• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.5 no.1 s.12
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• pp.78-86
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• 2007

One of the latest social trends is to reappear old things under the banner of the revival. It is easily found in the fashion industry because Fashion is not divided into the past, the present and the future thing but coexisting through all ages. The purpose of this study was to pursue the healthy and characteristic beauty of the modem people by understanding the beauty culture of the ancient. The Middle ages were mainly classified into Byzantine, Romanesque and Gothic by historical and cultural factors. In the Byzantine age, the clothing with rich silhouette was worn by the influence of the abstemious religion and it didn't express a specific proportion of human body. The people covered their hair with turbans and veils for the period. The Romanesque era was affected by the religious idealism and the Greek-Roman culture. The ideal proportion of human body could be 8 heads high and the clothes expressing natural silhouette of human body came out. Depending on the feel of the flowing texture, long-braided hair was typical in that time, and also wearing kinds of head dress as personal ornaments was characteristic in the age. In the period of Gothic, the long and weak human body was emphasized. The ideal proportion of human body could be figured with 8.5 heads high and it was expressed with the form of artificial and vertical silhouette such like tight-fitting upper garments, gathered skirts and long hats.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1215-1224
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• 2008

This research has measured the indoor environment of thirty hair salons, which are located on Gunsan-Si, Jeonlabbuk-Do, from April 1st to April 30th 2005, to examine the related factors on a work environment of hairdressers and a revelation of respiratory symptom, and has polled 260 hairdressers and 350 office workers. After measuring the physical environment of hair salons, the room temperature, the relative humidity and the illumination was in an agreeable range, and 60 percent of hair salons depended on the natural ventilation through the windows. The levels of acetone, toluene and xylene, which were measured at the hair salons, were all under the safety standards (p<0.05), but these are still harmful and volatile matters, so they can be bad for your health by the contact of skin and respiration. The harmful factors that affect a revelation of respiratory symptom were the group who has many exposures of permanent wave or bleaching/dyeing and not many experiences of hairdressing work, the group who smokes every day, and the group who never exercises at all (p<0.05). This result shows that there are possibilities of health problem for hairdressers from the constant and repeating hairdressing works with the exposure of chemicals such as the permanent, bleaching and dyeing. so that hairdressers recognize that they need appropriate ventilation facilities for their agreeable indoor-environments. And also, to prevent the direct exposure of chemicals as much as they can, they need to have an active management of an individual health care by wearing gloves, mask or something like that.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.139-144
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• 2021

Since the human act to pursue beauty is the most natural desire and instinct, the demand for a new beauty trend in line with the 4th industrial revolution era, in which aesthetic interest in human appearance management along with the importance of appearance is increasing day by day is very necessary at this time. In order to derive the source from art, which is closely related to beauty studies, the shape and texture of women's hair design appearing in 'Chinoiserie' style Western paintings that were popular in Europe and France in the 18th century. As a result of the study, the hair design of women appearing in four Western paintings showed characteristics of each individual shape, texture, and color. Through this study, the foundation stone for the development of a new mode hairstyle for modern people living in a rapidly changing era while quarreling with the village, and the foundation stone for the development of various beauty contents.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1289-1297
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• 2023

In this study, NF Complex of 0%, 0.5%, 2.5%, 12.5%, and 100% was prepared by complexing and extracting Indian gooseberry, Rosa multiflora Thunberg roots, and saw palmetto fruit in a ratio of 5:1:1. The manufactured NF Complex was applied to bleached sample hair and then compared and analyzed with damaged hair. To confirm the improvement effect, tensile strength, gloss, absorbance, and brightness were measured. As a result of the measurement, the tensile strength increased. The gloss content decreased by 100%, but the remaining content increased. The change in absorbance was minimal. There was also a change in brightness, but it was minimal. It was confirmed that there is a significant difference in the average value of NF Complex, and it is judged necessary to study various ratios in the future.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.295-299
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• 2011

Purpose: It is generally believed that alopecia is caused by various factors such as scars, stress, genetical factors, androgens, etc. Androgenic alopecia is one of the most common cause of alopecia and found mainly in males. Propecia (Merck & Co., USA) and Minoxidil (McNEIL-PPC, Inc, USA) were the drugs approved from FDA for treatment of androgenic alopecia. Surgical treatments such as flap, tissue expansion, scalp reduction and hair transplantation can be considered if necessary. Hair micrograft techniques were developed for natural hair shapes and minimal adverse effect. There were attempts to measure the length of the forehead of the Korean young adults. However attempts to classify the shape and location of forehead hairline were rare. This study attempted to find out standard hairlines of young adults in their 20s & 30s and the result would be the guideline of the hairline in hair replacement surgery of male patients in their 40s & 50s. Methods: 200 male adults in 20s and 30s were photographed and measured the length of 11 vertical index lines to determine hairline. The indexes are the distances from hairline to intercanthal midpoint (A), to medial canthus (B), to upper eyelid fissure (C), to lower eyelid fissure (D), to lateral canthus (E) and distance from lateral highest point to medial lowest point, if the hairline is M-shape (F). Additionally, we classified the hairlines into 4 groups, M, horizontal, inverted U and irregular shapes. Results: The most common hairline of male adults in their 20s is inverted U-shape (53.3%), followed by horizontal-shape, M-shape, irregular-shape. In their 30s, inverted U-shape (59%) is followed by irregular-shape, M-shape, horizontal-shape. The M-shape is more frequently found in males in 30s than those in 20s. The mean values of the indexes in their 20s are as follows: A (76.14 mm), B (Rt: 75.78 mm, Lt:76.41 mm), C (Rt: 69.43 mm, Lt: 69.92 mm), D (Rt: 76.92 mm, Lt:77.46 mm), E (Rt: 64.16 mm, Lt: 64.73 mm), F (4.09 mm). Those in their 30s are as follows: A (76.13 mm), B (Rt: 76.114 mm, Lt: 76.02 mm), C (Rt: 69.87 mm, Lt: 70.37 mm), D (Rt: 77.37 mm, Lt: 77.58 mm), E (Rt: 69.63 mm, Lt: 69.85 mm), F (6.14 mm). Conclusion: The knowledge about human body measurement is indispensable to plastic surgeons. In this study, inverted U shape is the most common type of hairline in 30s, and similar distribution is found in 20s. The percentage of M shape in their 30s is elevated more than 10% compared to that in their 20s. The study of hairline shapes and 11 indexes of hairlines can be useful for planning of the hair transplantation and postoperative evaluation. This study being based on photogrammetry, there may be differences between actual distance of curved face and projected distance on flat photographs.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 2023

