• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.71-74
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• 2013

Neck mass is a common manifestation from head and neck malignancy, most of which come from mucosal squamous cell carcinomas in the upper aero-digestive tract. However, once aspiration cytology suggests atypical malignant cells in the neck mass rather than metastatic squamous cell carcinomas, it is confusing to decide the adequate diagnostic work-ups and treatment planning. Here, we report a 29-year-old woman presenting with a growing neck mass mimicking malignancy of unknown origin, which was finally diagnosed as primary lymphoepithelial carcinoma in the parotid gland with multiple metastases to the lymph nodes. The patient underwent comprehensive neck dissection and total parotidectomy and the adjuvant radiation treatment was given. Our report highlight that the primary salivary gland cancer should be considered as the potential tumor origin in case of malignancy of unknown origin in the head and neck region and neck mass suggestive of atypical carcinomas.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.20-34
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• 2016

Background: It is necessary to find and develop the effective way of intervention for patients with neck pain, since the neck pain is becoming increasingly common throughout the world. To identify the altered motor control in patient with neck pain would be informative to find and develop the effective way of intervention. Objects: The aim of this study was to review literature regarding the altered motor control in patients with neck pain, measured by using surface electromyography (sEMG), ultrasonography, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and to suggest prospective research work on neck pain. Methods: Case-control (neck pain/healthy) studies published between 2004 and 2015 that investigated neck muscle activation, thickness, cross-sectional area, and fat infiltrate were searched in Scopus, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. Twenty-eight articles were included in this study. Results: sEMG, ultrasonography, and fMRI were used complementarily to investigate the altered superficial and deep neck muscle activation, thickness, cross-sectional area, and fat infiltrate in patients with neck pain. They showed the following altered motor control when compared retrospectively with healthy subjects or during specific functional tasks: (1) increased superficial muscle activation, (2) lesser deep muscle thickness, (3) smaller cross-sectional area of the deep muscle, and (4) greater fat infiltrate in deep muscles. In particular, among the women, the office workers showed higher muscle activation of superficial neck muscles during functional tasks, although they did not have neck pain, than those who were not office workers. Conclusion: Studies revealed that patients with neck pain showed an altered motor control when compared with healthy subjects by using various assessment modalities. Understanding this phenomenon would help researchers design an effective intervention for alleviating neck pain or to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. In addition, we recommend that female office workers take measures to care for their necks before developing neck pain.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.29-40
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• 2019

PURPOSE: Despite the widespread occurrence in the general population, few studies have directly evaluated the effects of shingles on non-specific neck pain (NSNP). This study investigated whether sensory training or therapeutic stretching exercises are more effective in increasing neck mobility and reducing neck pain in chronic NSNP patients. METHODS: Eighty-one subjects aged between 20 and 32 years with chronic neck pain (> six months), were allocated randomly to three groups: sensorimotor training group (STG), therapeutic stretching group (TSG), and home exercise group (HEG). All participants received a half-hour training session, three times weekly for six weeks. The outcomes were evaluated using the neck disability index for measuring neck pain, and a universal goniometer to measure the cervical passive range of motion before and after the six-week intervention. RESULTS: The post-test neck disability index scores in the STG (t = 4.86) and TSG (t = 3.24) were decreased significantly (p < .05). The passive range of motion changes in all cervical movements in the STG was increased significantly (p < .05) after intervention compared to those in the other two groups. CONCLUSION: Sensorimotor training using chin tuck exercises may improve neck pain and mobility in subjects with chronic NSNP.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 2010

