• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.304-310
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• 2019

Purpose: This study examined the work-related musculoskeletal pain and quality of life of hospital workers. Methods: Self-reported questionnaires were sent to 350 hospital workers at Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, of which 341 were returned. The questionnaire had four items that covered the demographic information, areas of musculoskeletal problems, pain rating scale, and quality of life. The analysis was completed using descriptive statistic, and the differences between pain and demographic variables were identified using a chi-square test. The differences between the type of occupation and quality of life were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and a Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The 12-month prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal pain was 86.1% of physical therapists, 86.5% of occupational therapists, 77.1% of dental hygienists, and 75.8% of nurses. A significant difference in the general and work related variables was observed between the subject with a physical burden and type of occupation. The most affected pain sites of the physical therapist included low back, hand and wrist, shoulder, and neck. The occupational therapists included the hand and wrist, shoulder, neck, but the nurses and dental hygienists reported the shoulder, back, hand and wrist. A significant difference in the quality of life was noted between the subjects in physical therapists and dental hygienists and the subjects in the nurses and occupational therapists (p=0.00). Conclusion: These findings show that hospital workers appear to be high risk for work-related musculoskeletal pain, and the quality of life of physical therapists and nurses was higher than that of dental hygienists and occupational therapists.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.217-221
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• 2017

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of internal fixation with locking T-plates for osteoporotic fractures of the proximal humerus in patients aged 65 years and older. Methods: From January 2007 through to December 2015, we recruited 47 patients aged 65 years and older with osteoporotic fractures of the proximal humerus. All fractures had been treated using open reduction and internal fixation with a locking T-plate. We classified the fractures in accordance to the Neer classification system; At the final follow-up, the indicators of clinical outcome-the range of motion of the shoulder (flexion, internal rotation, and external rotation) and the presence of postoperative complications-and the indicators of radiographic outcome-the time-to-union and the neck-shaft angle of the proximal humerus-were evaluated. The Paavolainen method was used to grade the level of radiological outcome in the patients. Results: The mean flexion was $155.0^{\circ}$ (range, $90^{\circ}-180^{\circ}$), the mean internal rotation was T8 (range, T6-L2), and the mean external rotation was $66.8^{\circ}$ (range, $30^{\circ}-80^{\circ}$). Postoperative complications, such as plate impingement, screw loosening, and varus malunion were observed in five patient. We found that all patients achieved bone union, and the mean time-to-union was 13.5 weeks of the treatment. The mean neck-shaft angle was $131.4^{\circ}$ at the 6-month follow-up. According to the Paavolainen method, "good" and "fair" radiographic results each accounted for 38 and 9 of the total patients, respectively. Conclusions: We concluded that locking T-plate fixation leads to satisfactory clinical and radiological outcomes in elderly patients with proximal humeral fractures by providing a larger surface area of contact with the fracture and a more rigid fixation.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.5-11
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• 2003

Thoracic outlet syndrome is actually a collection of syndromes brought about by abnormal compression of the neurovascular bundle by bony, ligamentous or muscular obstacles between the cervical spine and the lower border of the axilla. First of all a syndrome is defined as a group of signs and symptoms that collectively characterize or indicate a particular disease or abnormal condition. The neurovascular bundle which can suffer compression consists of the brachial plexus plus the C8 and T1 nerve roots and the subclavian artery and vein. The brachial plexus is the network of motor and sensory nerves which innervate the arm, the hand, and the region of the shoulder girdle. The vascular component of the bundle, the subclavian artery and vein transport blood to and from the arm. the hand. the shoulder girdle and the regions of the neck and head. The bony, ligamentous, and muscular obstacles all define the cervicoaxillary canal or the thoracic outlet and its course from the base of the neck to the axilla or arm pit. Look at the scheme of this region and it all becomes more easily understood. Compression occurs when the size and shape of the thoracic outlet is altered. The outlet can be altered by exercise, trauma, pregnancy, a congenital anomaly, an exostosis, postural weakness or changes. Thoracic outlet syndrome has been described as occurring in a diverse population. It is most often the result of poor or strenuous posture but can also result from trauma or constant muscle tension in the shoulder girdle. The first step to beginning any treatment begins with a trip to the doctor. Make a list of all of the symptoms which seem to be present even if the sensations are vague. Make a note of what activities and positions produce or alleviate the symptoms and the time of day when symptoms are worst. Also, note when the symptoms first appeared. This list is important and should also include any questions one may have.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.853-865
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• 2012

