• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.798-812
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate beginning teachers' views of scientific inquiry envisioned in science education reform, which is the main goal of science education at schools. Teachers' views about scientific inquiry influence their students' learning in the classroom, so it is significant to investigate teachers' views about the scientific inquiry. 126 beginning science teachers participated in this study. The survey asking teachers' view of general scientific inquiry, nature of science (NOS) and the relationship of science, technology, and society (STS), was developed and implemented for 30 minutes. Alternative views of scientific inquiry including NOS and STS were emerged through data analysis with open coding system. The reliability and validity of data collection and data analysis were constructed through the discussion with experts in science education. The results of this study were as follows. Participants defined scientific inquiry as opportunities of 'Hands-On' and 'Minds-On' or its combination rather than 'Hearts-On'. However, teachers demonstrated the view of 'Hands-On' for the purpose of scientific inquiry and for teachers' roles in its implementation. The view of 'Hearts-On' about scientific inquiry was not identified. The naive view of NOS were identified more than informative one. More positive attitude about the relationship of STS was released. The implication was made in teacher education, especially structured induction program for beginning teachers.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.55-61
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• 2018

Objectives : Artemisia capillaris Thunberg (AC) and Artemisia iwayomogi Kitamura (AI) have been used without distinguishment since ancient times due to similar appearance. In this study, we compared the inhibitory effects of AC and AI on the expression of inflammatory cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in murine macrophages. Methods : AC and AI were extracted by reflux with distilled water (DW) and 70% ethanol (EtOH). We investigated the inhibitory effects of AC and AI on the expression of nitric oxide (NO), inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$($TNF-{\alpha}$) induced by LPS in macrophages. Results : Firstly, yield of the samples was higher in order of Artemisia iwayomogi DW Extract (AID), Artemisia iwayomogi 70% EtOH Extract (AIE), Artemisia capillaris DW Extract (ACD) and Artemisia capillaris 70% EtOH Extract (ACE). All of the samples were not toxic in macrophages. The inhibitory effect of the samples on LPS-induced NO expression was stronger in the order of AIE, ACE, AID and ACD. The inhibitory effect of the samples on LPS-induced inducible iNOS expression was stronger in the order of AIE, ACE and AID. Effect of ACD was same with that of AID. In addition, inhibitory effect of the samples on LPS induced $TNF-{\alpha}$expression wes stronger in the order of AIE, ACE, AID and ACD. Conclusion: These results showed that AI would be more effective than AC and 70% EtOH would be more effective than DW as an extraction solvent in inflammatory diseases.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.203-215
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to clarify the roles of laboratory work in school. Twenty-one literatures were identified about roles of laboratory work in school by applying criteria such as published in CI level journals or used as a reference over 100 times during 1960-2017. Twenty-one literatures were reviewed according to periods such as 1960-1989, 1990-2003, and 2004-2017, and identified the roles of laboratory work in school that commonly presented in more than two literature. Seven roles of laboratory work in school identified were as follows (a) learning scientific knowledge, (b) enhancing attitude toward science, (c) learning scientific inquiry methods, (d) acquiring skills to use specific laboratory instruments, (e) enhancing scientific attitude, (f) understanding the nature of science(NOS), and (g) providing opportunity to experience natural or scientific phenomena. The results of this study can be used to provide school teachers and students a clear meaning of the roles of laboratory work in school.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.169-177
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• 2015

Since socioscientific issues (SSI) reflect various characteristics of new technologies designed to meet the incessant human needs in the contemporary society, this study explores the feasibility of adapting nature of technology (NOT) to analyze students' socioscientific decision-making. To achieve the aim, forty-five college students enrolled in a liberal arts course on science and technology studies participated in the study and responded to a GMO (golden rice) scenario in a written form. Four major viewpoints were identified from their writing: 1) is the technological artifact able to solve a societal problem?, 2) are there some alternatives to solve the societal problem?, 3) what kinds of side effects or flaws could turn up during distribution and consumption of the technological artifact?, and 4) can we cope with the technological uncertainty? We revisited the viewpoints within the NOT framework (technology as a 'fix,' cultural context and role of values, technological trade-offs, technology as a system, and technological progression). As a result, unlike NOS, NOT were quite explicitly represented in their decision-making and students' level of understanding on NOT varied. It indicates that NOT can be a promising construct for cultivating informed SSI decision-making.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.373-386
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• 2016

This study aims to investigate the kinds of content and science communication included in the exhibits and the exhibition panels in order to suggest a direction of desirable educational development in the nuclear power information halls in Korea. The four local nuclear power information halls in Korea and the nuclear power science center in Japan are selected as the subject. The results of this study show that the 'conceptual' exhibits are a dominant topic among the four topics of contents, and the concept (CON) and interest (INT) are found as the most dominating component of science communication. Meanwhile, the nature of science (NOS), awareness (AW), enjoyment (ENJ), and opinion (OP) components are little exhibited. The findings of this study indicate that the nuclear power information halls can be more professional to enhance scientific literacy, as the informal education institutions, providing information of nuclear energy and radiation on various perspectives for visitors to make decisions by themselves and to improve their scientific attitudes and understanding of science communication. In addition, the limited science communication can be fully reinforced by docents or commentators. Further research needs to investigate the development of a specialized program to produce professional docents or commentators.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.597-610
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• 2022

