• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.303-311
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• 2018

In this study, a preliminary evaluation of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of the Ficus erecta var. sieboldii (Miq.) King (FES) leaf extract has been performed to assess its potential as a natural resource for food and medicinal materials. FES was extracted using 70% EtOH and then fractionated sequentially using n-hexane, $CH_2Cl_2$, EtOAc, and n-BuOH. To screen for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents effectively, the inhibitory effect of the FES extracts on the production of oxidant stresses (DPPH, xanthine oxidase, and superoxide) and pro-inflammatory factors (NO, iNOS, COX-2, $PGE_2$, IL-6, and $IL-1{\beta}$) in the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was examined. Among the sequential solvent fractions of FES, the $CH_2Cl_2$ and EtOAc fractions showed decreased production of oxidant stresses (DPPH, xanthine oxidase and superoxide), and the hexane and $CH_2Cl_2$ fractions of FES inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory factors (NO, iNOS, COX-2, and $PGE_2$). The $CH_2Cl_2$ fraction also inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines ($TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6, and $IL-1{\beta}$). These results suggest that FES has a significant effects on the production of oxidant stresses and pro-inflammatory factors and may be used a natural resource for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.205-210
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• 2010

Several studies have shown that plant-derived polyphenols reduce cardiovascular accidents in high-risk patients and the inhibition of platelet function may be responsible for part of this benefit. Lindera obtusiloba is widely used in traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. Therefore, the antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities of Lindera obtusiloba Extracts (LOE) on in vitro platelet aggregation, radical scavenging activity and in vivo murine pulmonary thrombosis were examined. LOE was able to directly scavenge the stable DPPH radical in a concentration-dependent manner and its $IC_{50}$ value was 3.9 ${\pm}$ 0.1 ${\mu}g$/ml. LOE significantly inhibited collagen- and ADP-induced platelet aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner and its $IC_{50}$ value is 0.9 ${\pm}$ 0.1 mg/ml and 0.4 ${\pm}$ 0.1 mg/ml respectively. The inhibitory effect of LOE was comparable to aspirin ($IC_{50}$ values were 1.0 ${\pm}$ 0.5 and 1.0 ${\pm}$ 0.7 mg/ml, respectively). Furthermore, oral administration of LOE suppressed the death of mice with pulmonary thrombosis induced by intravenous injection of collagen plus epinephrine. Taken together, our results suggest LOE may be a promising candidate for antithrombotic agent, and the antithrombotic effect of LOE may be due to, at least in part, antiplatelet activity.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2009

The greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) and the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) are serious insect pests that have a wide host range including cucumber, tomato, and pepper. In this study, we tested larvicidal efficacy of several on-the-market environment-friendly agricultural materials (EFAM) to select the effective products after the target pests were stabilized in indoor rearing condition. The developmental periods of two whiteflies are as follows: in the case of T. vaporariorum, egg duration is 9.6 days and nymph is 18.9 days, and in the case of B. tabaci, egg duration is 7.4 days and nymph is 15.2 days under $25^{\circ}C$ with relative humidity (RH) of $60{\pm}5%$ and a photoperiod of 16 L:8D. The total period of T. vaporariorum was 5 days longer than B. tabaci. Among 22 EFAMs six products showed more than 60% of insecticide efficacy against T. vaporariorum BTV B, BTV D, BTV G, BTV L, BTV M, and BTV S. On the other hand, seven EFAM products showed over 60% of insecticide efficacy against B. tabaci BTV D, BTV G, BTV K, BTV L, BTV M, BTV N, and BTV U. In the case of Spodptera litura previously, 16 EFAMs were tested against $2^{nd}$ instar S. litura, and six EFAMs were found to have more than 90% efficacy. Test of these six EFAMs against entire larval stages were performed in this study. Although some of these products showed still more than 90% of insecticidal efficacy against up to $3^{rd}$ instar larvae, the efficacy of these EFAMs sharply decreased as ages increase, resulting in less than 60% of efficacy of the products at most. This result indicates the difficulty to control S. litura with the on-the-market EFAMs alone under economic injury level. Collectively, it is required to find more EFAMs, and find alternative method, and combined way of controlling to control those insect pests tested in this study.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 2010

