiety level, more frequently used the avoidance coping strategy.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.49-66
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• 2022

This study intends to examine how the perception of covid-19 risk affects consumers' consumption behavior based on previous studies in a situation where the spread of covid-19 is prolonged. This study demonstrates how consumers' perception of covid-19 risk affects online and offline consumption behavior through the perceived severity, perceived vulnerability, coping effectiveness, and self-efficacy of the revised protective motivation theory (Rogers, 1983). We want to test it through analysis. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, consumers living in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province who have purchased within the past 3 months were selected as a sample. In addition, variable data such as risk perception of covid-19, perceived severity, perceived vulnerability, coping effectiveness, self-efficacy, online purchase attitude and purchase intention, offline purchase attitude and purchase intention were collected through the questionnaire.A total of 363 copies of valid responses were tested to test the hypothesis of the relationship between variables through the covariance structure model. The analysis results of this study were first, that covid-19 risk perception had a significant positive (+) effect on perceived severity, perceived vulnerability, and coping effectiveness. Second, perceived severity and perceived vulnerability were found to have a significant positive (+) effect on offline purchasing attitude. Third, perceived severity, perceived vulnerability, coping plan effectiveness, and self-efficacy were all found to have significant positive (+) effects on online purchase attitude. Finally, it was found that offline purchase attitude and online purchase attitude had a significant positive (+) effect on offline purchase intention and online purchase intention, respectively. Also, it was found that online purchase attitude had a negative (-) effect on offline purchase intention. The results of this analysis will provide meaningful implications for the establishment of strategies for distribution channels according to the social risk of infectious diseases.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 1998

Various difficulties and inconveniences arise from having a mentally handicapped child in a family and these place many demands on mothers. There are few studies in Korea on these demands nor on what mothers go through with their mentally handicapped daughters' menarche and puberty. The purpose of the study was to examine the experiences of mothers of mentally handicapped daughters, as it relates to their daughters' menarche and the beginning of puberty. With indepth interviews, both in person and by telephone and participant observation the study used a qualitative research methodology to attempt to understand the experiences of these mothers. The data were gathered from October 1995 to April 1996. The subjects for the research included nine mothers of mentally handicapped daughters whose ages ranged from 12 to 18 and who attended one of three special schools located in either Inchon or Seoul. The data were recorded and analyzed : meaningful statements were grouped according to subjects raised by the mothers. Content Analysis was also applied to identify similar content and confirm common experiences. and to highlight concepts and categorized them. The results of this study are as follows. Five categories were identified : mothers' emotional responses to their mentally handicapped daughters' menarche and menstration were of severe despair accompanied by anxiety, guilt, fear, anguish, shame and pity because the mothers were afraid their daughters would not be able to use appropriate hygienic measures during menstration and the mothers felt heavily burdened in having to look them. The mothers also had negative feelings about their daughters' physical development. The experience of mothers related to their daughters' possibilities for marriage and pregnancy were of powerlessness, distress, withdrawal, fear. pity and desperation and they were afraid that their daughters might be violated sexually. The mothers rejected the possibility of marriage and pregnancy for their daughters and instead planned very restricting futures for them. The mothers used various coping methods to bring meaning to their lives. Because the negative emotional responses of the mothers. nurses need to work to empower mothers to overcome these negative responses. Sex education can also play an important role especially for the daughters especially through the use of visual aids. Further, nurses should understand the tearing difficulties of mentally handicapped daughters, what mothers need and also what they experience with their mentally handicapped daughters. In conclusion, nurses should understand the negative experiences of the mothers in relation to their mentally handicapped daughters' menarche, help the mothers cope with the negative. emotions through real life education and counselling. In addition, there is a need for nursing interventions and an administrative system which will minimize the prejudices of society towards handicapped people.

• The Journal of Korean Institute for Practical Engineering Education
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.91-98
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• 2009

In approach of human-robot interaction, it is importance task in future robot industry to make to robot recognize, express, coping the emotions. The purpose of this study was to examination the effects unconscious positive and negative emotion of information processing of motor program. 13 participants(male=11, female=2) viewed smile-face picture and angry-face picture priming at 10ms level, and then performanced button press, button press and one tennis ball hitting, and button press and two tennis ball hitting task. The results appeared that positive emotion triggered more fast RT than negative emotion in planning complex motor program. Possible explanations for the performance differences depended on emotion are discussed and future research directions were provided.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.1184-1193
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship of uncertainty, hope and quality of life in patients with breast cancer. Method: The subjects of the study were 113 breast cancer patients treated at 3 university hospitals in Daegu and Busan from June 1 to September 30, 2003. Uncertainty was measured by the Mishel Uncertainty in Il1ness Scale (MUIS), Hope was measured by Nowotny's Hope Scale, and quality of life by Ro's Korean Quality of Life(QOL). Data was analyzed with the SPSS program by t-test, ANOVA, Spearman's rank correlation and Multiple Regression Analysis. Result: The scores of uncertainty were negatively correlated with hope and QOL(all p's<0.05). Uncertainty revealed that there was a negative correlation among subitems of hope such as confidence, relationship with others, possibility of future, and inner motivation(r=-.333, p=.000; r=-.230, p=.015; r=-.260, p=.006; r=-.291, p=.003). Uncertainty also showed a negative correlation among subitems of QOL such as emotional status, self esteem, and relationship with family(r=-.29, p=.004; r=-.326, p=.000; r=-.197, p=.044), whereas hope revealed a positive correlation among subitems of QOL such as emotional status, self esteem, relationship with neighbor, and relationship with family(r=.243, p=.011; r=.487, p=.000; r=.29, p=.001; r=.29, p=.001). The score of uncertainty was low in graduate school students and subjects using problem solving as a coping method. However, the score of hope was high in college students and subjects using a problem solving method, and the score of QOL was high in professionals. Conclusion: Based on the study results, breast cancer patients experienced living with uncertainty and maintaining hope. Thus the study's findings can be useful in directing a comprehensive nursing care plan to improve QOL of breast cancer patients.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1101-1110
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• 2003

