• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.43-51
• /
• 2004

Objectives : In order to ensure safe acupuncture treatment, the quality of the needle tip is essential. But, there have not been so many studies about the quality of the acupuncture needle tip. For this reason we have been already reported about the quality of acupuncture needle tip in Korea using scanning electron microscope(SEM) in 2002, 2003. In order to compare than other society, we investigated the current condition of the tips of the acupuncture needles sold in Europe. Methods : We obtained the needles made by 7 companies, which are sold currently in Europe, and selected 50 pieces out of 100 pieces from each company by randomized methods. And then we observed the tip of each needle using a scanning electron microscope at ${\times}800$ magnification. Results and Discussion : We found that needles had several defects such as scratch marks on the surface, metallic scuff, lumps and irregularities of the needle tips, stubbed or malformed tips, tips of point off-center, peeled off coated tips, same as Korean needles. There was much difference on the quality of needles among the manufacturers, and some needles seem to need thorough quality control. Allowing for the high price, the quality of some needle in Europe generally are better than that of Korean needles. But some Korean needles hold a top position than European ones in quality. We want a good industrial standard to be made in acupuncture manufacturing fields in the near future, because the safety is not less valuable than the efficacy in medicine.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.51-61
• /
• 2009

Objective: Much has been known that the systematical theory of acupuncture was developed from stone needle as therapeutic tools for orthopedic diseases in ancient times. Stone needle is very old therapeutic method like moxibustion and has been recognized that it was developed since the Stone Age in China so far. In the present study, it was examined for the origination and formation of stone needle based on stone relics of the Stone Age in Korean Peninsular, the medical and geographical literatures. Materials and methods: The facts of stone needle was examined and arranged on the ancient medical or geographical literatures such as The Yellow Emperor's Canon Internal Medicine, Shanhaijing as an ancient geographical book, etc. The clan societies and family related to an origination of stone needle was chased together with their cultural characteristics and origination. The stone relics which have been digged out of historic sites in the North-East Asia were examined for a relevance to stone needle. Results: In The Yellow Emperor's Canon Internal Medicine, it was referred to the stone needle that originated from a fishery zone related to the east coast district in North-East Asia. Through the examination of Shan Hai Jing as an ancient geographical book and its historical reviews, a Go-yi clan society who keep Go's family tree dealt well with the stone needle and jewels including jade in the North-East Asia before the publication periods of The Yellow Emperor's Canon Internal Medicine, and is comprised in the culture of Dong-yi clan society but not the Chinese culture. The obsidian stones, which have been digged out of historical sites in the North-East Asia since the Stone Age, are originated from volcanic areas combined with seashore that seems to be Baekdu mountain district in Korea and Kyushu district in Japan. Furthermore, obsidian stone tools which were found out at Laodung peninsula and the Korean peninsula are archeologically similar to the stone needle with regards to the shape, size and dual-use. In addition, specific obsidian stone tools have been used in orthopedic surgery as well-crafted obsidian blades have a cutting edge up to five times sharper than high-quality steel surgical scalpels. Conclusion: The origin of obsidian stone needle is well corresponded to the explanation about that of the stone needle. It is suggested that the stone needle which influenced in completion of acupuncture and Meridian theory in China seems to be an obsidian stone, and distribution of obsidian stone needle has been closely connected to Dong-yi clan society which are lived in the North-East Asia including Baekdu-mountain district.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
• /
• 제18권12호
• /
• pp.1069-1074
• /
• 2005

In this work, nano-needle structures ate formed to solve problem, related to low density of quantum dots for nano floating gate memory. Such structures ate fabricated and electrical properties' of MIS devices fabricated on the nano-structures are studied. Nano floating gate memory based on quantum dot technologies Is a promising candidate for future non-volatile memory devices. Nano-structure is fabricated by reactive ion etching using $SF_6$ and $O_2$ gases in parallel RF plasma reactor. Surface morphology was investigated after etching using scanning electron microscopy Uniform and packed deep nano-needle structure is established under optimized condition. Photoluminescence and capacitance-voltage characteristics were measured in $Al/SiO_2/Si$ with nano-needle structure of silicon. we have demonstrated that the nano-needle structure can be applicable to non-volatile memory device with increased charge storage capacity over planar structures.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.326-332
• /
• 2000

In order to investigate the possibility of functional property improvement of meat products, four kinds of pork patties were prepared with water 10% as control, mugwort extract 10%, pine needle extract 10% and fatsia leaf extract 10%, respectively. In case of control moisture content was higher, but crude fat was lower, compared to patties treated with plant extracts. Crude ash content of pine needle extract treatment showed higher level than that of other patties. pH range of patties revealed to 5.92∼5.978. In raw patties Hunter's L-and a-value of control were higher than those of plant extract treatment, and a-value of raw patties showed higher level than that of cooked. Yield, water holding capacity, salt soluble protein extractability and gel strength among patties did not show significant differences. In control patty, fat retention was lower compared to other plant extract treatments, but water soluble protein extractability was higher compared to pine needle. Values such as hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness were not significantly different among the patties. In sensory scores such as aroma, juiciness and palatability, significant differences were not observed among cooked patties, but texture score was higher in the order pine needle, mugwort, fatsia leaf and control.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
• /
• 제8권5호
• /
• pp.191-195
• /
• 2007

