• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.70-77
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the differences of visual image by variations in the location and width of the waist band of the one-piece dress. The stimuli are 24 samples: 8 variations of the location of the waist band and 3 variations of the width of the waist band. The data has been obtained from 50 fashion design majors. The data has analyzed by Factor Analysis, Anova, Scheff's Test and the MCA method. The results of the study are as follows. According to the result of factor analysis of the visual image based on the changes in the location and width of waist bands, three factors were identified- attractiveness, elegance and practicality. Among them, attractiveness was found to be the most important. The visual image was evaluated positively when waist bands were positioned above the natural waist line and negatively when waist bands were positioned below the natural waist line regardless of their width. In addition, the visual image based on the width of waist bands for one-piece dress was the most positive when the width was 4.5cm. No significant difference was observed in the visual image according to band width when the waist bands were positioned below the natural waist line. The interaction of visual image according to the location and width of waist bands for one-piece dress did not appear. As the main effect, significant differences were observed in all of the three factors according to the location of waist bands, but only two factors excluding elegance showed some difference according to the width of waist bands. When multiple classification analysis was applied to the factors without interaction, the location of waist bands appeared to have more significant effect on visual image than the width of waist bands.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.55-69
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the differences of visual effects by variations in the location and width of the waist band of one-piece dress. The stimuli are 24 samples: 8 variations of the location of the waist band and 3 variations of the width of the waist band. The data has been obtained from 50 fashion design majors. The data has analyzed by Factor Analysis, Anova, Scheffe's Test and the MCA method. The results of the study are as follows: According to the result of factor analysis of the visual effects based on the changes in the location and width of waist bands for one-piece dress, four factors were identified - verticality of whole-body, horizontality of upper-body, curves of lower-body and shape of breast. Whole-body verticality and upper-body horizontality were found to be the most important factor among them. In all of the four factors of the visual effects, significant differences were observed according to the location of the waist bands for one-piece dress. The visual effects were evaluated positively when the waist bands were positioned above the natural waist line and negatively when the waist bands were positioned below the natural waist line. In addition, significant differences were observed in the visual effects according to the width of waist bands when the waist bands were positioned above the natural waist line, and visual effects were better when the band width was 3.5cm and 4.5cm than the others. The interaction of the visual effect showed significant differences in horizontality of upper-body, curves of lower-body and shape of breast.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.811-821
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• 2006

The purpose of this report was to study visual effect and functional effect of waist line location of slacks for females in 20'. 1. Differences of visual effect of slacks waist line change to be expressed that mature, sexual and casual slacks waist line were W4 or W5, looks like long leg and mature and formal slacks waist line was W1, slim lower part of the body and flat slacks waist line was W4. 2. Analysis result of functional effect difference with the location variation of slacks waist line were as follows. In all motions(M1, M2, M3, M4) W2 that downed 7cm-6cm-6cm from natural waist line was valued as the most comfortable, W1 and W5 were valued as discomfortable, where waist line was too high or too low.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.401-414
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• 1997

