• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• 제95호
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• pp.35-49
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• 2009

Ever since the beginning of time, caves not only have offered a place to live for humans but they have also been used as cultural spaces. That is, in the event of making some sounds in a location within the cave, the sound that is created is greatly magnified and sounds out as if it is being amplified from a giant megaphone. This, as we well know it, is known as the resonance effect. Here, the cave itself appears to function as a massive wind instrument. Especially in cases like the Altamira Cave (Spain) where cave paintings were found, the point where the cave drawings were found has commonalities in that it is a wide space and that it is usually discovered together with flutes and drums that are made with mammoth bones. We need to focus on this point. We can infer from these facts that the prehistoric people have carried out cultural activities along with their incantation rituals within those caves. In the meantime, amongst the Korean traditional arts, in the case of pansori which is a representative vocal genre, there have been examples where caves were used as practicing locations for those people who are training to perfect their singing. This is known as toguldoggong(土窟獨功) which literally means 'obtaining one's own art by oneself in the earth cave by practicing incessantly'. This process along with pokpodoggong (瀑布獨功) (same as above except that the location is by the waterfall) is the final training stage in order to become a recognized virtuoso on the part of the apprentice. This could be compared to the final annealing and finishing process of producing a metalwork. This has been a long tradition followed by most Korean traditional artists in order to perfect their sound which is harmonious with nature within natural surroundings. By honing in on this point, I have come to think about this matter repeatedly while coaching the university students in vocal singing. In short, I came to the conclusion that "the making of natural sounds will be obtained naturally within natural surroundings like caves!" Consequently, The Society for Studying Cave Sounds was inaugurated on January 1992 along with some of my students. We made use of times like vacations to go around exploring caves all over Jeju and carried out investigations of sounds along with cave exploration on an experimental basis. After 5 years, in September of 1997, we were able to host the first ever cave concert domestically at the Whale Nostril Cave(東岸鯨窟) on Wu-do. After that, we have been hosting the cave concert once every year. We have achieved a record of a total of 14 cave concerts until 2009 of this year. Out of these, 2 were held in Seokhwaeam Cave in Kangwon Province, another two were held in Manjang Cave which is a lava cave, and the remaining 10 were held in the Whale Nostril Cave of Wu-do. Along with that, I have carried out a special recording for the production of a cave music CD in May of 1999. This paper was written and organized by using the main materials that were derived from the experiences of using caves as concert halls in the past. It is hoped that this cave concert will offer a very unique experience to tourists who come to Jeju every year and give them the best possible superior natural sound effect that only Jeju caves can offer.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• 제66호
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• pp.95-109
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• 2005

About 30 limestone caves have already been developed at the basin of the River Dong. baekyong Cave, Hwaam Cave, and Jeolgol Cave are of great worth, not noly as a matter of study, but as a matter of the tourist resources they develop. Among them Baekyong Cave is the best. I'm going to give a full detailed account of cave deposits and cave phenomena focused on its view to preserve the looks of Baekyong Cave by analyzing the speleothem of Baekyong Cave and cave system scientifically and systematizing them. Baekyong Cave, Natural Monument Ho. 260, is on the verge of being submerged. Peculiar things in Baekyong Cave are 1) pseudo stalgmite 2) anthodites 3) erratic stalagmites 4) cave shield 5) lost river 6) cave flint 7) pit fall but I have also mentioned general and related matters.

• Journal of the speleological society of Korea
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.29-32
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• 1995

The geographical location of Ondal cave is situated between Danyang's cave zone and Yang wol's Kossi cave. The cave is situated at 37$^{\circ}$ 03' North latitude and 128$^{\circ}$ 29' of east longitude and is administratively located in Hari, Yongchun Myen, Danyang Gun, Chung Chong Bug Do. In the light of its natural location, It is situated on the southern side of Nam Han river's water system and in the fort mountain which includes Ondal hill-fort and its mountain range's peak, Nam San.(omitted)

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.158-186
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• 2009

The Gossi Cave, Natural Monument 219, extends horizontally for 3,388m with 215m elevation. 620m of the horizontal cave length was opened to the public in 1974. The Gosu Cave, Natural Monument 256, also was opened the public for only 685m of the horizontal cave length, 1,700m, in 1976 in order to preserve its ecological cave environment. The surface of the speleothems in two caves have been turning black due to pollutants after the caves were opened to the public. The degrees of temperature, humidity and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the caves were related the seasonal variation. Specially, the value of partial pressure of carbon dioxide($CO_2$) in the cave higher in the summer than any other seasons. The partial pressure of $CO_2$ continues to build in the summer because of exceed the self-purification limit in the caves. The value of $CO_2$ variation in the caves was mainly controlled by the amount of visitors. As a result, we have to controlled the amount of visitors to preserve the cave environment.