Background: Pediatric deep neck infection can cause critical complications in that they are seldom able to verbalize symptoms or cooperate with physical examination. The objective of this study is to identify the clinical characteristics according to age. Material and Method: A retrospective study was performed on 26 cases with pediatric deep neck infection during 12 years. Patients were classified infancy group (1-7 yr, 19.2%), preschool age group (7-15 yr, 30.8%) and school age group (15 yr-, 50%). We analyzed the age, sex, sites of abscess, predisposing factors, symptoms and compared onset, hospital date, laboratory and outcomes at each group. Results: In pediatric patients with deep neck infection, the age distribution was 18 males (69.2%) and 8 females (30.8%), the mean age was 7.4 years. The most common infection site was the anterior cervical triangle and submandibular space (19.2%). The most commonly known associated preceding disease was upper viral infection (34.6%), but we could not find the preceding diseases in most of cases (50%). Neck swelling (69.2%) was the most frequent symptom. The mean age of patients who performed neck CT was 8.23 years and neck US was 2.75 years. The younger patients were preferred to perform the neck US than the neck CT (p=0.022). The mean time from disease onset to admission was 9 days in the infancy, 5.5 days in the preschool aged and 5 days in the school aged group. The surgical treatment was performed in 30.8% of school aged, 62.5% of preschool aged and 100% of infancy group. Surgical treatment was preferred to younger patients (p=0.026). Conclusion: Abscess sites, size, and antibiotics susceptibility and especially patient age should be carefully considered in treating pediatric deep neck infection.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

This study compared the stability of the cervical spine according to the presence of neck pain and deep neck flexor performance. Thirty subjects with neck pain, and thirty subjects without neck pain were recruited for this study. The Cranio-cervical flexion (CCF) test was applied using a pressure biofeedback unit to classify the subjects into four subgroups; no cervical pain and good deep neck flexor performance (NG group), no cervical pain and poor deep neck flexor performance (NP group), cervical pain and good deep neck flexor performance (PG group), and cervical pain and poor deep neck flexor performance (PP group). The head sway angle was measured using a three-dimensional motion analysis system. A 3-kg weight was used for external perturbation with the subject sitting in a chair in the resting and erect head positions with voluntary contraction of the deep neck flexors. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed with a Bonferroni post hoc test. The deep neck flexor performance differed significantly among the four groups (p<.05). The NG group had significantly greater deep neck flexor performance than NP and PP groups. The stability of the cervical spine also differed significantly among the four groups in the resting head position (p<.05). The head sway angle was significantly smaller in NG group as compared with the other groups. The PP group had the greatest head sway angle in the resting head position. However, there was no significant difference in the stability of the cervical spine among the groups in the erect head position with voluntary contraction of deep neck flexors (p=.57). The results of this study suggest that the deep neck flexor performance is important for maintaining the stability of cervical spine from external perturbation.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 1997

Background: Supraglottic and hypopharyngeal regions drain into the upper deep cervical lymph nodes. And bilateral neck node metastasis is frequently occured especially, in the early stage. It influences on the prognosis of above diseases. The prognosis for patients wih supraglottic and hypopharyngeal cancers, although usually poor, has improved by modern imaging technique, better application of treatment modalities, increasing assortment of reconstructive procedures and improved application of radiation therapy. Objectives: This study was designed to obtain objective data about the patterns of neck node metastasis and to identify the necessity of elective bilateral neck dissection. Material and Methods: Twenty four patients with supraglottic cancer and twenty six patients with hypopharyngeal cancer were investigated from the chart review. Results: In supraglottic cancer, the most frequent sites of neck metastasis is level II (52.9%) and level III (52.9%) in ipsilateral side, level II (29.4%) in contralateral side, in hypopharyngeal cancer, level II (73.7%) and III (52.6%) in ipsilateral side, level II (10.5%) in contralateral side. In elective neck dissection, the occult metastasis is about 50% in supraglottic cancer, but there is no occult metastasis in hypopharyngeal cancer. Conclusion: In supraglottic cancer, elective bilateral neck dissection is necessary because of early contralateral neck metastasis, but in hypopharyngeal cancer, elective contralateral neck dissection may not be always necessary because of rare occult metastasis and contralateral neck metastasis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.35-41
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• 2008