A study was performed to increase skin permeation of tocopheryl acetate, an oil-soluble component among tocopheryl acetate, salicylic acid, and niacinamide, which are the active ingredients of the anti-hair loss toner. As a method of transparently solubilizing tocopheryl acetate while containing salicyl acid and niacinamide, we used a swollen micelle structure that increased the size of the micelle formed by the aggregation of surfactants. The prepared swollen micelle solution contains three kinds of active ingredients, and poloxamer 407 and octyldodeceth-16 were used as surfactants to increase transparent properties and stability. In addition, isostearic acid was used as a co-surfactant to increase the size of micelles. To evaluate the physical properties of the prepared swollen micelles, turbidity at room temperature (25 ℃) was measured. The Franz diffusion cell method was used to evaluate the skin permeation rate of tocopheryl acetate among the hair-loss prevention components contained in swollen micelles. After 24 h, tocopheryl acetate showed a 6-fold improvement in skin permeation compared to the control group. Therefore, it can be seen that the swollen micelles developed in this study can be applied to hair-loss prevention products or solubilized formulations of various functional cosmetics.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.151-160
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• 1983

Structuer, ontogeny, classification and taxonomic significance of trichomes have been studied in 39 genera and 125 species of the selected families in Malvales. They were studied on both vegetative and floral organs. There are nine types of eglandular and eight of glandular trichomes. The trichomes were classified on the basis of their form, structure and contents. All of them originated from a single papillate hair initial. According to the trichome data, the Malvales was comfirmed as a natural order with 5 homogenous families: Malvaceae, Bombacaceae, Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae, and Elaeocarpaceae.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.195-209
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• 2018

In this study, the characteristics of various raw hairs used for traditional Korean brushes were examined; further, the characteristics and deterioration patterns of Korean, Chinese, and Japanese brushes were compared, with a quantitative evaluation to assess the brush performance. The tensile strength was generally found to be higher with a greater fiber thickness. Among the hairs examined, the back and flank hair of goat was more damaged than that in other parts, and the tensile strength was low. Higher elasticity of the brush made with hair of high cysteine content was measured. Owing to deterioration by use of the brushes, artificial drying brushes had a higher yellowness index and lower tensile strength than natural drying brushes. Further, it was confirmed that brushes with good absorbency exhibited good consistency, but not good elasticity. Thus, the performance of the brush can be influenced by the kind of material used and the brush usage pattern. In addition, it is possible to identify the material science characteristics of brushes which have been produced only by experience; therefore, the results of this study could provide basic data for manufacturing brushes employed in conservation treatment, in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.227-236
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• 2017

This study attempted to develop and investigate the effects of hair-nourishing cosmetics containing saponin astragaloside from Astragalus membranaceus Bunge on eyebrow growth and development for eventual product development. For this, current use of hair nutrients was investigated in general consumers through a questionnaire survey. A test was conducted for 6 weeks against the same subjects divided into two groups: experimental group with 0.5% saponin astragaloside on the right eyebrow and control group without any astragaloside on the left eyebrow. The results were as follows. In the control group, no significant changes were found in terms of eyebrow length and thickness. In the experimental group with 0.5% saponin astragaloside added, eyebrow length, root, and thickness of the middle area considerably increased. In other words, saponin astragaloside was confirmed an effective natural substance. In addition, subjective assessments such as usability, marketability, and satisfaction assessments supported the usability and market value of saponin astragaloside. Such results reveal that hair-nourishing cosmetics containing saponin astragaloside from Astragalus membranaceus Bunge would be helpful in improving and maintaining eyebrow growth for those concerned about loss and shortening of their eyebrows, showing the potential of product development.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.241-249
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• 1994

Leaf diffusive resistance (LDR), stomatal density, length of guard cell and hair density of leaves of 6 oak species were determined under withdrawal of water, and their strategies of drought stress were analyzed by principal component analysis. LDR of Quercus acutissima, Q. aliena and Q. serrata increased earlier than those of the other species at high leaf water potential $({\Psi}_{leaf})$ or low water saturation deficit (WSD), which was an avoidance mechanism reducing damage by water stress. Q. variabilis with low stomatal density, small stomatal size and high hair density had avoidance mechanisms increasing LDR at high $({\Psi}_{leaf})$ However, Q. mongolica and Q. dentata increased LDR at low $({\Psi}_{leaf})$ as xeric species do. Results from principal component analysis on the 15 variables related to strategies of drought stress indicated that the 6 oak species were divided into 2 groups: (1) Q. acutissima, Q. aliena and Q. serrata as mesic habitat species and (2) Q. variabilis, Q. mongolica and Q. dentata as xeric habitat species. Among three xeric species Q. acutissima differed from the other two species in the drought strategies such as high hair density, low stornatal density, high leaf area ratio, stomatal closing at low $({\Psi}_{leaf})$ and small cell wall elasticity. The results could reasonably explain their drought strategies in natural habitat.