This study examined the transition of costume in middle and high school girls after the abolition of school-uniform. Fashion photographs of $\ulcorner$Junior$\lrcorner$a Korean magazine for girls were used for the investigation. Skirts used mainly were changed in order of pleat tight flare and tight skirt And skirt length was changed in order of knee midi knee and mini. Slim baggy and straight pants together showed high frequency but after 1992 straight pants were used mainly. And pants of ankle length was prevalent. In jacket Hip line natural waist and H-line silhouette dominated. Silhouette of one-piece dress was changed in order or X line H line and A line. Semi fit and natural waist were prevalent. And length was changed in order of midi knee and mini. The coat of H line Loose semi fit and Knee length was the most frequently appeared style. Waist line of coat was changed in order of natural low no natural waist. In skirt blue white black and black were mainly in spring summer fall and winter respectively. In pants blue was used mainly regardless of the season, In jacket blue in spring and black in other seasons were used. In one-piece derss blue in spring red in summer black in fall and winter were used mainly. Black coat was used mainly. Therefore blue was the most frequently used color by middle and high school girls.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.101-112
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences of the visual image on the variations in the waist position and the width of the wide pants. The stimuli were 9 samples: 3 variations of the waist position and 3 variations of the width of hem line. The data was obtained from 56 fashion students and analyzed by using Factor Analysis, Anova, Scheffe's Test and the MCA method. The results of this study are as follows; 1. The visual evaluation by the waist position and the width of the wide pants is composed of 4 factors: attractiveness, physical characteristics, modesty, and personality. Among these factors, the attractiveness was the most important. 2. The high waist pants showed the most characteristic and soft under the condition that the width of the hem line was 98cm at the third stage, while the natural waist pants showed no characteristics and stiff in case the width of the hem line was 66cm at the first stage. 3. The first stage pants were simplest and modest in case the waist position was low, while the third stage pants were the most complicated and untidiest in case the waist position was natural. 4. The waist position and the width of the wide pants interacted with the physical characteristics and the modesty. 5. According to the MCA on the attractiveness and the personality, the width affected to the visual image of the wide pants than the waist position did.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.123-143
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• 1994

The aim of this research analyze women's preference in types and formation of skirt lines by their ages and body shapes. The aim of this study is for women to select clothing which can cover their shortcomings and to present the practical and positive data about skirt design to clothing maker. The results of this research are summarized as followed : Tight skirt is the beest preferred and flare is the next. Narred silhouettes re preferred about th width of each kind of skirt, but as for the gored and flare skirts middle-width silhouettes are preferred. Preferred lengths of the skirts are different from ages; the middle like minilines, the thirties like miniline, the thirties and the forties natural line, and the fifties midiline, and according to body shapes, the skinny or standard shape like natural line and the fat midiline. All age prefer natural waist line, and twenties and the skinny like high waist line and belt compared to fifties and the fat. All ages like dart-treated skirt waist and wrinkle-decoration with narrow vertical lines or tuck-decoration with narrow horizontal line. White and blue are preferred colors of skirts in spring and summer, the skinny and the standard like blue, whereas the fat like black. All ages like soft materials and one-colored skirts without patterns Adult women like jipper to open waist of a skirt. Most of them like back positioned one, but fifties and the fat prefer side positioned ones.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.1926-1930
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• 2004

We suggest a turning gait planning of a quadruped walking robot with an articulated spine. Robot developer has tried to implement a gait more similar to that of natural animals with high stability margin. Therefore, so many types of walking robot with reasonable gait have been developed. But there is a big difference with a natural animal walking motion. A key point is the fact that natural animals use their waist-oint(articulated spine) to walk. For example, a crocodile which has short legs relative to a long body uses their waist to walk more quickly and to turn more effectively. The other animals such as tiger, dog and so forth, also use their waist. Therefore, this paper proposes discontinuous turning gait planning for a newly modeled quadruped walking robot with an articulated spine which connects the front and rear parts of the body. Turning gait is very important as same as straight gait. All animals need a turning gait to avoid obstacle or to change walking direction. Turning gait has mainly two types of gaits; circular gait and spinning gait. We apply articulated spine to above two gaits, which shows the majority of an articulated spine more effectively. Firstly, we describe a kinematic relation of a waist-joint, the hip, and the center of gravity of body, and then apply a spinning gait. Next, we apply a waist-joint to a circular gait. We compare a gait stability margin with that of a conventional single rigid body walking robot. Finally, we show the validity of a proposed gait with simulation.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.275-283
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• 2010