Competitive ability, allelopathy, made the common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior ) one of the most dangerous weeds in Korea. The aim of this research was to evaluate the role of common ragweed as test species under laboratory bioassay and glasshouse conditions. Inhibition effect of the leaf extract was higher than that of stem and root parts extracts on germination and seedling growth of weeds. The 5% concentration of leaf extract of common ragweed inhibited the germination rate of Echinochloa crus-galli, Digitaria sanguinalis and Cyperus microiria by 68.3, 74.6 and 87.3%, respectively, as compared to the control. Generally, increasing incorporation concentration inhibited seedling growth of weeds. Incorporation of 5% common ragweed residue significantly reduced the plant length of E. crus-galli, D. sanguinalis and C. microiria by 48, 63 and 68%, respectively, as compared to the control. Also, the values of dry weight were 72, 78 and 71%, respectively. Contrarily, the emergence rate of soybean and corn was not affected by the incorporation of 5% concentration of common ragweed residue. However, the dry weight was inhibited by 37 and 28%, respectively. These results suggest that common ragweed had the ability to control some weed species using toxic compounds like natural herbicide.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.21-24
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• 2010

In recent years, many agricultural scientists are studying on eco-friendly farming methods. Among of lots of the methods, the natural insecticides are highly motivated and interested due to their safety and biodegradable issues, and readily available source of bioinsecticides. In this study, the crude extract of custard apple (Annona reticulata L.) seed and its three fractions which were separated based on polarity indexes were examined for their insecticidal activities against Myzus persicae Sulzer and Nilaparvata lugens S.. The crude extract (Aceton/MeOH) showed strong insecticidal activities against both insects at 3.00 mg/mL ($LD_{50}$=0.45mg/mL for M. persicae S. and 1.42 mg/mL for N. lugens S.). Furthermore, simple fractionation with hexane, chloroform, and water lead to increase three-folds insecticidal activity on chloroform fraction ($LD_{50}$=0.13mg/mL for M. persicae S. and 1.14 mg/mL for N. lugens S.). The results suggest that A. reticulata extracts might be used to control for M. persicae effectively.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.622-632
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• 2018

The aim of the present study was to evaluate of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) on the physiological activities and oxidation inhibitory action. The effects of various solvents (distilled water DW, 70% ethanol and n-butanol) on the total phenolics content (TPC) of turmeric and their corresponding biological activity were studied. Bioactive compound of total saponin $7.506{\pm}0.349mg\;SE/g$ dry weight. Turmeric extracts yield were DW (17.11%), 70% ethanol (15.26%) and n-butanol (4.12%), respectively. Oxidation inhibitory action of the samples exhibited a dose-dependent increase. However, in the current study, none of the samples evaluated showed activity as strong as the BHA, ascorbic acid and EDTA. Results showed that extraction solvent had significant effects on TPC and oxidation inhibitory action (DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power and ferric reducing antioxidant power) of n-butanol. Turmeric exhibited the antioxidant properties, which suggests that the plant material could be used for further studies as a potential source for bioactive and natural antioxidant.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.309-316
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• 2017

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) is a non-selective cation channel with modest permeability to calcium ions. It is involved in intracellular calcium signaling and is therefore important in processes such as thermal sensation, skin barrier formation, and wound healing. TRPV3 was initially proposed as a warm temperature sensor. It is activated by synthetic small-molecule chemicals and plant-derived natural compounds such as camphor and eugenol. Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill (SC) has diverse pharmacological properties including antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities. It is extensively used as an oriental herbal medicine for the treatment of various diseases. In this study, we investigated whether SC fruit extracts and seed oil, as well as four compounds isolated from the fruit can activate the TRPV3 channel. By performing whole-cell patch clamp recording in HEK293T cells overexpressing TRPV3, we found that the methanolic extract of SC fruit has an agonistic effect on the TRPV3 channel. Furthermore, electrophysiological analysis revealed that ${\gamma}$-schisandrin, one of the isolated compounds, activated TRPV3 at a concentration of $30{\mu}M$. In addition, ${\gamma}$-schisandrin (${\sim}100{\mu}M$) increased cytoplasmic $Ca^{2+}$ concentrations by approximately 20% in response to TRPV3 activation. This is the first report to indicate that SC extract and ${\gamma}$-schisandrin can modulate the TRPV3 channel. This report also suggests a mechanism by which ${\gamma}$-schisandrin acts as a therapeutic agent against TRPV3-related diseases.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.207-218
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• 2020

