• 대한수학회보
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 1996

Throughout this paper $Z^p, Q_p$ and C_p$ will denote the ring of p-adic rational integers, the field of p-adic rational numbers and the completion of the algebraic closure of $Q_p$, respectively. Let $v_p$ be the normalized exponential valuation of $C_p$ with $$\mid$p$\mid$_p = p^{-v_p (p)} = p^{-1}$. We set $p^* = p$ for any prime p > 2 $p^* = 4 for p = 2$.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.229-241
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• 1999

The fractal space is often associated with natural phenomena with many length scales and the functions defined on this space are usually not differentiable. First we define a $\sigma$-multifractal from $\sigma$-iterated function systems with probability. We introduce the measure derivative through the invariant measure of the $\sigma$-multifractal. We show that the non-differentiable function on the $\sigma$-multifractal can be differentiable with respect to this measure derivative. We apply this result to some examples of ordinary differential equations and diffusion processes on $\sigma$-multifractal spaces.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2005

Natural gas possesses several characteristics that make it desirable as an engine fuel; 1)lower production cost, 2)abundant commodity and 3)cleaner energy source than gasoline. Due to the physics characteristics of natural gas, the volumetric efficiency and flame speed of a natural gas engine are lower than those of a gasoline engine, which results in a power loss of $10-20{\%}$ when compared to a normal gasoline engine. This paper describes the results of a research to improve the performance of a natural gas engine through the modification and controls of compression ratio, air/fuel ratio, spark advance and supercharging and method of measuring flame propagation velocity. It emphasizes how to improve the power characteristics of a natural gas engine. Combustion characteristics are also studied using an ion probe. The ion probe is applied to measure flame speed of gasoline and methane fuels to confirm the performance improvement of natural gas engine combustion characteristics.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.1372-1380
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 자연언어 문장의 객관적 정량적인 질 측정 방법의 구축에 대해 설명하고, 이를 문장 퇴고 시스템의 사례에 적용해 본다. 문장의 질을 평가한다는 것은 본질적으로 주관적이고 정량화가 어려운 작업이기 때문에, 이 과정에서 질의 객관적 계량화가 가능한지 여부가 가장 중요한 문제가 된다. 이 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 유전자 알고리즘을 이용한 진화적 접근 방법을 통해 객관적이고 정량적인 질의 측정 공식을 유도하는 방법론을 제시하였다. 이 논문에서 제시한 방법론의 핵심은 간단히 말해서 사람이 행하는 정성적인 판단을, 이에 가장 근접하는 정량적 측정 체계로 전환시키는 것이라고 보면 된다. 이것을 위해 정량화 문제를 문장의 단순 언어 특징들의 변화값을 이용한 최적화 문제로 환원시키고, 다시 이 최적화 문제를 유전자 알고리즘을 이용해 해결함으로써 문제를 효과적으로 해결할 수 있었다. 실험 결과를 보면, 본 논문에서 제시한 최적화 방법은 주어진 훈련용 예제와 검증용 예제 중 각각 99.84%, 99.88%를 만족시키는 해를 찾아내었으므로 정량적 질 평가 공식의 유도에 매우 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 도출된 측정 공식을 이용해서 실제 퇴고 시스템 평가에 적용한 결과 문장 질의 측정에 매우 유용하게 이용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이와 같이 질의 정량적 평가가 가능하다는 사실이 갖는 또 한가지 중요한 의미는 최종 사용자의 구매 의사나 개발자의 공학적 의사 결정을 위한 객관적 성능 평가 자료의 제공에 이 방법이 유용하게 사용될 수 있다는 점이다.Abstract This paper describes a method of building a quantitative measure of the quality of natural language sentences, particularly produced by document revision systems. Evaluating the quality of natural language sentences is intrinsically subjective, so what is most important as to the evaluation is whether the quality can be measured objectively. To solve such problem of objective measurability, genetic algorithm, an evolutionary learning method, is employed in this paper. The underlying standpoint of this approach is that building the quality measures is a task of constructing a formulae that produces as close results as can to the qualitative decisions made by humans. For doing this, the problem of measurability has been simply reduced to an optimization problem using the change of the values of simple linguistic parameters found in sentences, and the reduced problem has been solved effectively by the genetic algorithm. Experimental result shows that the optimization task satisfied 99.84% and 99.88% of the given objectives for training and validation samples, respectively, which means the method is quite effective in constructing the quantitative measure of the quality of natural language sentences. The actual evaluation result of a revision system shows that the measure is useful to quantize the quality of sentences. Another important contribution of this measure would be to provide an objective performance evaluation data of natural language systems on a basis of which end-users and developers can make their decision to fit their own needs.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2015