There are few studies reporting optimal waist circumference that can be utilized to prevent the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated the association of waist circumference and waist and hip circumference ratio (WHR) with incident cases of CVD developed over 6 years in a population-based prospective study including Korean adults. Analyses for receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve were performed with data for 1,733 men and 1,579 women who were aged 40 to 69 years and were free of a physician-diagnosis of CVD at baseline. Information on the diagnosis of CVD was periodically reported using interviewer-administered questionnaires and anthropometric measures were obtained by biennial health examinations. We newly identified 77 cases of CVD during a follow-up period between 2003 and 2008. On the basis of measures of diagnostic accuracy including minimum distance to ROC curve and Youden index, waist circumference of 85 cm for men, in particular for male nonsmokers, and of 80 cm for women and WHR of 0.88 to 0.90 for men and of 0.83 for women were found to be optimal cutoff points to identify individuals at CVD risks. The study also found that the use of the suggested optimal values for waist circumference show higher sensitivity and lower specificity compared with 90 cm for men and 85 cm for women, which are waist cutoff points given by the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity to define abdominal obesity for Korean adults. Although lower cutoff points of waist circumference (83 cm) and WHR (0.87) were observed to be optimal for male smokers compared with male nonsmokers, whether suggesting waist cutoff points specific to smokers is needed warrants further studies. After taking into account other cardiovascular risk factors including smoking, men with waist circumference of 85 cm or greater and women with 80 cm or greater were at an increased risk of CVD. Thus, these cutoff points of waist circumference may be able to capture more individuals at CVD risks contributing to the prevention of future development of CVD.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.147-160
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• 2015

This study suggests a detailed apparel sizing system for brands that target elderly men between the ages of 60 to 79 by studying body type differences of the age group based on data from 'The $5^{th}$ Korean Anthropometric survey'. Compared to middle aged men, elderly men body measurements appear to be smaller except in the midriff area, such as the natural waist circumference, waist circumference (omphalion), waist depth and waist depth (omphalion). The size chart in the study was established according to the KS size chart system with a size jump of 5cm in height, 5cm and 3cm in chest circumference, 2cm in waist circumference (omphalion) and 2cm in hip circumference. A total of 8 sizes were established with heights between 160cm and 170cm and chest measurements between 85cm to 100cm for casual tops. For suit tops, a total of 11 sizes were established with heights between 160cm and 170cm and chest measurements between 88cm to 100cm. For bottoms, detailed sizes were suggested by dividing basic and reference areas with 13 sizes between 84cm to 94cm in the waist circumference (omphalion) and between 90cm to 98cm in the hip circumference.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2010

This study was done to investigate the association of blood clinical parameters and dietary intakes with serum adiponectin level. Athropometric measurement, dietary intakes, serum lipids and adiponectin levels were examined in 160 overweight and obese women. The subjects were divided into 5 groups by quintile according to serum adiponectin level. Weight, BMI, waist circumferences and waist/hip ratio of the highest quintile group were significantly lower than those of the lowest quintile group. Serum lipid analysis showed a significant higher level of TG, LDL-cholesterol, LDL/HDL ratio, AI, and serum hs-CRP in the lowest quintile group. Similarly, correlation data also showed that serum adiponectin level was positively correlated with serum HDL-cholesterol level (p < 0.01) and was negatively correlated with BMI (p < 0.01), waist circumferences (p < 0.01), waist/hip ratio (p<0.01), systolic (p < 0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.05), TG (p < 0.01), LDL-cholesterol (p < 0.05), LDL/HDL ratio (p < 0.05), AI (p < 0.01), Homa-IR (p < 0.01), hs-CRP (p < 0.05) and leptin (p < 0.05). Dietary intake data showed that protein intake was significantly lower in the highest quintile group compared to the lower quintile groups while intakes of vitamin C was significantly higher in highest quintile group after adjustment by BMI, waist and energy intake, In addition, the highest quintile group had higher fiber intakes than the lower quintile groups. These results might suggest that a diet high in fiber and vitamin C and low in protein for obese patients would better be recommended to improve adiponectin level. However, further research is needed to elucidate the association of dietary intakes or dietary patterns and serum adiponectin level.