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to identify the stage of change of smoking cessation behavior and investigate factors associated with the stage of smoking cessation behavior according to the transtheoretical model. Methods. The participants, 297 smokers & quitters were selected by a stratified random sampling from 127 high school sophomore students in B city. Data were collected from April 6th to 16th, in 2002 using the structured self-report questionnaire. Results. The subjects were distributed in each stage of change of smoking cessation behavior: there were 46 subjects (15.5%) in precontemplation, 73 subjects (24.6%) in contemplation, 67 subjects(22.3%) in preparation, 56 subjects (18.5%) in action, 55 subjects (18.5%) in maintenance. Compared to the precontemplation and contemplation, people in preparation tended to smoke daily more and smoked for a shorter time, and as precontemplation progressed to the maintenance, past 1 year smoking cessation frequency increased and friends smoking decreased. Smoking onset age was the earliest in preparation, and the latest in maintenance. Helping relationships and self relationships are used a lot in precontemplation and also in contemplation. In preparation, self liberation and helping relationships are used a lot, in action, self liberation and helping relationships, and in maintenance, self liberation and environmental reevaluation. At each stage, the score of negative affect situation was the highest, but the one of negative affect situation, positive social situation, habitual strength, weight control decreased as precontemplation progressed to the maintenance. While the score of social pros and coping pros decreased with increasing stage, the one of cons tended to increase. Through stepwise discriminant analysis, it was found that social pros, smoking onset age, delf-libration were the most influencing powers among factors associated with the stages of smoking cessation behavior. Conclusions. This study suggested that, in developing an effective smoking cessation intervention for adolescents, all the stage of a client's cessation had to be assessed prior to applying intervention programs. In addition, the results of this study will become a pillar of smoking cessation program planning and application.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the teachers’attitudes toward the middle and high school student uniform. The questionnaire included independent variables about teacher themselves and school surroundings, and questions about teachers’attitudes toward school uniform. The participants were 316 middle and high school teachers in Chonbuk province. Means, standard deviations, frequencies, and percentages were calculated. ANOVA test was used for differences and scheffe-test was followed. The results were: 1. Teachers were content with “Students in uniform are upright and look more studentlkie.”“It’s easy to supervise students outdoors.”, and “There’s few efficiencies in coping with the temperature alternating.”, “Students in uniform hardly can reveal their originality.”and “It’s inconvenient for the students to be dynamic in uniform.” 2. Teachers in high schools and in private schools showed more positive attitudes toward uniform. And the male teachers, teachers graduated from general college, married teachers, and teachers who have a career of more than 20 years showed more positive attitudes toward uniform. More variables concerned about teacher themselves showed more significant differences than those about school surroundings. 3. Most of teachers showed positive attitudes toward uniform. The rank order of the reasons for the teacher’s positive attitudes were “Students in uniform are upright and look more studentlike.”, “It’s easy to supervise students outdoors.”, and “There’s no noticible distinction between the rich and the poor students.”The rank order of the reason for the teachers’negative at titudes were “Student in uniform could hardly reveal their originality.”, “It’s inconvenient for the student to be dynamic in uniform.”, and ”As they have to get the street clothes besides, economic burden becomes double in reality.”4. More than half of the teachers who are working at schools with uniform showed positive attitudes toward uniform. The rank order of reasons for the teachers’positive attitudes were “Students in uniform are upright and look more studentlike.”,“It’s easy to supervise students outdoors.”and “Economic burden could be decreased.”“The rank order of the reasons for the negative attitudes were “It’s inconvenient for the student to be dynamic in uniform.”, “Students in uniform could hardly reveal their originality.”, and “Students cannot feel free in mind with uniform.”5. Teachers overall showed positive attitudes toward uniform whether they work ar schools with uniform or without it.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.223-231
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand terminal cancer patient's experiences of home-based hospice care. Methods: The data were collected from July 2011 through September 2010. Data were collected from 10 terminal cancer patients who received home-based hospice care services and by using in-depth interview. The data were analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method. Results: Data were classified by 25 themes comprising 14 theme clusters and five categories. The five categories were 'life quality deterioration', 'appreciation', 'acceptance of the rest of their lives', 'Prepared for death with religion', 'negative coping'. Conclusion: Systematic hospice care should be provided to understand life experience of patients with terminal cancer who receive home-based hospice care, to help them overcome negative experiences and grow a positive perspective.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.125-134
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• 2006

This study was carried out to confirm the arguments that the role of the parents in sampling blood specimens from their children should be increased to reduce the anxiety and fear of children. The support and confidence of the parents, the reaction of the children and the subsequent action by phlebotomists should help to make an efficient sampling process for children. We randomly selected 50 children and their parents and had them fill out questionnaires before and after phlebotomy. The results were: 1. Detailed explanation by parents made children more active in sampling; 2. Higher confidence levels made parents more active in supporting children and relieving them from pain; 3. Confidence levels were higher in male children than in female children; 4. The confidence levels of parents were higher in parents of children with experience of multiple samplings and the highest level of confidence was observed in parents of children aged 61 to 120 months; 5. Only children showed the highest reaction level and very negative reactions; 6. The reaction of the phlebotomist was positive with children in good moods and negative with ones in bad moods. These results could serve as a basic tool in coping with children in phlebotomy.