This study has analyzed body size of adult women between 20~59 years old in 2010 conducted by Size Korea and the study method is as follow. (1) Distribution ratio of bust circumference per age and distribution ratio of differences of bust drops were analyzed. (2) Analysis of one-way design of experiment was carried out for 20 items of body sizes according to differences of bust drops with regard to age groups of 20 and 40 years old in consideration of tourists who are unspecified target and for the whole ages groups. (3) Comparison analysis of 20 items of body sizes per bust circumference and according to level of differences of bust drops was carried out and (4) t-test of the two groups based on the standard of 12.5 cm of the differences of bust drops was conducted and was analyzed. Tthe differences of bust drops below 10 cm were reduced according to ages. 12.5 cm was the most in the group of ages of 20s and under 7.5 cm was reduced as ages were higher. Body items according to the differences of bust drops per ages had meaningful differences between groups except (acromion height-axilla height), height and shoulder length for the group of ages of 20s and in the whole ages groups, there was meaningful difference between groups in all items except height and shoulder length. Comparisons according to the differences of bust drops per section of 5 cm of bust circumference showed meaningful differences between groups in general in items of BMI, bust point-bust point, neck circumference, bust circumference, underbust circumference, neck point to bust point and weight. As the result of comparing the two groups of the differences of bust drops based on the standard of 12.5 cm, all had meaningful differences except stature and shoulder length.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.164-170
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• 2005

Purpose: The present study attempted to find subjective musculoskeletal symptoms of operating room nurses (OR nurses) and then to use them as basic data for prevention and management of musculoskeletal symptoms of OR nurses. Method: This study was an exploratory research, and data were collected from OR nurses working in 8 polyclinics in Korea from July 26 to August 19, 2004, using a self-report questionnaire. The questionnaire contains items concerned with subjective musculoskeletal symptoms include ones with the presence of symptoms and with the degree of discomfort, in the joints such as neck, shoulder, arm/elbow, hand/wrist/finger and waist. For data collection, the aim of the study was explained to the operating room managers to obtain their help, and these questionnaires were sent to hospitals, and were retrieved by post. 271(90.3%) questionnaires were returned among those sent to 300 nurses. 249 questionnaires excluding 22 insufficient ones such as no response were used for data analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 12.0. Subjective musculoskeletal symptoms were analyzed in the number and percentage. Result: 187(75.1%) nurses said they 'had' subjective musculoskeletal symptoms and 62 (24.9%) said they had 'nothing'. 130(52.2%), 125 (50.2%), 113 (45.4%), 86(34.5%), and 42 (16.9%) nurses had subjective musculoskeletal symptoms in waist, shoulder, hand/wrist/finger, neck, and arm/elbow, respectively. 51(27.3%) and 136 (72.7%) nurses complained of the pain in one site, and in two or more sites, respectively. In particular, 51% and 47.4% nurses said that they were 'discomforted' due to the pain in waist and in shoulder, respectively. Conclusion: Subjective musculoskeletal symptoms which OR nurses complained of were significant. This may cause difficulty in nursing tasks in the operating room. So various arrangements have to be made for OR nurse with subjective musculoskeletal symptoms at an early stage.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.15-26
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• 1987

The purpose of this study was to develop the pattern drafting method which would be suitable to their physical characteristics for the fatty body of 40∼55 aged Korean women who are more than 1.5 Rohrer's Index and 90㎝ bust girth. The study was composed as follows; 1. Body measurement and statistical analysis: One hundred and thirty women were measured on 29 items. Thirty-four items including 29 measured items and 5 calcutated items were analyzed statistically. 1) Mean, standard deviation, variance, maximum, minimum, range were computed. 2) Correlation coefficients between each items were computed. 2. Development of new bodice pattern drafting method: Measurement items necessary to draft new bodice pattern were bust girth, center back waist length, shoulder width, back width, chest and neck base girth. The new pattern was examined through three wearing tests for completion. 3. Evaluation of the new pattern drafting method: The new pattern was objectively evaluated by the sensory test. The sensory evaluation was applied to evaluate the new pattern for the fatty body women by comparint it with the conventional patterns. The results of sensory tests of the new pattern are as follows: 1) The composite reliability coefficient is 0.7698, and the reliability of sensory test shows high. 2) According to a statistical analysis of the result of the 23 items on the questionaire, all the items showed significant differences(α 0.01) between the two, with the new pattern having higher scores. The new pattern is better conventional pattern as the average mark of the former is 3.901 but that of latter is 2.926. The new pattern drafting method proved to be superior to the conventional one especially in the fitness at the center front neck point, shoulder point, side line, armscye depth, position of bust point, chest width line, under arm dart and the shoulder line.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.249-258
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to identify the factors influencing the musculoskeletal discomfort and the physical region related symptoms. The outcome of the study uses KOSHA Code H-30-2003 which defines possible symptoms into different categories. Symptom I, ll showing the highest occurrence rate in shoulder and neck regions and most of Symptom III, IV come from back region. Analysis of the factors influencing the musculoskeletal discomfort vary in different parts of the body. In the neck region, the discomfort related to rest and the computer keyboard. Gender affects the magnitude of pain in the shoulder region. Wrist pain is related to the chairs being used and back discomfort is influenced by shoulder exercise and the degree of rest taken. Physical fatigue due to work affects all the regions mentioned above. Conclusively, office workers are prone to the musculoskeletal discomfort due to their work environment. To alleviate this problem, the workers need to be educated with proper long-term musculoskeletal related health programs and exercise program containing various stretching methods. In addition, the effort to improve the variables in this study would help to reduce the rate of musculoskeletal discomfort.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.112-123
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• 2007

