• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2002

To investigate the usability of frozen canine embryos for embryo transfer in the dog, 19 donors, 3 recipients, and 6 male dogs were used for the experiment. Natural mating or artificial insemination was performed for breeding the bitches in natural estrus. Vaginal smear test along with progesterone titre test were performed to detect the appropriate mating time and the bitches were bred twice during 3-6days following LH surge. Embryo collection was done on 8, 9-11, 12-13 days after the second mating to collect morula and blastocyst. Embryos were frozen using a programmable freezer and preseued in LNE tank. Embryos were thawed in 37$^{\circ}C$ water for 15 seconds and transferred into each uterine horn within 30 minutes. Embryos were collected from 13 bitches of 19 donors(68.4%) and the collected embryos were from between 9 and 13 days after 2nd mating. Embryos were produced both by natural mating(60.0%, 9115) and AI with frozen semen(100.0%, 4/4). Embryos were collected from the donors weighed between 2.5 and 30 kg and their age was from 1.5 to 3 years. 52 embryos were collected from 13 donors and the mean number of embryos was four. The stage of embryos was from 2-cell to gastrula and morulae were colledted mostly from 10 to 11 days after 2nd mating. Embryos were collected evenly from each uterine horn and the rate of embryo collection for the number of corpus luteum was 83.9%. Embryos were transferred to 3 recipients(morula 8, blastocyst 1, gastrula 8), however, no offspring was produced.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.337-342
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• 2012

Information about the mating behaviors of an endangered species is critical for the understanding of the natural history of the species as well as in situ and ex situ breeding programs designed to rehabilitate field populations. We describe the mating behaviors of the Mongolian racerunner (Eremias argus), an endangered species in South Korea. The mating of this species consists of precopulatory, copulatory, and postcopulatory stages and is composed of 12 different mating behaviors. During the postcopulatory stage, other males or females not involved in mating show more interference behaviors than during the precopulatory and copulatory stages. The male E. argus has an extraordinarily long postcopulatory bite, which may function as a type of mate-guarding behavior. This study is the first report on the mating behavior of a South Korean reptile.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.182-187
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• 1986

As a fundamental study to increase the fertility and to modify the sex ratio in cattle, highly motile sperm were separated by bovine serum albumin gradients. The pregnancy rates of Korean native cow and Holstein cow, and the sex ratio between AI and natural mating were also investigated. The results obtained were as follows. 1. First service pregnancy rate of Korean native cow in artificial insemination was higher than that of Holstein. 2. At secondary sex ratio in artificial insemination and natural mating, male ratio in artifical insemination was slightly higher than that in natural mating. 3. The sperm separated from marketed frozen semen using 6%, 10% and 20% bovine serum albumin showed significantly high value in motility, percent of normal sperm and progressive motility as compared with control sperm.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.138-141
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• 1999

The effects of Eurycoma longifolia Jack were studied in maintaining mating behavior of sexually experienced castrated male rats after dosing them with 500 mg/kg daily of E. longifolia Jack for 10 days prior to test and later continued for two weeks where the rats were then castrated. The similar dosage was then continued for 12 weeks post-castration. However, $400\;{\mu}g/day$ of testosterone was administered subcutaneously on the day of castration and lasted for 6 weeks post-castration but later raised to $800\;{\mu}g/day$ until 12 week post-castration. Tests were conducted weekly from 2-6 weeks and 8-12 weeks post-castration. Results showed that all the experimental male rats exhibited mating behavior before castration. Further results also indicated that E. longifolia Jack successfully maintained mating behavior but less than precastration level from 2-6 weeks and later increased from 8-12 weeks post-castration. Similarly, $400\;{\mu}g/day$ of testosterone was effective in maintaining mating behavior from 2-6 weeks post-castration. However, $800\;{\mu}g/day$ of testosterone managed to return the male rats to the precastration level with all male rats exhibited mating behavior from 8-12 weeks post-castration. Further results also indicated that testosterone significantly increased the penis weights (p < 0.05) as compared to the E. longifolia Jack. In conclusion, this study shows that E. longifolia Jack continued to maintain mating behavior of sexually experienced castrated male rats, giving further evidence of the folkuse of this plant as aphrodisiac.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

In this minireview we focus on how males may exploit female's sensitivity to predation risk in the context of mating. It has been shown in studies on guppies and jumping spiders that in response to altered female behaviors, which are adaptations to the unfavorable environment and a consequence of females' higher sensitivity to predator's presence as well as females' higher predation risk, males can adopt condition-dependent mating tactics. It appears that in such cases males do not modify their reproductive behavior directly in response to their own perception of predation risk, but indirectly in response to changes in female behavior induced by predator presence. It has also been recently shown in crabs that males can exploit female behavior by creating safer habitat spots, which increases the male mating success. Hence all the evidence suggests that males not only respond to female sensitivity to the natural variation in predation risk, but that males can also exploit female behavior by altering the environment. As a logical extension of these findings, we present a hypothesis that in certain conditions males can manipulate the environment in order to increase the predation risk and to induce female behaviors that enhance the male's mating success with the increased predation risk. We propose that such a manipulation to increase predation risk is expected to evolve in males of species with a strong sexual conflict and female-biased predation risk. Although empirical evidence has not been yet shown, initial observations in a water strider species in Korea, Gerris gracilicornis, seem to support this hypothesis.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1477-1481
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• 2007