• Journal of the speleological society of Korea
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• 제7호
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• pp.15-24
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• 1998

Conservation is the optimum sustained use of natural resources; therefore, cave conservation must provide not only for the protection of the character, decoration and biota of caves, but also for the means whereby people might enjoy and understand the caves that are their heritage. A cave is a natural subterranean cavity into which a man can enter to a point where daylight cannot be seen. Caves are not only interesting physical entities that provide distinctive sensory and perceptual experiences and invoke a variety of responses, but they also provide unique opportunities for scientific study. Speleology is the study of caves, and in New Zealand it attracts workers from many disciplines of the universities and government research establishments.(omitted)

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• 제81호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2007

The role of the rescue party only function of accident hour relief activity it knows against the technique and an immediacy of Hum who burns executes an education and training and the accident it will be able to occur in advance and Hum activity hour which burns it prevents the place where it reduces it contributes a lot role is the importance is a possibility of saying that compared to it grows more. It must establish the cave structure commission inside Korean cave academic society and it must cooperate with the instance of the foreign nation together and with each other it must improve a cave structure setup and equipment and the countermeasure which is appropriate and prevention of accident inside the cave and accident occurrence hour it must consider feed with the fact that it must become.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• 제73호
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• pp.45-47
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• 2006

The modern people spend more time with heir family on weekends, and this changed the perspective toward leisure and tourism. Along with this, the recognition toward tourism resources have underwent various modifications with the increasing number of family tourists. Caves are categorized as lava tube (formed by volcano activity), lime stone cave(formed by absorption of water into underground level), sea cave (formed by wave erosion) and artificial cave that were made for the fluent traffic activity of railways or roads. Caves manifest characteristics of tourism as a natural resources and tourism as a humanity study, so caves are valuable as a multipurpose tourism resource.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• 제67호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2005

There are lots of natural caves in northeastern area of China. in this paper emphasis on the securities of cave management and cave survey. And discussed about the securities of the tourist and the members of the survey team. Therefore, it is necessary to keep the items of the security management as a sightseeing caves and management environment and the situation of the conservation.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• 제79호
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• pp.17-30
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• 2007

Gossi-cave, which is Natural monument No. 219, originally was called Norigok-cave, but happened Imjin-Japanese war, aborigine and Gossi family took refuse to Norigok-cave. Japanese soldiers set fire to this cave, in result lots of people had been died. And then, this cave was called Gossi-cave because Gossi family only survived during the war. Stalactite, Stone pillar that was created from four hundred million ago Harmonized with the others. The length is 6.3km in 1969.6.4. this cave was appointed natural monument as a result of investigating Korean Speleological Society. Kim SaKat a Master Poet(1807-1863) : A Genius with wit and eccentric conduct, a poet who wrote a refined poems with his own dramatic path of life destructed the format of Chines poem and created a new folk literature. He is Kim SaKat - a wizard of poet Kim Sakat - a poet wearing conical bamboo hat. Kim Sakat was born in 1807, in the latter part of Chosun period, his antonym was Kim Byung-Yun. He passed the state examination in the first place when he was 20. Two years later, he set out his life as a wanderer when he realized his winning composition was a criticism on his grandfather.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• 제5권
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• pp.13-22
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• 1981

The stone caves in Korea, though they were first influenced by Chinese cave temples, were not made same with their predecessors in style. Nearly all Korean stone caves are the simulated ones built artificially, and they are divided into the following: A. The caves that were made up with several pieces of natural rocks with some wood works done over them to cover the open spaces between the rocks. B. Wood works were added in front of the rock-cut images of Buddha in order to construct the cave. C. The men-made caves Suk-kul-am in Kyung-ju is well-known among the above kind of the caves. In short, Korean stone caves have their distinction in which they were inspired by the Indian and Chinese examples and developed their own styles to meet the specific conditions and restraints of the Korean mountains. The extant Silla cave temples are classified in the following four groups: 1) The type of Shin-sun-sa(神仙寺) at Kyung-ju 2) The type of Ka-heung-ri cave(可興里) at Yong-ju(榮州) 3) The type of Kun-wi cave(軍威) 4) The type of Suk-kul-am(石窟庵) at Kyung-ju