In this study, we investigated actual cases of assessment science teachers conducted and the cases they preferred in a typical situation based on the curriculum in the context of 'Scientific Inquiries in the History' of Scientific Inquiry Experiment. A questionnaire composed of descriptive questions was developed and a survey was conducted with 70 science teachers with experience in teaching 'Scientific Inquiries in History'. Interviews were conducted with eight of them. The assessment cases were analyzed in terms of the assessment areas and assessment methods, and the results were compared. The analyses of the results revealed that 'scientific inquiry ability' accounted for the highest ratio of the assessment areas in the actual cases of assessment. There were few cases that assessed the core concepts presented in the curriculum, 'the nature of science' and 'scientists' inquiry methods'. The assessment methods were greatly biased toward the report method and various assessment methods were not used. In preferred cases of assessment, the ratio of cases that assessed the core concept increased slightly, however the frequencies remained at a low. As for the assessment methods in preferred cases of assessment, the measurement methods decreased, the performance methods increased, and the informal methods which were not shown in the actual cases appeared. However various assessment methods were still not used. The causes of the survey results were analyzed based on the opinions of the teachers who participated in the interviews. Based on above results, plans to actively conduct NOS assessments in Scientific Inquiry Experiment are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.325-343
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• 2021

This study aims to develop two science education programs using Angbuilgu and ancient astronomical data, are Korean astronomical heritage, and explore its educational possibility through the pilot application. Considering the TSK compositional characteristics of Angbuilgu and ancient astronomical data, linkage with science curriculum, and linkage with NOS, Angbuilgu was developed as a hands-on activity for elementary school students and ancient astronomical data as a science inquiry activity for middle and high school students. The educational availability of the developed program was confirmed by pilot application to elementary and high school groups. Through the Angbuilgu activity, the students refined their conceptual knowledge by correcting misconceptions about the solar motion by season and then confirmed the possibility of connection with the concept of the celestial coordinate system. Students recognized the scientific value of Angbuilgu and understood the nature of interactions STS. In the ancient astronomical data activity, students experienced inductive and deductive inquiry methods and utilized various information and strategies. Through the activities, students improved their scientific understanding and attitude towards TSK.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.170-177
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• 2022

In mountainous regions, wild herbs which can also be edible in nature for humans and animals possess a wide array of biologically diversified properties. It is because of the fact that due to the cold weather of mountains; they are enriched in certain kinds of phytochemicals such as anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory and many more. One such kind of an herb is Aster scaber (AS) in Korean. It is a widely cultivated culinary herb in Korean peninsula and used as a side dish in Korean culinary cuisine. In view of its extensive use in cuisine, we geared to unravel the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of AS in murine alveolar macrophage cell line (MH-S). 2,2'-Azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) assays revealed a dose dependent (7.8~1,000 ㎍/mL) inhibition of oxidation by AS 70% ethanol (ASE) extract as compared to Trolox and Ascorbic acid respectively. Nitric oxide assay (NO) showed a dose dependent decrease (5~40 ㎍/mL) in MH-S cells with ASE when stimulated with Coal Fly Ash (CFA). Moreover, this dose for NO reduction was also found to be least cytotoxic for cells as determined by cellular viability (MTT) assay. The gene expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (iNOS and COX-2) and cytokines (IL-6 and IL-1β) and were also dose dependently inhibited by ASE in MH-S cells through RT-PCR. Therefore, in light of these findings, AS exhibited a strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. These results also justify the extensive use of this mountainous herb in culinary practices for beneficial effects on human health.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2022

In this research, the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiaging, and skin whitening properties of pulp and seed extracts of passion fruit were studied. The result of the primary skin irritation test using a skin-attached patch determined the skin irritation index to be 0.00 for the passion fruit extract. In addition, RAW 264.7 macrophages produce NO by stimulation of lipopolysaccharides, and the application of extracts to this resulted in significantly lower NOs, confirming the excellent anti-inflammatory properties of passion fruit extracts. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl test further confirmed that the passion fruit extract exhibits a good 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate radical scavenging ability of 5.11% and strong antioxidant properties. The presence of collagen type I in the skin is a measure of aging and various skin diseases. The results obtained from the analysis of the activity of human procollagen I alpha 1 confirmed that the passion fruit extract reduces the synthesis of procollagen. In addition, the skin whitening property of the passion fruit extract was confirmed by the melanin inhibition test, and a sample was obtained that contained more than 2% of arbutin, a whitening agent approved by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, which is generally present in the form of a white powder and is used as a functional ingredient. This confirms that the whitening efficacy of the passion fruit extract obtained from nature contributes to the development of functional raw materials for cosmetics and food.