• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.1-4
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• 2001

A new non-destructive fatigue prediction model of the composite laminates is developed. The natural frequencies of fatigue-damaged laminates under extensional loading are related to the fatigue lift of the laminates by establishing the equivalent flexural stiffness reduction as a function of the elastic properties of sublaminates. The flexural stiffness is derived by relating the $90^{\circ}$-ply elastic modulus reduction, and using the laminate plate theory to the degraded elastic modulus and the intact elastic modulus of other laminate. The natural frequency reduction model, in which the dominant fatigue mode can be identified from the sensitivity scale factors of sublaminate elastic properties, provides natural frequency vs. fatigue cycle curves for the composite laminates. Vibration tests were also conducted on $[\textrm{90}_{2}\textrm{0}_{2}]_s$ carbon/epoxy laminates to verify the natural frequency reduction model. Correlations between the predictions of the model and experimental results are good.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.209-217
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• 2003

In this paper, the dynamic system modeling and the state sensitivity analysis of the spin-coater system are proposed for the reduction of the vibration. In the respect of modeling, the spin-coater system is considered to be composed of servomotor, spindle, supporting base and so on. Each component of model is combined and derived to 3 dimensional equations. The combined model is verified by experimental values of actual system in the frequency domain. By direct differentiation of the constraint equations with respect to kinematic design variables, such as eccentricity of spindle, moment of inertia, rotational stiffness and damping of supported base, sensitivity equations are derived to the verified state equations. Sensitivity of design variables could be used for vibration reduction and natural frequency shift in the frequency domain. Finally, dominant design variables are selected from the sensitivity analysis.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1181-1192
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• 2015

In this paper, an analytical method is proposed to study the effect of crack and axial load on vibration behavior and stability of the cracked columns. Using the local flexibility model, the crack has been simulated by a torsional spring with connecting two segments of column in crack location. By solving governing eigenvalue equation, the effects of crack parameters and axial load on the natural frequencies and buckling load as well as buckling load are investigated. The results show that the presents of crack cause to reduction in natural frequencies and buckling load whereas this reduction is affected by the location and depth of the crack. Furthermore, the tensile and compressive axial load increase and decrease the natural frequencies, respectively. In addition, as the compression load approaches to certain value, the fundamental natural frequency reaches zero and instability occurs. The accuracy of the model is validated through the experimental data reported in the literature.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.417-428
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• 2018

In this paper, various model reduction methods were assessed using a shear frame, plane and space truss structures. Each of the structures is one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional, respectively. Three scenarios of poor, better, and the best were considered for each of the structures in which 25%, 40%, and 60% of the total degrees of freedom (DOFs) were measured in each of them, respectively. Natural frequencies of the full and reduced order structures were compared in each of the numerical examples to assess the performance of model reduction methods. Generally, it was found that system equivalent reduction expansion process (SEREP) provides full accuracy in the model reduction in all of the numerical examples and scenarios. Iterated improved reduced system (IIRS) was the second-best, providing acceptable results and lower error in higher modes in comparison to the improved reduced system (IRS) method. Although the Guyan's method has very low levels of accuracy. Structures were classified with the excitation frequency. High-frequency structures compared to low-frequency structures have been poor performance in the model reduction methods (Guyan, IRS, and IIRS).

• Composites Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2001

A new non-destructive fatigue prediction model of the composite laminates is developed. The natural frequencies of fatigue-damaged laminates under extensional loading are related to the fatigue life of the laminates by establishing the equivalent flexural stiffness reduction as a function of the elastic properties of sublaminates. The flexural stiffness is derived by relating the 90-ply elastic modulus reduction, and using the laminate plate theory to the degraded elastic modulus and the intact elastic modulus of other laminates. The natural frequency reduction model, in which the dominant fatigue mode can be identified from the sensitivity scale factors of sublaminate elastic properties, provides natural frequency vs. fatigue cycle curves for the composite laminates. Vibration tests were also conducted on $[{90}_2/0_2]_s$ carbon/epoxy laminates to verify the natural frequency reduction model. Correlations between the predictions of the model and experimental results are good.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.904-921
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• 2014