We investigated photoluminescence characteristics of ZnO nano needle-like rods grown on a c-plane $AL_2O_3$ substrate by the hot wall epitaxy method. The nano-rods were vertically well aligned along the ZnO c-axis. The diameters of the ZnO nano-rods ranged from 20 nm to 30 nm and their lengths were between 600 and 700 nm. In the photoluminescence spectrum at 10 K, the exciton emission bound to the neutral donor dominated while defect related emission was weakly observed. With a further increase of temperature, the free exciton emission appeared and eventually became dominant at room temperature.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.164-173
• /
• 2006

In the electro-hydraulic injector for the common rail Diesel fuel injection system, the injection nozzle is being opened and closed by movement of a injector's needle which is balanced by pressure at the nozzle seat and at the needle control chamber, at the opposite end of the needle. In this study, the piezo actuator was considered as a prime movers in high pressure Diesel injector. Namely a piezo-driven Diesel injector, as a new method driven by piezoelectric energy, has been applied with a purpose to develop the analysis model of the piezo actuator to predict the dynamics characteristics of the hydraulic component(injector) by using the AMESim code. Aimed at simulating the hydraulic behavior of the piezo-driven injector, the circuit model has been developed and verified by comparison with the experimental results. As this research results, we found that the input voltage exerted on piezo stack is the dominant factor which affects on the initial needle behavior of piezo-driven injector than the hydraulic force generated by the constant injection pressure. Also we know the piezo-driven injector has more degrees of freedom in controlling the injection rate with the high pressure than a solenoid-driven injector.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.31-36
• /
• 2009

가문비나무의 유전자원 보존 전략 수립을 위해 3개 집단의 지리적 위치에 따른 침엽의 7가지 형태적 특성에 대한 변이를 조사하고 다변량분석을 실시하였다. 침엽의 평균생장은 침엽길이 15.11 mm, 침엽폭 1.43 mm, 침엽두께 0.42mm, 침엽길이/폭 10.9, 침엽폭/두께 3.6, 유관속과 수지구와의 거리 0.47, 기공열수 17.4개로 나타났다. Nested 분산분석 결과 유관속과 수지구와의 거리 특성을 제외한 6가지 양적특성들에서 집단간 및 집단 내 개체 간에 유의적인 차이를 보였으며, 대부분의 형질들은 총 분산 가운데 집단 내 개체 간 보다는 집단간 차지하는 비율이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 7가지 양적특성들에 대한 집단간 유연관계는 거리지수 0.4에서 계방산집단이 지리산과 덕유산집단과는 별개의 상이한 그룹을 형성하였으며, 유집군의 유형은 제2주성분까지가 전체 변이의 100%를 설명하였다.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제40권3호
• /
• pp.112-138
• /
• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to organize the research methods and results of studies related to the temperature of the warm needle for systematic utilization of warm needling technique. Methods: This study used the databases of nine (Pubmed, Science Direct, Cochrane Central, 4 Korean databases, CNKI, CiNii) to analyze temperature-related studies of the warm needle from 2000 to June 2019. Results: A total of 19 papers were included. Of these, 15 were used for mugwort, 2 for high frequency, and 1 for both mugwort and high frequency, and the other one for a ceramic heater. The maximum temperature rises as the amount of moxibustion increases. It is also affected by the density of moxa and the ignition part. There were 16 papers using stainless steel needles and 4 papers using a needle made of gold or silver to compare. In the area of the needle, the closer it is to moxibustion, the hotter it is. Compared to stainless steel needles, gold and silver needles showed almost twice the temperature. The effects of environment and radiant heat should be considered during warm needle procedures. Conclusions: There are various experimental methods such as warm needle technique materials, methods, measuring parts, measuring instruments, etc. The results were also very diverse. When setting the heating source, ignition part, size of moxibustion, etc. of warm needles, it should be implemented in a way that takes safety and validity into account. Considerations for temperature characteristics, radiant heat, etc. of warm needles will be needed when making warm needle apparatus.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.5 No.1
• /
• pp.477-480
• /
• 2004

In other to estimate an electrical properties of the cross linked polyethylene cable, the partial discharge properties due to charge of electrode shape(needle and bar) and void size were investigated at room temperature. Fast trip and breakdown time were appeared by the closed of needle electrode. The trip and breakdown voltage depend on insulator thickness. As the result, confirmed larger effect of void size than effect of insulator thickness. The effect of voids size than influence of insulation thickness was dominated by internal an electrode of inner insulators.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.334-337
• /
• 1997

This paper describes dielectric characteristics of SF$_{6}$ gas stressed by the non-oscillating and oscillating impulse voltages in inhomogeneous fields disturbed by metallic protrusion. The breakdown voltage-time (V-t) characteristics and breakdown voltage-gas pressure (V-p) characteristics and their characteristics are statistically investigated with positive and negative very fast transient overvoltages. The experiments were carried out using a needle-to-plane gap geometry in the gas pressure ranges from 0.1 to 0.5 MPa. The gap separation gas 22 mm, and the needle-shaped protrusions were made of stainless steel 10 mm in length and 1.0 mm in diameter.r.