한국 내 얼치기완두(Vicia tetrasperm) 집단의 교배계를 알로자임 분석으로 실시하였다. 그 결과 얼치기완두는 타가수분 또는 혼합 교배 타가수분을 영위하고 있었다. 집단 수준에서 열 개 집단에 대한 내교배 계수는 0.131에서 0.176까지로 나타나며 평균은 0.154였다. 다대립좌위에서 타가수분 계수(tm)는 열 개 집단에 대해 0.269와 0.423사이에 있으며 평균은 0.333이었다. 다대립좌위와 단일좌위에서 타가수분 계수 차이는 상당히 높게 나타났으며 양친과의 근친교배가 유의하게 일어나고 있었다. 일부 집단에서 낮은 타가수분율은 광범위한 근친교배와 성숙한 개체간 격리에 기인한다. 비록 한 집단에서 이형접합체 과다가 기록되었지만 대부분 집단은 이형접합체의 결핍이 관찰되었다. 따라서 동형접합체에 대한 자연선택이 생활사를 통한 지손집단에 작용하고 있었다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.411-414
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• 2006

The mating systems of two groups of natural populations of Gleditsia japonica var. koraiensis in Korea were determined using allozyme analysis. The result suggests that G. japonica var. koraiensis is predominantly outcrossing. The tm values of eight populations in Korea varied from 0.667 (Mdh-1) to 0.938 (ldh-1), giving an average 0.820. Population and individual outcrossing estimates were associated with flowering tree density or degree of spatial isolation. The reason for relatively low outcrossing rates of some populations could be attributed to reduction of effective population sizes of sib for the medicine, small population size, and isolation of flowering mature trees. The heterozygote excesses were observed in some natural populations, whereas other populations exhibited varying degrees of inbreeding and heterozygotes deficit. Thus, selection against homozygotes operated in the progeny populations throughout the life cycle.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1988

자매종 R.nigromaculate(참개구리)와 R. plancyi(금개구리)간의 생식적 격리기작을 구명하기 위하여 전라남도 광주시에서 발견된 자연집중 1개체를 포함한 두 종의 형태, 유전적 변이 및 번식시기 등을 조사한 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 두 종은 형태,유전,mating call 및 번식시기 등에 뚜렷한 차이가 있었고, 약 350만년 전에 남방계인 R. plancyi에서 R.nigromaculate가 분화되었을 것으로 추정되었다. 잡종 1개체는 전기영동 결과 일대잡종으로 확인되었으며 포란한 정상 난소를 갖고 있는 점으로 미루어 보아 생식이 간으하다고 여기지며, 따라서 postmating isolating mechanism은 불완전하게 생성되었다고 추측된다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.225-229
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• 2007

The mating systems of natural populations of Potentilla freyniana in Korea were determined using allozyme analysis. The result suggests that P. freyniana is outcrossing as well as employing vegetative reproduction by stolon (self-fertilization rate, s < 0.5). The values of the inbreeding coefficient of eight populations in Korea varied from 0.244 to 0.331, with an average value of 0.274. For eight natural populations, multi-locus estimates of outcrossing (tm) was 0.603 across 13 polymorphic loci, with individual population values ranging from 0.530 to 0.652. The relatively low outcrossing rates of some populations could be attributed to extensive vegetative reproduction by stolon and the isolation of flowering mature plants. Although P. freyniana usually propagated by asexually-produced ramets, I could not rule out the possibility that sexual reproduction occurred at a low rate because each ramet may produce terminal flowers. Although heterozygote excess was observed in some natural populations, most populations exhibited varying degrees of inbreeding and a heterozygote deficit.

• Mycobiology
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.64-71
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of distribution of mating type (MAT) genes of Tuber indicum in ectomycorhizosphere soils from natural T. indicum-producing areas and cultivated truffle orchards and ascocarp samples from different regions. Quantitative real-time PCR and multiplex PCR were used to weight the copy numbers of MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 in natural truffle soils and cultivated orchard soils. The effect of limestone on the pattern of truffle MAT genes and the correlation between soil properties and the proportion of MAT genes were also assessed. These results indicated that an uneven and nonrandom distribution of MAT genes was common in truffle-producing areas, cultivated truffle orchards, and ascocarps gleba. The competition between the two mating type genes and the expansion of unbalanced distribution was found to be closely related to truffle fructification. Limestone treatments failed to alter the proportion of the two mating type genes in the soil. The content of available phosphorus in soil was significantly correlated with the value of MAT1-1-1/MAT1-2-1 in cultivated and natural ectomycorhizosphere soils. The application of real-time quantitative PCR can provide reference for monitoring the dynamic changes of mating type genes in soil. This study investigates the distributional pattern of T. indicum MAT genes in the ectomycorhizosphere soil and ascocarp gleba from different regions, which may provide a foundation for the cultivation of T. indicum.