The main objective of this paper is to propose a new Finite Element (FE) model updating technique for damped beam structures. The present method consists of a FE model updating, a Degree of Freedom (DOF) reduction method and a damping matrix identification method. In order to accomplish the goal of this study, first, a sensitivity-based FE model updating method using the natural frequencies and the zero frequencies is introduced. Second, an Iterated Improved Reduced System (IIRS) technique is employed to reduce the number of DOF of FE model. Third, a damping matrix is estimated using modal damping ratios identified by a curve-fitting method and modified matrices which are obtained through the model updating and the DOF reduction. The proposed FE model updating method is verified using a real cantilever beam attached damping material on one side. The updated result shows that the proposed method can lead to accurate model updating of damped structures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.24 no.4_2
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• pp.443-451
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• 2021

It is essential to examine and analyze the power output and load responses together using real-world turbulent wind speeds. In this paper, the power controller and the drive train damper are simultaneously considered using the NREL 5MW wind turbine model, and the damage equivalent load(DEL) of the low speed shaft torque and power output responses according to the natural frequency of the second order low pass filter are simultaneously investigated. Numerical testing is carried out above rated wind speed using commercially available Bladed software. From the viewpoints of DEL reduction of the drive train shaft torque and power output responses, it is shown that the natural frequency of the low pass filter is appropriately about 6 to 10rad/s. And the reduction ratio of the DEL of the low-speed shaft torque decreases as the wind speed becomes higher, and it is confirmed that the reduction ratio is limited to about 20% at high wind speeds.

• Journal of Advanced Research in Ocean Engineering
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.149-157
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• 2017

Since sloshing effects influences ship motions including floater's natural frequencies. The significant factors changing ship motions are inner liquid impact loads and inertia forces and moments with respect to its filling ratio. This means that changing sloshing loads with sloshing effects reduction device (SERD) may control ship motions. In this regard, conceptual model for adjustable SERD was suggested by authors and then implanted into fully coupled program between vessel motion and sloshing. By changing clearances of baffles in the inner tank which were component of SERD, then the roll RAOs from each case were obtained. It is revealed that using well-controlled SERD can maintain natural frequencies of floater even inner tank has different filling ratio.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.63-73
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• 2019

This paper studies damage detection as an optimization problem. A new objective function based on changes in natural frequencies, and Natural Frequency Vector Assurance Criterion (NFVAC) was developed. Due to their easy and fast acquisition, natural frequencies were utilized to detect structural damages. Moreover, they are sensitive to stiffness reduction. The method presented here consists of two stages. Firstly, Finite Element Model (FEM) is updated. Secondly, damage severities and locations are determined. To minimize the proposed objective function, a new bio-inspired optimization algorithm called salp swarm was employed. Efficiency of the method presented here is validated by three experimental examples. The first example relates to three-story shear frame with two single damage cases in the first story. The second relates to a five-story shear frame with single and multiple damage cases in the first and third stories. The last one relates to a large-scale eight-story shear frame with minor damage case in the first and third stories. Moreover, the performance of Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA) was compared with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The results show that better accuracy is obtained using SSA than using PSO. The obtained results clearly indicate that the proposed method can be used to determine accurately and efficiently both damage location and severity in multi-story shear frames.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.303-314
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• 2009

The present paper shows the results of numerical and experimental modal analyses of Francis runners, which were executed in air and in still water. In its first part this paper is focused on the numerical prediction of the model parameters by means of FEM and the validation of the FEM method. Influences of different geometries on modal parameters and frequency reduction ratio (FRR), which is the ratio of the natural frequencies in water and the corresponding natural frequencies in air, are investigated for two different runners, one prototype and one model runner. The results of the analyses indicate very good agreement between experiment and simulation. Particularly the frequency reduction ratios derived from simulation are found to agree very well with the values derived from experiment. In order to identify sensitivity of the structural properties several parameters such as material properties, different model scale and different hub geometries are numerically investigated. In its second part, a harmonic response analysis is shown for a Francis runner by applying the time dependent pressure distribution resulting from an unsteady CFD simulation to the mechanical structure. Thus, the data gained by modern CFD simulation are being fully utilized for the structural design based on life time analysis. With this new approach a more precise prediction of turbine loading and its effect on turbine life cycle is possible allowing better turbine designs to be developed.