We propose a new distance measure between 2-dimensional points to provide a total order for an entire point set and to reflect the correct geometric meaning of the naturalness of the point ordering. In general, there is no total order for 2-dimensional point sets, so curve reconstruction algorithms do not solve the self-intersection problem because the distance used in the previous methods is the Euclidean distance. A natural distance based on Brownian motion was previously proposed to solve the self-intersection problem. However, the distance reflects the wrong geometric meaning of the naturalness. In this paper, we correct the disadvantage of the natural distance by introducing a polar-natural distance, and we also propose a new curve reconstruction algorithm that is based on the polar-natural distance. Our experiments show that the new distance adequately reflects the correct geometric meaning, so non-simple curve reconstruction can be solved.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.241-247
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• 2005

Let ${\gamma}{\equiv}\left{{\gamma}_{ij}\right}(0{\leq}i+j{\leq}2n)$ be a collection of complex numbers with ${\gamma}_{00}>0$ and ${\gamma}_{ji}={\bar{\gamma}}_{ij}$. The truncated complex moment problem for ${\gamma}$ entails finding a positive Borel measure ${\mu}$ supported in the complex plane ${\mathbb{C}}$ such that ${\gamma}_{ij}={\int}{\bar{z}}^{i}z^jd{\mu}(z)(0{\leq}i+j{\leq}2n)$. We solve this truncated moment problem with data in a circle and discuss the behavior of data in an extended moment matrix.

• 소음진동
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.403-411
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• 1995

Square beam type piezoelectric vibrating gyro is developed for the measurement of angular velocity, which is compact, small in size and mass- producible. It features that three pieces of piezoelectric ceramics and bonded onto one face of equilateral square bar type gyro head. Two of them are used as sentuators which drive the gyro head and measure Coriolis force. The third piece is used for the feedback signal in order to resonate the gyro head and measure Coriolis force. The third piece is used for the feedback signal in order to resonate the gyro head with its fundamental natural frequency. Matching two fundamental natural frequencies in the gyro head with its driving frequency is found critical in the design of vibration gyro. Calibration results show that the vibrating gyro developed has the dynamic characteristics of first-order system within the frequency range of interest, which can be easily compensated by a lead compensator.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.156-162
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• 2013

This paper measures the hot spot temperatures in a single-phase, 154 kV, 15/20 MVA power transformer filled with natural ester fluid using optical fiber sensors and compares them with those calculated by conventional heat run tests. A total of 14 optical fiber sensors were installed on the high-voltage and low-voltage windings to measure the hot spot temperatures. In addition, three thermocouples were installed in the transformer to measure the temperature distribution during the heat run tests. In the low-voltage winding, the hot spot temperature was $108.4^{\circ}C$, calculated by the conventional heat run test. However, the hot spot temperature measured using the optical fiber sensor was $129.4^{\circ}C$ between turns 2 and 3 on the upper side of the low-voltage winding. Therefore, the hot spot temperature of the low-voltage winding measured using the optical fiber sensor was $21.0^{\circ}C$ higher than that calculated by the conventional heat run test.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.121-130
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• 2002

In this paper we prove a functional central limit theorem for a field $\{X_{\underline{j}}:{\underline{j}}{\in}Z_+^d\}$ of nonstationary associated random variables with $EX{\underline{j}}=0,\;E{\mid}X_{\underline{j}}{\mid}^{r+{\delta}}<{\infty}$ for some $r>2,\;{\delta}>0$and $u(n)=O(n^{-{\nu}})$ for some ${\nu}>0$, where $u(n):=sup_{{\underline{i}}{\in}Z_+^d{\underline{j}}:{\mid}{\underline{j}}-{\underline{i}}{\mid}{\geq}n}{\sum}cov(X_{\underline{i}},\;X_{\underline{j}}),\;{\mid}{\underline{x}}{\mid}=max({\mid}x_1{\mid},{\cdots},{\mid}x_d{\mid})\;for\;{\underline{x}}{\in}{\mathbb{R}}^d$. Our investigation implies and analogous result in the case associated random measure.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제4권6호
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• pp.466-471
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• 2020

We analyze the transverse nuclear magnetizations of 129Xe and 131Xe in a vapor cell containing natural Xe, 87Rb, and buffer gases. Th e Xe atoms are polarized th rough spin-exch ange optical pumping (SEOP) with Rb atoms under low-magnetic-field conditions. From the free-induction-decay (FID) signal, we measure the nuclear magnetization of the Xe atoms in the Xe-Rb vapor cell. Furthermore, we measure the dependence of the gyromagnetic ratio on the magnetization of 129Xe and 131Xe by examining the amplitude of the FID signal of each isotope, and we evaluate the relationship between the magnetic field gradient and transverse relaxation rate for both of the 129Xe and 131Xe isotopes.