The purposes of this study lied in the analysis and classification of neck-base circumference shapes of the women in their twenties, by the application of three-dimensional automatic measurement data of human body, and thereby in the understanding of neck-base circumference shapes by the classified type. The findings are as follows: 1. The comparison of three-dimensional human body measurement items relating to the neck-base circumference part of the women in their twenties indicated that the largest individual difference was found in cervicale-center-anterior neck radius than in other items. 2. The factor analysis, which was conducted to extract the factors constituting the neck-base circumference, showed the shape of cervicale(factor 1), the shape of section neck(factor 2), the thickness of neck(factor 3), the shape of anterior neck(factor 4), and the shape of side neck(factor 5). 3. The classification of the neck-base circumference shapes resulted in three types. Type 1 was the shape of a reverse triangle hanging forward, Type 2 was that of a circle, and Type 3 was that of an oval open to the sides.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 2009

Objectives : In $CO_2$ laser surgery for supraglottic cancer, neck dissection is generally done in second stage. We investigated simultaneous neck dissection with primary resection could be available in laser supraglottic surgery. Material and Methods : We analyzed 13 patients with supraglottic cancer who were treated with transoral supraglottic laryngectomy and simultaneous neck dissection from 2001 to 2007. Tumor stage, extent of laser surgery, histological results, survival rate, local control rate, complications, and functional results were reviewed. Results : 5-year local control rate, survival rate and disease specific survival rate from the neck was 100%, 69.9%, 100% respectively. Tracheotomy was done in all 13 cases. One patient had a long tracheotomy indwelling (191 days). In the rest of 12 patients average decanulation time was 7.4 days(1-22 days). Nasogastric tube was inserted in 5 cases, and average oral intake was possible in 3.5 days(1-16 days). Average hospital days was 29.7 days. There was no serious complication associated with neck dissection. Conclusion : Simultaneous neck dissection with primary laser resection for supraglottic cancer is oncologic sound and can be performed without significant surgical morbidity.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.265-270
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• 2017

Purpose: This study examined the effects of neck stabilization exercises with vibratory stimulation on the neck disability index and thickness of the deep neck flexor. Methods: Thirty subjects (control group=15, experimental group=15) with mild neck pain were enrolled in the study. The control group underwent craniocervical flexion exercise (control group, CG) and the experimental group was given craniocervical flexion exercise with vibratory stimulus (experimental group, EG) (3 sets, 3 times per week for 6 weeks). To examine the effects of exercise, the subjects were evaluated using the neck disability index (NDI), the thickness of the deep neck flexor muscle, and muscle strength. An independent and paired t-test were used to compare the effects of the exercise between the groups. Results: The NDI score of the two groups increased significantly after 6 weeks of treatment (p<0.001) and there was a significant difference between the EG group at 3 weeks (p<0.05) and 6 weeks (p<0.01). The thickness of the deep neck flexor in the CG group increased significantly after 6 weeks of treatment in all pressure stages (p<0.001). The EG group showed a significant increase after 3 and 6 weeks of treatment in all pressure stage (p<0.001), and 22 mmHg, a significant difference between 3 and 6 weeks (p<0.05) and among 24, 28, and 30 mmHg at 6 weeks (p<0.05). The maximum muscle strength of the deep neck flexion muscles increased significantly in the two groups after 6 weeks of treatment (p<0.001) and there was significant difference between the EG group at 6 weeks (p<0.01). Conclusion: Craniocervical flexion exercise with vibratory stimulus decreases the NDI, and increases the thickness of the deep neck flexor and maximum muscle strength of the deep neck flexion muscles in patients with mild neck pain.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.260-262
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• 1998

Metastatic squamous carcinoma of the head and neck may rarely present as a cyst in the cervical region. The true incidence of metastatic cystic neck mass is unknown. It is difficult to differentiate metastatic cystic neck mass from congenital cystic neck mass with physical examination and fine needle aspiration biopsy. So the differential diagnosis is dependent on the age of the patient, and therefore in the patient over the 40 years of age, the possibility of a metastatic neck mass should be considered. We report a metastatic cystic neck mass which had been misdiagnosed as a branchial cleft cyst.