Purpose: Evaluate the clinical results of humerus neck nonunion treated with Polarus intramedullary nail. Materials and Methods: 8 patients who underwent surgery for nonunion of humerus surgical neck fracture were included. All patients were female, the average age was 65 years. 5 out the total 8 cases initially received surgery, open reduction and internal fixation with metal plate in 1 case, Ender nail insertion in 2 cases, external fixator in 1 case and closed reduction and percutaneous pinning in 1 case. The other 3 non union cases initial received conservative managemnent. The average period of nonunion was 9 months in the operated group and 6.2 months in the conservative group. All 8 cases received closed reduction with intrameedullary Polarus nail and auto iliac bone graft. Union was confirmed radiologically, and functional evaluation was done with the UCLA functional criteria. Results: All 8 cases showed union on radiologic evaluation. Average time to union was 3.5 months, average follow up period was 27 months. Average UCLA shoulder evaluation score was 7.6 points preoperatively which improved to 26.3 points after surgery. Active shoulder flexion was 40.7 degrees preoperatiely which increased to 104 degrees after surgery. Shoulder abduction improved from 32.9 degrees preoperatively to 96.3 degrees after surgery. UCLA functional criteria was good in 5 cases and fair in 3 cases, which no poor cases. Conclusion: Polarus IM nailing and AIBG is a useful method for treating nonunion of humerus neck fracture with improvement in union and function.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.91-115
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• 2020

Objective : This study's purpose was to review the clinical studies of Galgeun-tang. Method : We searched papers about Galgeun-tang using KISS, RISS, OASIS, PUBMED and J-stage. The key words we used were "Galgeuntang", "Kakkonto", "Ge gen tang", and "Pueraria Decoction". Papers not matched with inclusion criteria were excluded. Results : Until today, there have been 223 studies on Galgeun-tang. Of these, 25 studies were classified as clinical research papers. There were 4 cases of fever, 5 cases of inflammation on respiratory system, 3 cases of head, neck and shoulder disorder, 2 cases of diarrhea, 6 cases of pharmacokinetics and interaction, 5 cases of side effect. Conclusion : It can be seen that Galgeun-tang has established the basis for application to the purpose of treating fever (common cold, influenza), inflammation on respiratory system (nasal obstruction, maxillary sinus retention cyst, mucoid pseudomonas aeruginosa chronic lower respiratory tract infection), head, neck and shoulder disorder (temporomandibular disorders, shoulder stiffness, tetanus), and diarrhea. On the other hand, considering 4 cases of side effect on drug eruption, caution should be exercised when observing the progress of the patient taking Galgeun-tang.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.120-128
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• 2019

Background: We aimed to explore the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1990 and 2011 fibromyalgia (FM) classification criteria's items and the components of Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) to identify features best discriminating FM features. Finally, we developed a combined FM diagnostic (C-FM) model using the FM's key features. Methods: The means and frequency on tender points (TPs), ACR 2011 components and FIQ items were calculated in the FM and non-FM (osteoarthritis [OA] and non-OA) patients. Then, two-step multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to order these variables according to their maximal statistical contribution in predicting group membership. Partial correlations assessed their unique contribution, and two-group discriminant analysis provided a classification table. Using receiver operator characteristic analyses, we determined the sensitivity and specificity of the final model. Results: A total of 172 patients with FM, 75 with OA and 21 with periarthritis or regional pain syndromes were enrolled. Two steps multiple logistic regression analysis identified 8 key features of FM which accounted for 64.8% of variance associated with FM group membership: lateral epicondyle TP with variance percentages (36.9%), neck pain (14.5%), fatigue (4.7%), insomnia (3%), upper back pain (2.2%), shoulder pain (1.5%), gluteal TP (1.2%), and FIQ fatigue (0.9%). The C-FM model demonstrated a 91.4% correct classification rate, 91.9% for sensitivity and 91.7% for specificity. Conclusions: The C-FM model can accurately detect FM patients among other pain disorders. Re-inclusion of TPs along with saving of FM main symptoms in the C-FM model is a unique feature of this model.