In this study, the anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial activities of the extracts from the leaves of the Hydrangea petiolaris were identified, and the chemical structure was identified by separating the active ingredient. As the result of the anti-inflammatory activity experiment using RAW 264.7 cells, it was confirmed that the n-hexane (Hex) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fractions inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of iNOS protein in a concentration-dependent manner without cytotoxicity. In addition, the n-Hex and EtOAc fractions reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6). Upon the anti-bacterial tests using Staphylococcus epidermidis and Cutibacterium acnes, the extract, n-Hex, EtOAc and n-butanol (BuOH) fractions showed potent activities. In order to isolate the active constituents, the n-Hex and EtOAc fractions were further purified to afford four phytochemicals; phytol (1), corosolic acid (2), asiatic acid (3) and 1-O-p-coumaroyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (4). All of the compounds 1 - 4 were isolated for the first time from this plant. In addition, the contents of isolated compounds were determined by HPLC and the quantity of phytol (1) was 27.8 mg/g for the 70% EtOH extract. Based on the above research results, it is believed that it will be possible to develop a natural cosmetic material that has anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effects using the extract of H. petiolaris leaves.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.301-305
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• 2013

This study was performed to select adequate plant materials for developing a natural ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitor by analyzing ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activity in fronds and rhizomes of three Dryopteridaceae species: Cyrtomium fortunei, Polystichum polyblepharum, and P. lepidocaulon. The highest ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitor obtained from frond of P. lepidocaulon ($4.16{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$), and rhizome of C. fortunei ($1.84{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$), showed much higher inhibition activity than acarbose ($1413.70{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$). The biomass required to inhibit ${\alpha}$-glucosidase by 50% was 0.04 ~ 0.35mg for frond and 0.03 ~ 0.10mg for rhizome, and P. lepidocaulon required the least amount of fronds and P. lepidocaulon the least rhizomes. In frond, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activity was the highest in water fraction of C. fortunei ($20.2{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$), and n-butanol fraction of P. lepidocaulon ($9.33{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$) and P. polyblepharum ($5.10{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$). In rhizome, it was the highest in n-butanol fractions of C. fortunei ($19.76{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$) and P. polyblepharum ($4.47{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$), and ethylacetate fraction of P. lepidocaulon ($5.46{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$). The frond biomass required for 50% ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition was the lowest in the water fraction of C. fortunei (1.43mg), and n-butanol fractions of P. lepidocaulon (1.10mg) and P. polyblepharum (0.66mg). The required biomass of rhizome was the lowest in the water fraction of C. fortunei (1.59mg), and n-hexane fractions of P. lepidocaulon (0.04mg) and P. polyblepharum (0.15mg). The result of this study suggested that the three Dryopteridaceae species had high ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activity with small biomass, which might have high value as materials for economical anti-diabetic medication.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.77-89
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• 2015

133 Species of medicinal plants were used for the development of natural agrichemicals with anti-microbial activity against Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli, a pathogen of bacterial fruit blotch in watermelon. The MeOH-extracts of these medicinal plants were examined for anti-microbial activity by bioassay. The MeOH-extract of Citrus unshiu Markovich had the strongest antibacterial activity against Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli. To identify anti-microbial compounds from Citrus unshiu Markovich, solvent-fractionation was used. The fraction of hexane, which showing the highest value of anti-microbial activity, was analyzed by GC-MS. Each mass spectra, corresponding to each peak of chromatogram, was compared to mass database of Wiley library. As a result, d-Limonene, ${\gamma}$-terpinene, ${\beta}$-linalool, terpineol, palmitic acid, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, Linolenic acid, and stigmasterol were identified. Among them, d-Limonene, ${\gamma}$-terpinene, ${\beta}$-linalool, and terpineol confirmed to be shown the anti-microbial activity by bioassay. Especially, d-Limonene and ${\gamma}$-terpinene found to have strong activity. In conclusion, we thought d-limonene and ${\gamma}$-terpinene from Citrus unshiu Markovich. Latin, had anti-microbial activity against Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli and could be candidates for the control agents for the control of bacterial fruit blotch in watermelon.